Introduction Argan agrosylvopastoral territories in Morocco illustrate the intertwined issues rel... more Introduction Argan agrosylvopastoral territories in Morocco illustrate the intertwined issues related to climate change and food security in southern Mediterranean semi-arid rural areas. The argan tree (Argania spinosa L. Sapotaceae) acts as a shield against desertification and represents the most important southernmost tree formations in Morocco. Its resources have been a pillar of food security in this region at least since medieval times (Ruas et al. 2016). Argan oil is not only a staple f..
The Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Environmental Knowledge, 2020
This chapter makes a strong case for greater inclusion of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) in... more This chapter makes a strong case for greater inclusion of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) in global environmental policy fora and in science-policy interfaces. The chapter specifically looks at the IPBES Global Assessment, which has developed one of the first global-scale mechanisms for operationalizing ILK in assessments leading to informed decision-making processes. We outline the conceptual framework, ILK approach, and specific steps taken to ensure ILK was represented and included in the assessment. The findings of the assessment show the importance of ILK in several ways: (1) to assess ecosystem change and associated human vulnerability; (2) to inform the achievement of global goals like the Sustainable Development Goals and Aichi Targets; and (3) to inform policy-relevant options for decision-makers. It is argued that other global initiatives seeking to engage ILK in their endeavours can learn from the ILK approach of the IPBES Global Assessment.
This document contains the draft Chapter 2 NCP of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and... more This document contains the draft Chapter 2 NCP of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7 had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters. IPBES typically releases its Chapters publicly only in their final form, which implies a delay of several months post Plenary. However, in light of the high interest for the Chapters, IPBES is releasing the six Chapters early (31 May 2019) in a draft form. Authors of the reports are currently working to reflect all the changes made to the Summary for Policymakers during the Plenary to the Chapters, and to perform final copyediting.
This document contains the draft Chapter 1 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Eco... more This document contains the draft Chapter 1 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7 had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters. IPBES typically releases its Chapters publicly only in their final form, which implies a delay of several months post Plenary. However, in light of the high interest for the Chapters, IPBES is releasing the six Chapters early (31 May 2019) in a draft form. Authors of the reports are currently working to reflect all the changes made to the Summary for Policymakers during the Plenary to the Chapters, and to perform final copy editing.
De l’abeille solitaire à l’abeille sociale. Inventivité des enfants et apprentissage de l’apicult... more De l’abeille solitaire à l’abeille sociale. Inventivité des enfants et apprentissage de l’apiculture (sud-ouest du Maroc). À partir de plusieurs exemples ethnographiques du sud-ouest marocain, le propos de cet article est de restituer la part de l’enfant dans son apprentissage de l’apiculture, notamment lors de l’étape de l’essaimage et dans la relation aux abeilles solitaires. Ceci permet de mieux comprendre comment la vocation d’apiculteur émerge d’une transmission culturelle qui s’appuie en grande partie sur l’expérience autonome et ingénieuse des enfants avec la biodiversité qui les entoure. Pour suivre le processus de transmission et d’apprentissage des savoirs apicoles, cet article propose d’analyser le contexte culturel de sensibilisation de l’enfant à l’abeille dès le plus jeune âge et d’identifier les lieux de l’apprentissage en fonction des différentes expériences avec l’abeille et des tâches apicoles. Enfin et surtout, nous chercherons à confronter cette sensibilisation p...
Highly prized by the “grand cuisine chef ” or as a luxury cosmetic product, Moroccan argan oil is... more Highly prized by the “grand cuisine chef ” or as a luxury cosmetic product, Moroccan argan oil is put forward through marketing as a women-made product, from a forest tree under management practices that relate essentially to sylviculture. Its production has given way to a sudden interest by a diversity of markets. However, although it has become most famous, the vision that consumers have of its origin is very vague, except for the “Epinal ” image of a tree browsed by goats, endemic to Morocco (Argania spinosa), and which nuts give a miraculous oil. While a geographic indication label is being established for the argan oil, a scientific approach is most required to understanding the impact of this market “explosion ” on local knowledge and know-how, and of the presence in the “argan region ” of a large variety of new development stakeholders. Adding-value policies applying to argan oil are examined in this paper which demonstrates the existence of a naturalizing process of the agro...
