This data paper describes the multinational Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterran... more This data paper describes the multinational Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterranean region FFEM-DB that hosts data of 2,875 flood fatalities from 12 territories (nine of which represent entire countries) in Europe and the broader Mediterranean region from 1980 to 2020. The FFEM-DB database provides data on fatalities’ profiles, location, and contributing circumstances, allowing researchers and flood risk managers to explore demographic, behavioral, and situational factors, as well as environmental features of flood-related mortality. The standardized data collection and classification methodology enable comparison between regions beyond administrative boundaries. The FFEM-DB is expandable, regularly updated, publicly available, and with anonymized data. The key advantages of the FFEM-DB compared to existing datasets containing flood fatalities are its high level of detail, data accuracy, record completeness, and the large sample size from an extended area.
This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis aimed at investigating the response – in ... more This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis aimed at investigating the response – in terms of damage occurrence and development – of a masonry building undergoing settlements induced by a slow-moving landslide. The analysis is performed by applying the Equivalent Frame Method to a model representative of a low-rise building with shallow foundations located in the historic centre of Lungro town (Calabria region, southern Italy). As a main novelty, data collected by way of both conventional (i.e. inclinometers) and innovative (i.e. DInSAR) monitoring techniques are used to derive the three-dimensional settlement trough to be imposed to the building model’s foundation in the numerical analyses. The obtained outcomes are compared with information gathered from multi-temporal damage surveys to the modeled building. Based on previous studies aimed at typifying the slow-moving landslides, the results obtained could concur to the generation of certain building-foundation-landslide typified models helpful for damage forecasting at the municipal scale.
FFEM-DB (Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterranean region) is a database which con... more FFEM-DB (Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterranean region) is a database which contains 2.875 cases of flood fatalities that occurred throughout 41 years (1980–2020) in 12 study areas in Euro-Mediterranean area (Cyprus; Czech Republic; Germany; Greece; Israel; Italy; Portugal; Turkey; United Kingdom; the Spanish regions of Balearic Islands and Catalonia, and the Mediterranean regions of South France). FFEM-DB provides not only the number of fatalities, but also detailed information about the profile of victims and the circumstances of the accidents. Flood fatality cases are georeferenced using NUTS 3 level (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics), allowing analyses of fatality distribution in respect to geographic and demographic data.
EUFF 2.0 (EUropean Flood Fatalities) is a database which contains 2.875 cases of flood fatalities... more EUFF 2.0 (EUropean Flood Fatalities) is a database which contains 2.875 cases of flood fatalities that occurred throughout 41 years (1980–2020) in 12 study areas in Europe (Cyprus; Czech Republic; Germany; Greece; Israel; Italy; Portugal; Turkey; United Kingdom; the Spanish regions of Balearic Islands and Catalonia, and the Mediterranean regions of South France). EUFF 2.0 provides not only the number of fatalities, but also detailed information about the profile of victims and the circumstances of the accidents. Flood fatality cases are georeferenced using NUTS 3 level (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics), allowing analyses of fatality distribution in respect to geographic and demographic data.
The first version of EUFF (EUropean Flood Fatalities) contained 2466 FFs which occurred during a ... more The first version of EUFF (EUropean Flood Fatalities) contained 2466 FFs which occurred during a 39-year period (1980–2018) in 8 Euro-Mediterranean countries that are further divided into 9 study areas (Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Portugal, South France, Catalonia and Balearic Islands). This database is an updated version of EUFF, improved throughout the introduction of new data and details of flood fatalities emerged from ongoing historical research in the Czech Republic and South France study areas. EUFF contains 2483 flood fatalities, which occurred during the same period (1980–2018) in the above-mentioned study areas. The methodological approach is based on the systematic collection of data about floods that killed any people, which are named here as flood events. All cases of flood events triggered by rainfall were included, without severity thresholds: EUFF contains all the cases of flood events, independently of the number of fatalities per flood event.The ...
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2014
The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of severe weather... more The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of severe weather affecting wide regions for several days, and during which landslides and floods cause economic damage and there are victims. The great variability of DHEs in both space and time is the cause of one of the main problems to solve in performing analyses of these events. Dealing with events affecting wide areas for several days, it is problematic to isolate the rainy days that can be considered as factors triggering the observed damaging phenomena. We develop a methodological approach aiming to select and analyse rainfall events that triggered damage. The analysis allows the highlighting of some seasonal characteristics of Calabrian DHEs. The approach can be used for an in-depth analysis leading to the identification of both rainfall thresholds for DHE triggering and rain/damage relationships.
Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE) are defined as rainy periods during which landslides and fl... more Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE) are defined as rainy periods during which landslides and floods can damage people. The paper investigated the effects of DHE on people living in Calabria (southern Italy) in the period 2000–2014, using data coming from the systematic survey of regional newspapers. Data about <q>fatalities</q>, people <q>injured</q> and people <q>involved</q> (not killed neither hurt) were stored in the database named PEOPLE, made of three sections: (1) event identification, (2) victim-event interaction, (3) effects on people. The outcomes highlighted vulnerability factors related to gender and age: males were killed more frequently (75 %) than females (25 %), and fatalities were older (average age 49 years) than injured (40.1 years) and involved people (40.5 years). The average ages of females killed (67.5 years), injured (43.4 years) and involved (44.6 years) were higher than the same values assessed for males, maybe indicati...
Summary Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are periods of severe weather conditions affecting... more Summary Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are periods of severe weather conditions affecting wide areas for several days, and causing mainly damaging landslides and floods. In order to characterise the DHEs, we analysed the historical series of the events that affected a Mediterranean region (Calabria, southern Italy) throughout 92 years of observation. Depending on their magnitude, we classified the events as: major catastrophic, catastrophic, extraordinary and ordinary. In winter events, damaged areas and damage were greater than those resulting from the other seasons. Nevertheless, the majority of the events took place in autumn, when, in addition to landslides, a relevant percentage of flash floods and floods also occurred. Results also show that the frequency of major catastrophic and catastrophic events has decreased since 1971, and that, in recent decades, Calabria has suffered from damaging effects even though rain did not reached extreme characteristics. In fact, the duration of triggering rain, the maximum daily rain of the events and the out coming frequency of the high return period of rain show a decreasing pattern throughout the study period. As to what concerns the damaging phenomena, landslides were identified as the most frequent in every season and in every type of events, the eastern side of the region was the most frequently and heavily damaged. According to literature, the trend of number of victims per event is also decreasing. The proposed analysis can be applied to different study areas in order to assess the relative magnitude of DHEs and their evolution throughout the years. The classification criterion can be useful to compare different events for either scientific or insurance purposes, and to identify the typical rainfall-damage scenario of a study area.
ABSTRACT The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of sever... more ABSTRACT The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of severe weather affecting wide regions for several days, and during which landslides and floods cause economic damage and victims. The great variability of DHEs, in both space and time, is the cause of one of main problems to solve in performing the analysis of these events. Dealing with events affecting wide areas for several days, it is challenging to isolate the rainy days that can be considered as triggering factors of the observed damaging phenomena. In this paper we consider 30 catastrophic DHEs which occurred in Calabria (southern Italy) between 1981 and 2010, and we develop a methodological approach aiming to both select and analyze rainfall events that triggered damage. The performed analysis allows highlighting some seasonal characteristics of Calabrian DHEs. More in general, the proposed approach can be used in regions affected by DHEs for which damage and rainfall data are available. Practical results that could be obtained concern: a) individuation of rainfall thresholds for the triggering of DHEs, at both regional and sub-regional scale; b) individuation of relationships between temporal distribution of rain and types of phenomena triggered; c) individuation of rain/damage relationships at sub-regional scale; and d) analysis of the pattern of rainy days which triggered a long historical series of DHEs, in order to highlight if the most recent events affecting the study area were mainly caused by short and intense rain, as it seems the tendency related to the climate change.
Abstract. Despite the current developments in flood forecasting and emergency management, floods ... more Abstract. Despite the current developments in flood forecasting and emergency management, floods still consist a significant threat to people and properties. At a national level in Europe, data on flood fatalities are fragmentary and they are mainly focused on death toll, without providing further details regarding victims' characteristics or the circumstances under which the deadly events have taken place. However, such details could enlighten us on what happened wrong when there was a victim due to a flood, and what measures should be taken in order to avoid similar events in the future. This paper presents the EUFF 2020 database (EUropean Flood Fatalities-FF) (EUropean Flood Fatalities-FF) ( https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:489d8a13-1075-4d2f-accb-db7790e4542f , Petrucci et al., 2020) which collects data from 2483 flood deadly cases occurred in a 39-year period (1980–2018) in 8 countries and 9 (two belong in Spain) study areas (Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Portu...
