> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://cloudinary.com/documentation/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Transformation URL API reference The Transformation URL API enables you to deliver media assets, including a large variety of on-the-fly transformations through the use of URL parameters. This reference provides comprehensive coverage of all available URL transformation parameters, including syntax, value details, and examples. > **See also:**: > > * [Image transformation guide](image_transformations) > * [Video transformation guide](video_manipulation_and_delivery) > * [Transformation basics video tutorial](transformation_basics_tutorial) ## Parameter Index Use this index to find specific transformation parameters. Each parameter page includes syntax details, supported values, and code examples. Each parameter is tagged with its applicability: [images], [videos], or [images, videos]. If only one type is listed, the parameter does not apply to the other. - **[Overview](transformation_reference_overview.md)** [images, videos]: Overview of the Transformation URL API URL structure, parameter types, and SDK usage. - **[Troubleshooting transformation errors](transformation_reference_troubleshooting_transformation_errors.md)** [images, videos]: Troubleshooting guidance for transformation errors, including the X-Cld-Error header and common issues. - **[.\](transformation_reference_extension.md)** [images, videos]: Control the output format via the URL file extension (.jpg, .png, .webp, etc.). - **[a (angle)](transformation_reference_a_angle.md)** [images, videos]: Rotates or flips an asset by the specified number of degrees or automatically according to its orientation or available metadata. Multiple modes can be applied by [concatenating their values with a dot](transformation_reference_a_angle.md#dot_rotation). - **[ac (audio codec)](transformation_reference_ac_audio_codec.md)** [videos]: Sets the audio codec. - **[af (audio frequency)](transformation_reference_af_audio_frequency.md)** [videos]: Caps the audio sampling frequency at the specified value. If the source audio uses a higher frequency, Cloudinary downsamples it to the specified value. - **[ar (aspect ratio)](transformation_reference_ar_aspect_ratio.md)** [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that crops or resizes the asset to a new aspect ratio, for use with a crop/resize mode that determines how the asset is adjusted to the new dimensions. - **[b (background)](transformation_reference_b_background.md)** [images, videos]: Applies a background to empty or transparent areas. (4 sub-pages) - [\](transformation_reference_b_background_color_value.md) [images, videos]: Applies the specified background color on transparent background areas in an image. - [auto](transformation_reference_b_background_auto.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that automatically selects the background color based on one or more predominant colors in the image, for use with one of the padding crop mode transformations. - [blurred](transformation_reference_b_background_blurred.md) [videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that generates a blurred version of the same video to use as the background with the corresponding padded cropping transformation. - [gen_fill](transformation_reference_b_background_gen_fill.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that automatically fills the padded area using generative AI to extend the image seamlessly. Optionally include a prompt to guide the image generation. - **[bl (baseline)](transformation_reference_bl_baseline.md)** [images, videos]: Establishes a baseline transformation from a [named transformation](named_transformations). The baseline transformation is cached, so when re-used with other transformation parameters, the baseline part of the transformation does not have to be re... - **[bo (border)](transformation_reference_bo_border.md)** [images, videos]: Adds a solid border around an image or video. - **[br (bitrate)](transformation_reference_br_bitrate.md)** [videos]: Controls the bitrate for audio or video files in bits per second. Includes the option to use either variable bitrate (default), with the bitrate value indicating the maximum bitrate, or constant bitrate. - **[c (crop/resize)](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize.md)** [images, videos]: Changes the size of the delivered asset according to the requested width & height dimensions. (16 sub-pages) - [auto](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_auto.md) [images]: Automatically determines the best crop based on the gravity and specified dimensions. - [auto_pad](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_auto_pad.md) [images]: Tries to prevent a "bad crop" by first attempting to use the `auto` cropping mode, but adding some padding if the algorithm determines that more of the original image needs to be included in the final image. - [crop](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_crop.md) [images, videos]: Extracts the specified size from