By the turn of the 21st century, several anthropologists have insistently been denouncing a globa... more By the turn of the 21st century, several anthropologists have insistently been denouncing a global disinterest for anthropology of child (see for instance Corsaro 2003; Friedl 2004; Gottlieb 2000; Hirschfeld 2002; Panther-Brick & Smith 2000). Since then, and especially over the past decade, anthropological research pertaining to children and childhood has made significant progress (Lancy 2008, 2012; Lancy et al. 2010; Montgomery 2009; Qvortrup et al. 2011). Anthropology of child is even becoming a trendy domain of research that is now investigated by a growing number of disciplines, including archaeology1. The birth of AnthropoChildren journal in 2012 is one of the most salient expressions of this renewed interest, pursuing the work of many pioneer scholars – Langness 1975 and Whiting 1963 to name a few – who, following the pathway opened by M. Mead (1930), have prominently contributed to set up the foundations of this multilayered discipline. Nevertheless, research efforts are not ...
The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiv... more The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples’ conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD’s 2050 vision of “Living in harmony with nature.” Third, Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples’ rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for I...
1. There have been calls for greater inclusion of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in applied... more 1. There have been calls for greater inclusion of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in applied ecosystems research and ecological assessments. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Global Assessment (GA) is the first global scale assessment to systematically engage with S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: McElwee P, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, et al. Working with Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in large-scale ecological assessments: Reviewing the experience of the IPBES Global Assessment.
The Mediterranean region under climate change, 2016
Oleaster and olive, a long history of man-forest interactions An average of 2.5 million tons of o... more Oleaster and olive, a long history of man-forest interactions An average of 2.5 million tons of olive oil is produced annually at global level (COI 2015). Mediterranean countries from the EU and from southern and eastern Mediterranean regions still represent the major exporters. The amounts consumed in source areas are difficult to evaluate, although olive oil is a major element of local diets and health. Understanding the historical and cultural bonds and associated empirical knowledge devel..
Humans have favored the presence of Ficus species within anthropogenic landscapes and near human ... more Humans have favored the presence of Ficus species within anthropogenic landscapes and near human settlements throughout the planet due to a number of beliefs and for practical purposes. An intimate or mutualistic relationship between Ficus spp and human societies has been suggested but explanations about the motivations of these proximities between humans and Ficus remain very fragmentary. The case study presented in this paper, which was conducted in the sacred hills located in the surroundings of an urban area, Antananarivo, capital city of Madagascar, inhabited by the Merina, aims at finding some answers to the following two questions. To what extent are Ficus species integrated into the ecologies of human groups, understood here as interactions between humans (social, political and economic dimensions)? 2) Do humans introduce Ficus species into new habitats, potentially offering new ecological opportunities? This study builds on initial work conducted in Madagascar in the region of Fianarantsoa in Betsileo rural communities. Results shown in this paper suggest that: 1) the kings of Imerina, the region located in the northeastern part of the High Plateau of Madagascar, have planted Ficus species abundantly, especially Ficus lutea Vahl and Ficus. polita Vahl, to claim ownership upon new territories of the Imerina and symbolically establish their political hegemony. Marriages with women from non-Merina cultural groups, such as the Sakalava inhabiting the Western Coast, and the use of Ficus species as symbols of power has contributed, with other activities, to the unification process of Madagascar; 2) The ecological distribution of F. lutea has been substantially manipulated by people from Imerina by planting this species quite abundantly in the sacred hills surrounding Antananarivo, an area where this species is at its ecological limit of distribution and also in faraway places such as the Western coast where the tree is not naturally distributed.