This data paper describes the multinational Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterran... more This data paper describes the multinational Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterranean region FFEM-DB that hosts data of 2,875 flood fatalities from 12 territories (nine of which represent entire countries) in Europe and the broader Mediterranean region from 1980 to 2020. The FFEM-DB database provides data on fatalities’ profiles, location, and contributing circumstances, allowing researchers and flood risk managers to explore demographic, behavioral, and situational factors, as well as environmental features of flood-related mortality. The standardized data collection and classification methodology enable comparison between regions beyond administrative boundaries. The FFEM-DB is expandable, regularly updated, publicly available, and with anonymized data. The key advantages of the FFEM-DB compared to existing datasets containing flood fatalities are its high level of detail, data accuracy, record completeness, and the large sample size from an extended area.
This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis aimed at investigating the response – in ... more This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis aimed at investigating the response – in terms of damage occurrence and development – of a masonry building undergoing settlements induced by a slow-moving landslide. The analysis is performed by applying the Equivalent Frame Method to a model representative of a low-rise building with shallow foundations located in the historic centre of Lungro town (Calabria region, southern Italy). As a main novelty, data collected by way of both conventional (i.e. inclinometers) and innovative (i.e. DInSAR) monitoring techniques are used to derive the three-dimensional settlement trough to be imposed to the building model’s foundation in the numerical analyses. The obtained outcomes are compared with information gathered from multi-temporal damage surveys to the modeled building. Based on previous studies aimed at typifying the slow-moving landslides, the results obtained could concur to the generation of certain building-foundation-landslide typified models helpful for damage forecasting at the municipal scale.
FFEM-DB (Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterranean region) is a database which con... more FFEM-DB (Database of Flood Fatalities from the Euro-Mediterranean region) is a database which contains 2.875 cases of flood fatalities that occurred throughout 41 years (1980–2020) in 12 study areas in Euro-Mediterranean area (Cyprus; Czech Republic; Germany; Greece; Israel; Italy; Portugal; Turkey; United Kingdom; the Spanish regions of Balearic Islands and Catalonia, and the Mediterranean regions of South France). FFEM-DB provides not only the number of fatalities, but also detailed information about the profile of victims and the circumstances of the accidents. Flood fatality cases are georeferenced using NUTS 3 level (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics), allowing analyses of fatality distribution in respect to geographic and demographic data.
EUFF 2.0 (EUropean Flood Fatalities) is a database which contains 2.875 cases of flood fatalities... more EUFF 2.0 (EUropean Flood Fatalities) is a database which contains 2.875 cases of flood fatalities that occurred throughout 41 years (1980–2020) in 12 study areas in Europe (Cyprus; Czech Republic; Germany; Greece; Israel; Italy; Portugal; Turkey; United Kingdom; the Spanish regions of Balearic Islands and Catalonia, and the Mediterranean regions of South France). EUFF 2.0 provides not only the number of fatalities, but also detailed information about the profile of victims and the circumstances of the accidents. Flood fatality cases are georeferenced using NUTS 3 level (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics), allowing analyses of fatality distribution in respect to geographic and demographic data.
The first version of EUFF (EUropean Flood Fatalities) contained 2466 FFs which occurred during a ... more The first version of EUFF (EUropean Flood Fatalities) contained 2466 FFs which occurred during a 39-year period (1980–2018) in 8 Euro-Mediterranean countries that are further divided into 9 study areas (Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Portugal, South France, Catalonia and Balearic Islands). This database is an updated version of EUFF, improved throughout the introduction of new data and details of flood fatalities emerged from ongoing historical research in the Czech Republic and South France study areas. EUFF contains 2483 flood fatalities, which occurred during the same period (1980–2018) in the above-mentioned study areas. The methodological approach is based on the systematic collection of data about floods that killed any people, which are named here as flood events. All cases of flood events triggered by rainfall were included, without severity thresholds: EUFF contains all the cases of flood events, independently of the number of fatalities per flood event.The ...
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2014
The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of severe weather... more The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of severe weather affecting wide regions for several days, and during which landslides and floods cause economic damage and there are victims. The great variability of DHEs in both space and time is the cause of one of the main problems to solve in performing analyses of these events. Dealing with events affecting wide areas for several days, it is problematic to isolate the rainy days that can be considered as factors triggering the observed damaging phenomena. We develop a methodological approach aiming to select and analyse rainfall events that triggered damage. The analysis allows the highlighting of some seasonal characteristics of Calabrian DHEs. The approach can be used for an in-depth analysis leading to the identification of both rainfall thresholds for DHE triggering and rain/damage relationships.
Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE) are defined as rainy periods during which landslides and fl... more Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE) are defined as rainy periods during which landslides and floods can damage people. The paper investigated the effects of DHE on people living in Calabria (southern Italy) in the period 2000–2014, using data coming from the systematic survey of regional newspapers. Data about <q>fatalities</q>, people <q>injured</q> and people <q>involved</q> (not killed neither hurt) were stored in the database named PEOPLE, made of three sections: (1) event identification, (2) victim-event interaction, (3) effects on people. The outcomes highlighted vulnerability factors related to gender and age: males were killed more frequently (75 %) than females (25 %), and fatalities were older (average age 49 years) than injured (40.1 years) and involved people (40.5 years). The average ages of females killed (67.5 years), injured (43.4 years) and involved (44.6 years) were higher than the same values assessed for males, maybe indicati...
Summary Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are periods of severe weather conditions affecting... more Summary Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are periods of severe weather conditions affecting wide areas for several days, and causing mainly damaging landslides and floods. In order to characterise the DHEs, we analysed the historical series of the events that affected a Mediterranean region (Calabria, southern Italy) throughout 92 years of observation. Depending on their magnitude, we classified the events as: major catastrophic, catastrophic, extraordinary and ordinary. In winter events, damaged areas and damage were greater than those resulting from the other seasons. Nevertheless, the majority of the events took place in autumn, when, in addition to landslides, a relevant percentage of flash floods and floods also occurred. Results also show that the frequency of major catastrophic and catastrophic events has decreased since 1971, and that, in recent decades, Calabria has suffered from damaging effects even though rain did not reached extreme characteristics. In fact, the duration of triggering rain, the maximum daily rain of the events and the out coming frequency of the high return period of rain show a decreasing pattern throughout the study period. As to what concerns the damaging phenomena, landslides were identified as the most frequent in every season and in every type of events, the eastern side of the region was the most frequently and heavily damaged. According to literature, the trend of number of victims per event is also decreasing. The proposed analysis can be applied to different study areas in order to assess the relative magnitude of DHEs and their evolution throughout the years. The classification criterion can be useful to compare different events for either scientific or insurance purposes, and to identify the typical rainfall-damage scenario of a study area.
ABSTRACT The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of sever... more ABSTRACT The paper deals with Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs), defined as periods of severe weather affecting wide regions for several days, and during which landslides and floods cause economic damage and victims. The great variability of DHEs, in both space and time, is the cause of one of main problems to solve in performing the analysis of these events. Dealing with events affecting wide areas for several days, it is challenging to isolate the rainy days that can be considered as triggering factors of the observed damaging phenomena. In this paper we consider 30 catastrophic DHEs which occurred in Calabria (southern Italy) between 1981 and 2010, and we develop a methodological approach aiming to both select and analyze rainfall events that triggered damage. The performed analysis allows highlighting some seasonal characteristics of Calabrian DHEs. More in general, the proposed approach can be used in regions affected by DHEs for which damage and rainfall data are available. Practical results that could be obtained concern: a) individuation of rainfall thresholds for the triggering of DHEs, at both regional and sub-regional scale; b) individuation of relationships between temporal distribution of rain and types of phenomena triggered; c) individuation of rain/damage relationships at sub-regional scale; and d) analysis of the pattern of rainy days which triggered a long historical series of DHEs, in order to highlight if the most recent events affecting the study area were mainly caused by short and intense rain, as it seems the tendency related to the climate change.
Abstract. Despite the current developments in flood forecasting and emergency management, floods ... more Abstract. Despite the current developments in flood forecasting and emergency management, floods still consist a significant threat to people and properties. At a national level in Europe, data on flood fatalities are fragmentary and they are mainly focused on death toll, without providing further details regarding victims' characteristics or the circumstances under which the deadly events have taken place. However, such details could enlighten us on what happened wrong when there was a victim due to a flood, and what measures should be taken in order to avoid similar events in the future. This paper presents the EUFF 2020 database (EUropean Flood Fatalities-FF) (EUropean Flood Fatalities-FF) ( https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:489d8a13-1075-4d2f-accb-db7790e4542f , Petrucci et al., 2020) which collects data from 2483 flood deadly cases occurred in a 39-year period (1980–2018) in 8 countries and 9 (two belong in Spain) study areas (Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Portu...
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