the original image without distorting or scaling the delivered asset. - [fill](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_fill.md) [images, videos]: Creates an asset with the exact specified width and height without distorting the asset. This option first scales as much as needed to at least fill both of the specified dimensions. - [fill_pad](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_fill_pad.md) [images, videos]: Tries to prevent a "bad crop" by first attempting to use the `fill` mode, but adding some padding if the algorithm determines that more of the original image needs to be included in the final image, or if more content in specific frames in a video... - [fit](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_fit.md) [images, videos]: Scales the asset up or down so that it takes up as much space as possible within a bounding box defined by the specified dimension parameters without cropping any of it. The original aspect ratio is retained and all of the original image is visible. - [imagga_crop](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_imagga_crop.md) [images]: Requires the [Imagga Crop and Scale add-on](imagga_crop_and_scale_addon). The Imagga Crop and Scale add-on can be used to smartly crop your images based on areas of interest within each specific photo as automatically calculated by the Imagga algo... - [imagga_scale](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_imagga_scale.md) [images]: Requires the [Imagga Crop and Scale add-on](imagga_crop_and_scale_addon). The Imagga Crop and Scale add-on can be used to smartly scale your images based on automatically calculated areas of interest within each specific photo. - [lfill](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_lfill.md) [images]: The `lfill` (limit fill) mode is the same as [fill](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_fill.md#c_fill) but only if the original image is larger than the specified resolution limits, in which case the image is scaled down to fill the specified width and height without distorting the image,... - [limit](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_limit.md) [images, videos]: Same as the [fit](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_fit.md#c_fit) mode but only if the original asset is larger than the specified limit (width and height), in which case the asset is scaled down so that it takes up as much space as possible within a bounding box defined by the specifie... - [lpad](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_lpad.md) [images, videos]: The `lpad` (limit pad) mode is the same as [pad](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_pad.md#c_pad) but only if the original asset is larger than the specified limit (width and height), in which case the asset is scaled down to fill the specified width and height while retaining the origin... - [mfit](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_mfit.md) [images]: The `mfit` (minimum fit) mode is the same as [fit](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_fit.md#c_fit) but only if the original image is smaller than the specified minimum (width and height), in which case the image is scaled up so that it takes up as much space as possible within a boundin... - [mpad](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_mpad.md) [images]: The `mpad` (minimum pad) mode applies padding to fill the whole area specified by the dimensions if those dimensions are larger than the original image's dimensions. - [pad](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_pad.md) [images, videos]: Resizes the asset to fill the specified width and height while retaining the original aspect ratio (by default) and with all of the original asset visible. - [scale](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_scale.md) [images, videos]: Resizes the asset exactly to the specified width and height. All original asset parts are visible, but might be stretched or squashed if the dimensions you request have a different aspect ratio than the original. - [thumb](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_thumb.md) [images]: Creates image thumbnails based on a gravity position. Must always be accompanied by the [g (gravity)](transformation_reference_g_gravity.md#g_gravity) parameter. - **[co (color)](transformation_reference_co_color.md)** [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that specifies the color to use with the corresponding transformation. - **[cs (color space)](transformation_reference_cs_color_space.md)** [images, videos]: Controls the color space (RGB, sRGB, CMYK, custom ICC, etc) used for the delivered image or video. If you don't include this parameter in your transformation, the color space of the original asset is generally retained. - **[d (default image)](transformation_reference_d_default_image.md)** [images]: Specifies a backup placeholder image to be delivered in the case that the actual requested delivery image or social media picture does not exist. Any requested transformations are applied on the placeholder