UMR7041

Представлены результаты морфометрического и технологического ис-следования костяного инвентаря из погребений льяловской культуры могиль-ника Сахтыш IIа, хранящегося в археологическом музее ИвГУ. При обработке кости применялись такие технические приемы, как скобление, прорезание, пропиливание и заточка. Ключевые слова: неолит, могильник Сахтыш IIа, льяловская культура, погребальный инвентарь, обработка кости. The article presents the results of technological and morphometric research of bone inventory of burials Lyalovo culture cemetery Sahtysh IIa stored in the Archaeological Museum of ISU. In the treatment of bone such techniques as scraping, grooving, sawing and grinding were used.

This article proposes a historiographical overview of research carried out on the fracturing of hard animal materials (bone, antler). It covers the observations of fracturing on skeletal remains as early as the 19th century and the identification of its anthropic or taphonomic origins at the beginning of the 20th century. It also looks at the latest research focusing on specific technical and/or alimentary objectives at the beginning of the 21st century. From 2010-2011 the research team ‘Ethnologie préhistorique’ (UMR 7041, ArScAn) developed a new dynamic relating to the fracturing of hard animal materials within the general programme ‘Ressources animales: acquisition, transformation et utilisation’. This research benefited from previous studies, with a specific attention to the technical perspective. This article thus focuses on the technical exploitation of bone and antler and the production of potential blanks used for the manufacturing of ‘expedient’ tools. But inevitably it is necessary to consider the use of bone fracturing for alimentary purposes since it is often thought that bones were primarily fractured to extract the marrow.

The different issues regarding the fracturing sensu lato of bone and antler are discussed here (other materials such as shell, wood and ivory are discussed elsewhere in this volume). We do not intend to be exhaustive because the abundance of publications, from the 19th century to the present, is so great that a single book would not be enough.

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Since 2001, archaeological research has been conducted in the Molène Archipelago, an area that is particularly rich in remains from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, with an exceptional concentration of megalithic monuments. Several settlements are attested by the presence of domestic refuse dumps. At the point of Beg ar Loued (Molène Island), one of those shell middens was the object of an initial sondage in 2003, and that marked the beginning of a long series of excavations. Fieldwork took a decisive turn during the second year with the recognition of the first dry stone walls, belonging to a building preserved within the sand dunes. For nearly a decade, this site has been excavated by an interdisciplinary team. The data that have been obtained from this fieldwork provide information on the chronology of the various periods of occupation of the site and help to document the 3rd – 2nd millennium BC transition, a period still largely unknown in the northern half of France. In addition to providing a relative chronology, the architec¬tural approach gives us a better understanding of the choices that governed the different construction phases of the building, which was occupied for over three centuries. The elements of material culture (pottery, lithics, metalwork) also shed light on a period essentially known in Brittany through its funerary monuments. For the first time in this region, thanks to the preservation of organic remains, it is possible to sketch the lifestyle (livestock management, agriculture, fishing, shell gathering, etc.) of the people who occupied the shores of the Iroise Sea. In order to understand better the overall trends in this insular environment, new researches have been carried out on sea level changes in tandem with the study of the palaeoenvironment, geomorphology, geology and wildlife.