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2020
Working with indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is vital for inclusive assessments of nature an... more Working with indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is vital for inclusive assessments of nature and nature's linkages. Indigenous peoples' concepts about what constitutes sustainability, for example, differ markedly from dominant sustainability discourses. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services (IPBES) is promoting dialogue across different knowledge systems globally. In 2017, member states of IPBES adopted an ILK Approach including: procedures for assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people; a participatory mechanism; and institutional arrangements for including indigenous peoples and local communities. We present this Approach and analyse how it supports ILK in IPBES assessments through: respecting rights; supporting care and mutuality; strengthening communities and their knowledge systems; and supporting knowledge exchange. Customary institutions that ensure the integrity of ILK, effective empowering dialogues, and shared governance are among critical capacities that enable inclusion of diverse conceptualization of sustainability in assessments. Response to Reviewers: Please refer to attached "response to reviewers" Additional Information: Question Response Does your submission include Data in Brief? If so, please upload all Data in Brief files (completed Word template and any relevant data files) as a single zip file, and select "Data in Brief" as File Type. My submission does not include Data in Brief. Does your submission include a method article (optional)? If so, please upload all MethodsX files (completed Word template and any relevant data files) as a single zip file and select "MethodsX" as File Type. My submission does not contain a MethodsX article.
Multiple values of isolated individuals of Ficus tree species protected by Betsileo farmers in ru... more Multiple values of isolated individuals of Ficus tree species protected by Betsileo farmers in rural landscapes in Madagascar. Implications for biodiversity conservation-Manuscript Draft-Manuscript Number: BIOC-D-19-00008R2 Full Title: Multiple values of isolated individuals of Ficus tree species protected by Betsileo farmers in rural landscapes in Madagascar. Implications for biodiversity conservation Article Type: Original Research
Tuber melanosporum is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus from Mediterranean transitory ecosystems wh... more Tuber melanosporum is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus from Mediterranean transitory ecosystems where ECM trees start to dominate among arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) shrubs and herbs (companion plants). Its presence entails the development of 'brûlés', where 2 vegetation is scarce for unknown reasons. Current T. melanosporum production comes from plantations where management often suppresses the understory vegetation, although empirical knowledge advocates a positive role of some companion plants in truffle production. This study aimed at (i) experimentally testing the reciprocal interaction between T. melanosporum and companion plants and (ii) examining T. melanosporum-mediated soil feedback involved in the dynamics of truffle ground vegetation. Methods A three-year experiment was set up with Quercus ilex associated with T. melanosporum (or not, as control), grown in association (or not, as control) with a companion plant. Six companion plant species were chosen based on different empirical criteria including those indicated by local truffle growers' knowledge. A trait-based approach was applied to plants and associated fungi (abundance of T. melanosporum and AM fungi mycelium). Results-Conclusion Companion plants promoted the development of truffle mycelium. In the presence of T. melanosporum, companion plant growth and nutrition and AM fungi abundance decreased, while the nutrition status of its host increased. The truffle inhibited germination of weed seeds. These results highlight the role of T. melanosporum in mediating plant-plant interactions, possible mechanisms underlying brûlé formation and a potential successional role for T. melanosporum.
La loi du 1 er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n'autorisant, ... more La loi du 1 er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n'autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l'article L. 122-5, d'une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d'autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans le but d'exemple ou d'illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l'auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1 er de l'article L. 122-4). Cette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constituerait donc une contrefaçon passible des peines prévues au titre III de la loi précitée.
Les sociétés jbala et la nature Savoirs paysans autour des huiles d'olive, (zaytun, Olea europaea... more Les sociétés jbala et la nature Savoirs paysans autour des huiles d'olive, (zaytun, Olea europaea var. europaea) et d'oléastre, (əl-bərri, Olea europaea var. sylvestris) Rif, nord du Maroc De la reproduction des arbres aux pratiques alimentaires Farmer's knowledge around olive (zaytun, Olea europaea var. europaea)) and oleaster (əl-bərri, Olea europaea var. sylvestris) oils, Rif, Northern Morocco: From tree reproduction to food practices
Introduction Argan agrosylvopastoral territories in Morocco illustrate the intertwined issues rel... more Introduction Argan agrosylvopastoral territories in Morocco illustrate the intertwined issues related to climate change and food security in southern Mediterranean semi-arid rural areas. The argan tree (Argania spinosa L. Sapotaceae) acts as a shield against desertification and represents the most important southernmost tree formations in Morocco. Its resources have been a pillar of food security in this region at least since medieval times (Ruas et al. 2016). Argan oil is not only a staple f..
The Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Environmental Knowledge, 2020
This chapter makes a strong case for greater inclusion of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) in... more This chapter makes a strong case for greater inclusion of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) in global environmental policy fora and in science-policy interfaces. The chapter specifically looks at the IPBES Global Assessment, which has developed one of the first global-scale mechanisms for operationalizing ILK in assessments leading to informed decision-making processes. We outline the conceptual framework, ILK approach, and specific steps taken to ensure ILK was represented and included in the assessment. The findings of the assessment show the importance of ILK in several ways: (1) to assess ecosystem change and associated human vulnerability; (2) to inform the achievement of global goals like the Sustainable Development Goals and Aichi Targets; and (3) to inform policy-relevant options for decision-makers. It is argued that other global initiatives seeking to engage ILK in their endeavours can learn from the ILK approach of the IPBES Global Assessment.
This document contains the draft Chapter 2 NCP of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and... more This document contains the draft Chapter 2 NCP of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7 had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters. IPBES typically releases its Chapters publicly only in their final form, which implies a delay of several months post Plenary. However, in light of the high interest for the Chapters, IPBES is releasing the six Chapters early (31 May 2019) in a draft form. Authors of the reports are currently working to reflect all the changes made to the Summary for Policymakers during the Plenary to the Chapters, and to perform final copyediting.
This document contains the draft Chapter 1 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Eco... more This document contains the draft Chapter 1 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7 had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters. IPBES typically releases its Chapters publicly only in their final form, which implies a delay of several months post Plenary. However, in light of the high interest for the Chapters, IPBES is releasing the six Chapters early (31 May 2019) in a draft form. Authors of the reports are currently working to reflect all the changes made to the Summary for Policymakers during the Plenary to the Chapters, and to perform final copy editing.
De l’abeille solitaire à l’abeille sociale. Inventivité des enfants et apprentissage de l’apicult... more De l’abeille solitaire à l’abeille sociale. Inventivité des enfants et apprentissage de l’apiculture (sud-ouest du Maroc). À partir de plusieurs exemples ethnographiques du sud-ouest marocain, le propos de cet article est de restituer la part de l’enfant dans son apprentissage de l’apiculture, notamment lors de l’étape de l’essaimage et dans la relation aux abeilles solitaires. Ceci permet de mieux comprendre comment la vocation d’apiculteur émerge d’une transmission culturelle qui s’appuie en grande partie sur l’expérience autonome et ingénieuse des enfants avec la biodiversité qui les entoure. Pour suivre le processus de transmission et d’apprentissage des savoirs apicoles, cet article propose d’analyser le contexte culturel de sensibilisation de l’enfant à l’abeille dès le plus jeune âge et d’identifier les lieux de l’apprentissage en fonction des différentes expériences avec l’abeille et des tâches apicoles. Enfin et surtout, nous chercherons à confronter cette sensibilisation p...
Highly prized by the “grand cuisine chef ” or as a luxury cosmetic product, Moroccan argan oil is... more Highly prized by the “grand cuisine chef ” or as a luxury cosmetic product, Moroccan argan oil is put forward through marketing as a women-made product, from a forest tree under management practices that relate essentially to sylviculture. Its production has given way to a sudden interest by a diversity of markets. However, although it has become most famous, the vision that consumers have of its origin is very vague, except for the “Epinal ” image of a tree browsed by goats, endemic to Morocco (Argania spinosa), and which nuts give a miraculous oil. While a geographic indication label is being established for the argan oil, a scientific approach is most required to understanding the impact of this market “explosion ” on local knowledge and know-how, and of the presence in the “argan region ” of a large variety of new development stakeholders. Adding-value policies applying to argan oil are examined in this paper which demonstrates the existence of a naturalizing process of the agro...