image as well. - **[dl (delay)](transformation_reference_dl_delay.md)** [images, videos]: Controls the time delay between the frames of a delivered animated image. (The source asset can be an image or a video.) - **[dn (density)](transformation_reference_dn_density.md)** [images]: Controls the density to use when delivering an image or when converting a vector file such as a PDF or EPS document to a web image delivery format. - **[dpr (DPR)](transformation_reference_dpr_dpr.md)** [images, videos]: Sets the device pixel ratio (DPR) for the delivered image or video using a specified value or automatically based on the requesting device. - **[dr (dynamic range)](transformation_reference_dr_dynamic_range.md)** [videos]: Sets the dynamic range for video output, controlling whether the video is delivered in HDR (High Dynamic Range) or SDR (Standard Dynamic Range). - **[du (duration)](transformation_reference_du_duration.md)** [videos]: Sets the duration (in seconds) of a video or audio clip. - **[e (effect)](transformation_reference_e_effect.md)** [images, videos]: Applies the specified effect to an asset. (87 sub-pages) - [accelerate](transformation_reference_e_effect_accelerate.md) [videos]: Speeds up the video playback by the specified percentage. - [adv_redeye](transformation_reference_e_effect_adv_redeye.md) [images]: Requires the [Advanced Facial Attribute Detection add-on](advanced_facial_attributes_detection_addon).Automatically removes red eyes from an image. - [anti_removal](transformation_reference_e_effect_anti_removal.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that slightly distorts the corresponding image overlay to prevent easy removal. - [art](transformation_reference_e_effect_art.md) [images]: Applies the selected artistic filter. - [auto_brightness](transformation_reference_e_effect_auto_brightness.md) [images]: Automatically adjusts the image brightness and blends the result with the original image. - [auto_color](transformation_reference_e_effect_auto_color.md) [images]: Automatically adjusts the image color balance and blends the result with the original image. - [auto_contrast](transformation_reference_e_effect_auto_contrast.md) [images]: Automatically adjusts the image contrast and blends the result with the original image. - [auto_enhance](transformation_reference_e_effect_auto_enhance.md) [images]: Uses AI to automatically enhance an image by optimizing its quality based on the detected quality. If the image is already high quality, only minor adjustments are made. - [assist_colorblind](transformation_reference_e_effect_assist_colorblind.md) [images]: Applies stripes or color adjustment to help people with common color blind conditions to differentiate between colors that are similar for them. - [background_removal](transformation_reference_e_effect_background_removal.md) [images]: Makes the background of an image transparent. - [bgremoval](transformation_reference_e_effect_bgremoval.md) [images]: Makes the background of an image transparent (or solid white for JPGs). Use when the background is a uniform color. - [blackwhite](transformation_reference_e_effect_blackwhite.md) [images]: Converts an image to black and white. - [blue](transformation_reference_e_effect_blue.md) [images]: Adjust an image's blue channel. - [blur](transformation_reference_e_effect_blur.md) [images, videos]: Applies a blurring filter to an asset. - [blur_faces](transformation_reference_e_effect_blur_faces.md) [images]: Blurs all detected faces in an image. - [blur_region](transformation_reference_e_effect_blur_region.md) [images]: Applies a blurring filter to the region of an image specified by x, y, width and height, or an area of text. If no region is specified, the whole image is blurred. - [boomerang](transformation_reference_e_effect_boomerang.md) [videos]: Causes a video clip to play forwards and then backwards. - [brightness](transformation_reference_e_effect_brightness.md) [images, videos]: Adjusts the image or video brightness. - [brightness_hsb](transformation_reference_e_effect_brightness_hsb.md) [images]: Adjusts image brightness modulation in HSB to prevent artifacts in some images. - [camera](transformation_reference_e_effect_camera.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that lets you customize a 2D image captured from a 3D model, as if a photo is being taken by a camera. - [cartoonify](transformation_reference_e_effect_cartoonify.md) [images]: Applies a cartoon effect to an image. - [colorize](transformation_reference_e_effect_colorize.md) [images]: Colorizes an image. By default, gray is used for colorization. You can specify a different color using the color [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types). - [contrast](transformation_reference_e_effect_contrast.md) [images, videos]: Adjusts an image or video contrast. - [cut_out](transformation_reference_e_effect_cut_out.md) [images]: Trims pixels according to the transparency levels of a specified overlay image. Wherever an overlay image is transparent, the original is shown, and wherever an overlay is opaque, the resulting image is transparent. - [deshake](transformation_reference_e_effect_deshake.md) [videos]: Removes small motion shifts from a video. Useful for non-professional (user-generated content) videos. - [displace](transformation_reference_e_effect_displace.md) [images]: Displaces the pixels in an image according to the color channels of the pixels in another specified image (a gradient map specified with the overlay parameter). At least one of the following: [x, y (x & y coordinates)](transformation_reference_x_y_x_y_coordinates.md#x_y_coordinates) - [distort](transformation_reference_e_effect_distort.md) [images]: Distorts an image to a new shape by either adjusting its [corners](transformation_reference_e_effect_distort.md#e_distort_corners) or by warping it into an [arc](transformation_reference_e_effect_distort.md#e_distort_arc). - [dropshadow](transformation_reference_e_effect_dropshadow.md) [images]: Adds a shadow to the object(s) in an image. Specify the angle and spread of the light source causing the shadow. - [embed_clipping_path](transformation_reference_e_effect_embed_clipping_path.md) [images]: Converts a mask image, referenced via a [user-defined variable](user_defined_variables#image_buffer_references), into a clipping path and embeds it into the output image metadata. - [enhance](transformation_reference_e_effect_enhance.md) [images]: Uses AI to analyze an image and make adjustments to enhance the appeal of the image, such as: - [extract](transformation_reference_e_effect_extract.md) [images]: Extracts an area or multiple areas of an image, described in natural language. You can choose to keep the content of the extracted area(s) and make the rest of the image transparent (like background removal), or make the extracted area(s) transpar... - [fade](transformation_reference_e_effect_fade.md) [images, videos]: Fades into, or out of, an animated GIF or video. You can chain fade effects to both fade into and out of the media. - [fill_light](transformation_reference_e_effect_fill_light.md) [images]: Adjusts the fill light and optionally blends the result with the original image. - [gamma](transformation_reference_e_effect_gamma.md) [images, videos]: Adjusts the image or video gamma level. - [gen_background_replace](transformation_reference_e_effect_gen_background_replace.md) [images]: Replaces the background of an image with an AI-generated background. If no prompt is specified, the background is based on the contents of the image. Otherwise, the background is based on the natural language prompt specified. - [gen_recolor](transformation_reference_e_effect_gen_recolor.md) [images]: Uses generative AI to recolor parts of your image, maintaining the relative shading. Specify one or more prompts and the color to change them to. - [gen_remove](transformation_reference_e_effect_gen_remove.md) [images]: Uses generative AI to remove unwanted parts of your image, replacing the area with realistic pixels. Specify either one or more prompts or one or more regions. - [gen_replace](transformation_reference_e_effect_gen_replace.md) [images]: Uses generative AI to replace parts of your image with something else. Use the `preserve-geometry` parameter to fill exactly the same shape with the replacement. - [gen_restore](transformation_reference_e_effect_gen_restore.md) [images]: Uses generative AI to restore details in poor quality images or images that may have become degraded through repeated processing and compression. - [gradient_fade](transformation_reference_e_effect_gradient_fade.md) [images]: Applies a gradient fade effect from the edge of an image. Use x or y to indicate from which edge to fade; values can be a percentage (0.0 to 1.0) or pixels. Positive values fade from top/left, negative from bottom/right. - [grayscale](transformation_reference_e_effect_grayscale.md) [images]: Converts an image to grayscale (multiple shades of gray). - [green](transformation_reference_e_effect_green.md) [images]: Adjust an image's green channel. - [hue](transformation_reference_e_effect_hue.md) [images]: Adjusts an image's hue. - [improve](transformation_reference_e_effect_improve.md) [images]: Adjusts an image's colors, contrast and brightness to improve its appearance. - [light](transformation_reference_e_effect_light.md) [images]: When generating a 2D image from a 3D model, this effect introduces a light source to cast a shadow. You can control the intensity of the shadow that's cast. - [loop](transformation_reference_e_effect_loop.md) [images, videos]: Loops a video or animated image the specified number of times. - [make_transparent](transformation_reference_e_effect_make_transparent.md) [images, videos]: Makes the background of an image or video transparent (or solid white for formats that do not support transparency). - [mask](transformation_reference_e_effect_mask.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that uses an image layer as a mask to hide, reveal, or change the opacity of the layer below it. - [morphology](transformation_reference_e_effect_morphology.md) [images]: Applies kernels of various sizes and shapes to an image using different methods to achieve effects such as image blurring and sharpening. - [multiply](transformation_reference_e_effect_multiply.