By the turn of the 21st century, several anthropologists have insistently been denouncing a globa... more By the turn of the 21st century, several anthropologists have insistently been denouncing a global disinterest for anthropology of child (see for instance Corsaro 2003; Friedl 2004; Gottlieb 2000; Hirschfeld 2002; Panther-Brick & Smith 2000). Since then, and especially over the past decade, anthropological research pertaining to children and childhood has made significant progress (Lancy 2008, 2012; Lancy et al. 2010; Montgomery 2009; Qvortrup et al. 2011). Anthropology of child is even becoming a trendy domain of research that is now investigated by a growing number of disciplines, including archaeology1. The birth of AnthropoChildren journal in 2012 is one of the most salient expressions of this renewed interest, pursuing the work of many pioneer scholars – Langness 1975 and Whiting 1963 to name a few – who, following the pathway opened by M. Mead (1930), have prominently contributed to set up the foundations of this multilayered discipline. Nevertheless, research efforts are not ...
The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiv... more The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples’ conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD’s 2050 vision of “Living in harmony with nature.” Third, Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples’ rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for I...
1. There have been calls for greater inclusion of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in applied... more 1. There have been calls for greater inclusion of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in applied ecosystems research and ecological assessments. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Global Assessment (GA) is the first global scale assessment to systematically engage with S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: McElwee P, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, et al. Working with Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in large-scale ecological assessments: Reviewing the experience of the IPBES Global Assessment.
The Mediterranean region under climate change, 2016
Oleaster and olive, a long history of man-forest interactions An average of 2.5 million tons of o... more Oleaster and olive, a long history of man-forest interactions An average of 2.5 million tons of olive oil is produced annually at global level (COI 2015). Mediterranean countries from the EU and from southern and eastern Mediterranean regions still represent the major exporters. The amounts consumed in source areas are difficult to evaluate, although olive oil is a major element of local diets and health. Understanding the historical and cultural bonds and associated empirical knowledge devel..
Humans have favored the presence of Ficus species within anthropogenic landscapes and near human ... more Humans have favored the presence of Ficus species within anthropogenic landscapes and near human settlements throughout the planet due to a number of beliefs and for practical purposes. An intimate or mutualistic relationship between Ficus spp and human societies has been suggested but explanations about the motivations of these proximities between humans and Ficus remain very fragmentary. The case study presented in this paper, which was conducted in the sacred hills located in the surroundings of an urban area, Antananarivo, capital city of Madagascar, inhabited by the Merina, aims at finding some answers to the following two questions. To what extent are Ficus species integrated into the ecologies of human groups, understood here as interactions between humans (social, political and economic dimensions)? 2) Do humans introduce Ficus species into new habitats, potentially offering new ecological opportunities? This study builds on initial work conducted in Madagascar in the region of Fianarantsoa in Betsileo rural communities. Results shown in this paper suggest that: 1) the kings of Imerina, the region located in the northeastern part of the High Plateau of Madagascar, have planted Ficus species abundantly, especially Ficus lutea Vahl and Ficus. polita Vahl, to claim ownership upon new territories of the Imerina and symbolically establish their political hegemony. Marriages with women from non-Merina cultural groups, such as the Sakalava inhabiting the Western Coast, and the use of Ficus species as symbols of power has contributed, with other activities, to the unification process of Madagascar; 2) The ecological distribution of F. lutea has been substantially manipulated by people from Imerina by planting this species quite abundantly in the sacred hills surrounding Antananarivo, an area where this species is at its ecological limit of distribution and also in faraway places such as the Western coast where the tree is not naturally distributed.