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that blends image layers using the **multiply** blend mode, whereby the RGB channel numbers for each pixel from the top layer are multiplied by the values for the corresponding pixel from the bottom layer. - [negate](transformation_reference_e_effect_negate.md) [images]: Creates a negative of an image. - [noise](transformation_reference_e_effect_noise.md) [videos]: Adds visual noise to the video, visible as a random flicker of "dots" or "snow". - [oil_paint](transformation_reference_e_effect_oil_paint.md) [images]: Applies an oil painting effect. - [opacity_threshold](transformation_reference_e_effect_opacity_threshold.md) [images]: Causes all semi-transparent pixels in an image to be either fully transparent or fully opaque. Specifically, each pixel with an opacity lower than the specified threshold level is set to an opacity of 0% (transparent). - [ordered_dither](transformation_reference_e_effect_ordered_dither.md) [images]: Applies an ordered dither filter to an image. - [outline](transformation_reference_e_effect_outline.md) [images]: Adds an outline effect to an image. Specify the color of the outline using the [co (color)](transformation_reference_co_color.md#co_color) qualifier. If no color is specified, the default outline is black. - [overlay](transformation_reference_e_effect_overlay.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that blends image layers using the **overlay** blend mode, which combines the [multiply](transformation_reference_e_effect_multiply.md#e_multiply) and [screen](transformation_reference_e_effect_screen.md#e_screen) blend modes. - [pixelate](transformation_reference_e_effect_pixelate.md) [images]: Applies a pixelation effect. - [pixelate_faces](transformation_reference_e_effect_pixelate_faces.md) [images]: Pixelates all detected faces in an image. - [pixelate_region](transformation_reference_e_effect_pixelate_region.md) [images]: Pixelates the region of an image specified by x, y, width and height, or an area of text. If no region is specified, the whole image is pixelated. - [preview](transformation_reference_e_effect_preview.md) [videos]: Generates a summary of a video based on Cloudinary's AI-powered preview algorithm, which identifies the most interesting video segments in a video and uses these to generate a video preview. - [progressbar](transformation_reference_e_effect_progressbar.md) [videos]: Adds a progress indicator overlay to a video. - [recolor](transformation_reference_e_effect_recolor.md) [images]: Converts the colors of every pixel in an image based on a supplied color matrix, in which the value of each color channel is calculated based on the values from all other channels (e.g. a 3x3 matrix for RGB, a 4x4 matrix for RGBA or CMYK, etc). - [red](transformation_reference_e_effect_red.md) [images]: Adjust an image's red channel. - [redeye](transformation_reference_e_effect_redeye.md) [images]: Automatically removes red eyes in an image. - [replace_color](transformation_reference_e_effect_replace_color.md) [images]: Maps an input color and those similar to the input color to corresponding shades of a specified output color, taking luminosity and chroma into account, in order to recolor an object in a natural way. - [reverse](transformation_reference_e_effect_reverse.md) [videos]: Plays a video or audio file in reverse. - [saturation](transformation_reference_e_effect_saturation.md) [images, videos]: Adjusts an image or video saturation level. - [screen](transformation_reference_e_effect_screen.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that blends image layers using the **screen** blend mode, whereby the RGB channel numbers of the pixels in the two layers are inverted, multiplied, and then inverted again. - [sepia](transformation_reference_e_effect_sepia.md) [images]: Changes the color scheme of an image to sepia. - [shadow](transformation_reference_e_effect_shadow.md) [images]: Adds a gray shadow to the bottom right of an image. You can change the color and location of the shadow using the color and x,y [qualifiers](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types). - [sharpen](transformation_reference_e_effect_sharpen.md) [images]: Applies a sharpening filter. - [shear](transformation_reference_e_effect_shear.md) [images]: Skews an image according to the two specified values in degrees. Negative values skew an image in the opposite direction. - [simulate_colorblind](transformation_reference_e_effect_simulate_colorblind.md) [images]: Simulates the way an image would appear to someone with the specified color blind condition. - [swap_image](transformation_reference_e_effect_swap_image.md) [images]: Replaces an image/texture in a 3D model. - [theme](transformation_reference_e_effect_theme.md) [images]: Changes the main background color to the one specified, as if a 'theme change' was applied (e.g. dark mode vs light