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2020
Working with indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is vital for inclusive assessments of nature an... more Working with indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is vital for inclusive assessments of nature and nature's linkages. Indigenous peoples' concepts about what constitutes sustainability, for example, differ markedly from dominant sustainability discourses. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services (IPBES) is promoting dialogue across different knowledge systems globally. In 2017, member states of IPBES adopted an ILK Approach including: procedures for assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people; a participatory mechanism; and institutional arrangements for including indigenous peoples and local communities. We present this Approach and analyse how it supports ILK in IPBES assessments through: respecting rights; supporting care and mutuality; strengthening communities and their knowledge systems; and supporting knowledge exchange. Customary institutions that ensure the integrity of ILK, effective empowering dialogues, and shared governance are among critical capacities that enable inclusion of diverse conceptualization of sustainability in assessments. Response to Reviewers: Please refer to attached "response to reviewers" Additional Information: Question Response Does your submission include Data in Brief? If so, please upload all Data in Brief files (completed Word template and any relevant data files) as a single zip file, and select "Data in Brief" as File Type. My submission does not include Data in Brief. Does your submission include a method article (optional)? If so, please upload all MethodsX files (completed Word template and any relevant data files) as a single zip file and select "MethodsX" as File Type. My submission does not contain a MethodsX article.
Multiple values of isolated individuals of Ficus tree species protected by Betsileo farmers in ru... more Multiple values of isolated individuals of Ficus tree species protected by Betsileo farmers in rural landscapes in Madagascar. Implications for biodiversity conservation-Manuscript Draft-Manuscript Number: BIOC-D-19-00008R2 Full Title: Multiple values of isolated individuals of Ficus tree species protected by Betsileo farmers in rural landscapes in Madagascar. Implications for biodiversity conservation Article Type: Original Research
Tuber melanosporum is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus from Mediterranean transitory ecosystems wh... more Tuber melanosporum is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus from Mediterranean transitory ecosystems where ECM trees start to dominate among arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) shrubs and herbs (companion plants). Its presence entails the development of 'brûlés', where 2 vegetation is scarce for unknown reasons. Current T. melanosporum production comes from plantations where management often suppresses the understory vegetation, although empirical knowledge advocates a positive role of some companion plants in truffle production. This study aimed at (i) experimentally testing the reciprocal interaction between T. melanosporum and companion plants and (ii) examining T. melanosporum-mediated soil feedback involved in the dynamics of truffle ground vegetation. Methods A three-year experiment was set up with Quercus ilex associated with T. melanosporum (or not, as control), grown in association (or not, as control) with a companion plant. Six companion plant species were chosen based on different empirical criteria including those indicated by local truffle growers' knowledge. A trait-based approach was applied to plants and associated fungi (abundance of T. melanosporum and AM fungi mycelium). Results-Conclusion Companion plants promoted the development of truffle mycelium. In the presence of T. melanosporum, companion plant growth and nutrition and AM fungi abundance decreased, while the nutrition status of its host increased. The truffle inhibited germination of weed seeds. These results highlight the role of T. melanosporum in mediating plant-plant interactions, possible mechanisms underlying brûlé formation and a potential successional role for T. melanosporum.
La loi du 1 er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n'autorisant, ... more La loi du 1 er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n'autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l'article L. 122-5, d'une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d'autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans le but d'exemple ou d'illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l'auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1 er de l'article L. 122-4). Cette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constituerait donc une contrefaçon passible des peines prévues au titre III de la loi précitée.
Les sociétés jbala et la nature Savoirs paysans autour des huiles d'olive, (zaytun, Olea europaea... more Les sociétés jbala et la nature Savoirs paysans autour des huiles d'olive, (zaytun, Olea europaea var. europaea) et d'oléastre, (əl-bərri, Olea europaea var. sylvestris) Rif, nord du Maroc De la reproduction des arbres aux pratiques alimentaires Farmer's knowledge around olive (zaytun, Olea europaea var. europaea)) and oleaster (əl-bərri, Olea europaea var. sylvestris) oils, Rif, Northern Morocco: From tree reproduction to food practices
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