mode). - [tint](transformation_reference_e_effect_tint.md) [images]: Blends an image with one or more tint colors at a specified intensity. You can optionally equalize colors before tinting and specify gradient blend positioning per color. - [transition](transformation_reference_e_effect_transition.md) [videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that applies a custom transition between two concatenated videos. - [trim](transformation_reference_e_effect_trim.md) [images]: Detects and removes image edges whose color is similar to the corner pixels or transparent. - [unsharp_mask](transformation_reference_e_effect_unsharp_mask.md) [images]: Applies an unsharp mask filter to an image. - [upscale](transformation_reference_e_effect_upscale.md) [images]: Uses AI-based prediction to add fine detail while upscaling small images. - [vectorize](transformation_reference_e_effect_vectorize.md) [images]: Vectorizes an image. The values can be specified either in an ordered manner according to the above syntax, or by name as shown in the examples below. - [vibrance](transformation_reference_e_effect_vibrance.md) [images]: Applies a vibrance filter to an image. - [viesus_correct](transformation_reference_e_effect_viesus_correct.md) [images]: Requires the [Viesus Automatic Image Enhancement add-on](viesus_automatic_image_enhancement_addon). Enhances an image to its best visual quality. - [vignette](transformation_reference_e_effect_vignette.md) [images]: Applies a vignette effect to an image. - [volume](transformation_reference_e_effect_volume.md) [videos]: Increases or decreases the volume on a video or audio file. - [zoompan](transformation_reference_e_effect_zoompan.md) [images]: Also known as the [Ken Burns effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Burns_effect), this transformation applies zooming and/or panning to an image, resulting in a video or animated GIF (depending on the format you specify by either changing the ... - **[eo (end offset)](transformation_reference_eo_end_offset.md)** [videos]: Specifies the last second to include in a video (or audio clip). This parameter is often used in conjunction with the [so (start offset)](transformation_reference_so_start_offset.md#so_start_offset) and/or [du (duration)](transformation_reference_du_duration.md#du_duration) parameters. - **[f (format)](transformation_reference_f_format.md)** [images, videos]: Converts (if necessary) and delivers an asset in the specified format regardless of the file [extension](transformation_reference_extension.md#_lt_extension_gt) used in the delivery URL. - **[fl (flag)](transformation_reference_fl_flag.md)** [images, videos]: Alters the regular behavior of another transformation or the overall delivery behavior. (45 sub-pages) - [alternate](transformation_reference_fl_flag_alternate.md) [videos]: Defines an audio layer to be used as an alternate audio track for videos delivered using [automatic streaming profile selection](adaptive_bitrate_streaming#automatic_streaming_profile_selection). - [animated](transformation_reference_fl_flag_animated.md) [videos]: Alters the regular video delivery behavior by delivering a video file as an animated image instead of a single frame image, when specifying an image format that supports both still and animated images, such as `webp` or `avif`. - [any_format](transformation_reference_fl_flag_any_format.md) [images]: Alters the regular behavior of the [q_auto](transformation_reference_q_quality.md#q_auto) parameter, allowing it to switch to PNG8 encoding if the automatic quality algorithm decides that's more efficient. - [apng](transformation_reference_fl_flag_apng.md) [images]: The `apng` (animated PNG) flag alters the regular PNG delivery behavior by delivering an animated image asset in animated PNG format rather than a still PNG image. Keep in mind that animated PNGs are not supported in all browsers and versions. - [attachment](transformation_reference_fl_flag_attachment.md) [images, videos]: Alters the regular delivery URL behavior, causing the URL link to download the (transformed) file as an attachment rather than embedding it in your Web page or application. - [awebp](transformation_reference_fl_flag_awebp.md) [images, videos]: The `awebp` (animated WebP) flag alters the regular WebP delivery behavior by delivering an animated image or video asset in animated WebP format rather than as a still WebP image. - [c2pa](transformation_reference_fl_flag_c2pa.md) [images]: Use the `c2pa` flag when delivering images that you want to be signed by Cloudinary for the purposes of C2PA (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity). - [clip](transformation_reference_fl_flag_clip.md) [images]: For images with a clipping path saved with the originally uploaded image (e.g. manually created using Photoshop), makes everything outside the clipping path transparent. - [clip_evenodd](transformation_reference_fl_flag_clip_evenodd.md) [images]: For images with a clipping path saved with the originally uploaded image, makes pixels transparent based on the clipping path using the 'evenodd' clipping rule to determine whether points are inside or outside of the path. - [cutter](transformation_reference_fl_flag_cutter.md) [images]: Trims the pixels on the base image according to the transparency levels of a specified overlay image. Where the overlay image is opaque, the original is kept and displayed, and wherever the overlay is transparent, the base image becomes transparen... - [draco](transformation_reference_fl_flag_draco.md) [images]: Optimizes the mesh buffer in glTF 3D models using [Draco compression](https://github.com/google/draco). - [force_icc](transformation_reference_fl_flag_force_icc.md) [images]: Adds ICC color space metadata to an image, even when the original image doesn't contain any ICC data. - [force_strip](transformation_reference_fl_flag_force_strip.md) [images]: Instructs Cloudinary to clear all image metadata (IPTC, Exif and XMP) while applying an [incoming transformation](eager_and_incoming_transformations#incoming_transformations). - [getinfo](transformation_reference_fl_flag_getinfo.md) [images, videos]: **For images**: returns information about both the input asset and the transformed output asset in JSON instead of delivering a transformed image. - [group4](transformation_reference_fl_flag_group4.md) [images]: Applies **Group 4 compression** to the image. Currently applicable to TIFF files only. If the original image is in color, it is transformed to black and white before the compression is applied. - [hlsv3](transformation_reference_fl_flag_hlsv3.md) [videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that delivers an HLS adaptive bitrate streaming file as HLS v3 instead of the default version (HLS v4). - [ignore_aspect_ratio](transformation_reference_fl_flag_ignore_aspect_ratio.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that adjusts the behavior of scale cropping. By default, when only one dimension (width or height) is supplied, the other dimension is automatically calculated to maintain the aspect ratio. - [ignore_mask_channels](transformation_reference_fl_flag_ignore_mask_channels.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that ensures that an alpha channel is not applied to a TIFF image if it is a mask channel. - [immutable_cache](transformation_reference_fl_flag_immutable_cache.md) [images]: Sets the cache-control for an image to be immutable, which instructs the browser that an image does not have to be revalidated with the server when the page is refreshed, and can be loaded directly from the cache. Currently supported only in Firefox. - [keep_attribution](transformation_reference_fl_flag_keep_attribution.md) [images]: Cloudinary's default behavior is to strip almost all metadata from a delivered image when generating new image transformations. - [keep_dar](transformation_reference_fl_flag_keep_dar.md) [videos]: When Cloudinary processes a video-to-video transformation, it resets the Display Aspect Ratio (DAR) metadata to match the output pixel dimensions. - [keep_iptc](transformation_reference_fl_flag_keep_iptc.md) [images]: Cloudinary's default behavior is to strip almost all embedded metadata from a delivered image when generating new image transformations. - [layer_apply](transformation_reference_fl_flag_layer_apply.md) [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that enables you to apply chained transformations to an overlaid image or video. - [lossy](transformation_reference_fl_flag_lossy.md) [images]: When used with an animated GIF file, instructs Cloudinary to use lossy compression when delivering an animated GIF. By default a quality of 80 is applied when delivering with lossy compression. - [mono](transformation_reference_fl_flag_mono.md) [videos]: Converts the audio channel in a video or audio file to mono. This can help to optimize your video files if stereo sound is not essential. - [no_overflow](transformation_reference_fl_flag_no_overflow.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that prevents an image or text overlay from extending a delivered image canvas beyond the dimensions of the base image - [no_stream](transformation_reference_fl_flag_no_stream.md) [videos]: Prevents a video that is currently being generated on the fly from beginning to stream until the video is fully generated. - [original](transformation_reference_fl_flag_original.md) [images, videos]: Delivers the original asset instead of applying the settings enabled in the **Optimize by default** section of the **Optimization** settings. - [png8 / png24 / png32](transformation_reference_fl_flag_png8_png24_png32.md) [images]: By default, Cloudinary delivers PNGs in PNG-24 format, or if [f_auto](transformation_reference_f_format.md#f_auto) and [q_auto](transformation_reference_q_quality.md#q_auto) are used, these determine the PNG format that minimizes file size while maximizing quality. In some cases, the algorithm will select PNG-8. - [preserve_transparency](transformation_reference_fl_flag_preserve_transparency.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that ensures that the [f_auto](transformation_reference_f_format.md#f_auto) parameter will always deliver in a transparent format if the image has a transparency channel. - [progressive](transformation_reference_fl_flag_progressive.md) [images]: Generates a JPG or PNG image using the progressive (interlaced) format. This format allows the browser to quickly show a low-quality rendering of the image until the full quality image is loaded. - [rasterize](transformation_reference_fl_flag_rasterize.md) [images]: Reduces a vector image to one flat pixelated layer, enabling transformations like PDF resizing and overlays. - [region_relative](transformation_reference_fl_flag_region_relative.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that instructs Cloudinary to interpret percentage-based ( e.g. 0.8) width and height values for an image layer (overlay or underlay), as a percentage that is relative to the size of the defined or automatically dete... - [relative](transformation_reference_fl_flag_relative.md) [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that instructs Cloudinary to interpret percentage-based ( e.g. 0.8) width and height values for an image layer (overlay or underlay), as a percentage that is relative to the size of the base image, rather than relat... - [replace_image](transformation_reference_fl_flag_replace_image.md) [images]: A qualifier that takes the image specified as an overlay and uses it to replace the first image embedded in a PDF. - [sanitize](transformation_reference_fl_flag_sanitize.md) [images]: Relevant only for the SVG images. Runs a sanitizer on the image. - [splice](transformation_reference_fl_flag_splice.md) [videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that concatenates (splices) the image, video or audio file specified as an overlay to a base video (instead of placing it as an overlay). - [streaming_attachment](transformation_reference_fl_flag_streaming_attachment.md) [videos]: Like [fl_attachment](transformation_reference_fl_flag_attachment.md#fl_attachment), this flag alters the regular video delivery URL behavior, causing the URL link to download the (transformed) video as an attachment rather than embedding it in your Web page or application. - [strip_profile](transformation_reference_fl_flag_strip_profile.md) [images]: Converts non-sRGB images to sRGB and then strips the ICC profile data from the delivered image. - [text_disallow_overflow](transformation_reference_fl_flag_text_disallow_overflow.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) used with text overlays that fails the transformation and returns a 400 (bad request) error if the text (in the requested size and font) exceeds the base image boundaries. - [text_no_trim](transformation_reference_fl_flag_text_no_trim.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) used with text overlays that adds a small amount of padding around the text overlay string. Without this flag, the text overlay trims tightly to the text with no excess padding. - [tiff8_lzw](transformation_reference_fl_flag_tiff8_lzw.md) [images]: A qualifier that generates TIFF images in the TIFF8 format using LZW compression. - [tiled](transformation_reference_fl_flag_tiled.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that tiles the specified image overlay over the entire image. This can be useful for adding a watermark effect. - [truncate_ts](transformation_reference_fl_flag_truncate_ts.md) [videos]: Truncates (trims) a video file based on the times defined in the video file's metadata (relevant only where the file metadata includes a directive to play only a section of the video). - [waveform](transformation_reference_fl_flag_waveform.md) [videos]: Instead of delivering the audio or video file, generates and delivers a waveform image in the requested image format based on the audio from the audio or video file. by default, the waveform color is white and the background is black. - **[fn (custom function)](transformation_reference_fn_custom_function.md)** [images]: Injects a custom function into the image transformation pipeline. You can use a remote function/lambda as your source, run WebAssembly functions from a compiled **. - **[fps (FPS)](transformation_reference_fps_fps.md)** [images, videos]: Controls the FPS (Frames Per Second) of a video or animated image to ensure that the asset (even when optimized) is delivered with an expected FPS level (for video, this helps with sync to audio). Can also be specified as a range. - **[g (gravity)](transformation_reference_g_gravity.md)** [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that determines which part of an asset to focus on, and thus which part of the asset to keep, when any part of the asset is cropped. For overlays, this setting determines where to place the overlay. (7 sub-pages) - [\](transformation_reference_g_gravity_compass_position.md) [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that defines a fixed location within an asset to focus on. - [\](transformation_reference_g_gravity_special_position.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that defines a special position within the asset to focus on. - [\](transformation_reference_g_gravity_object.md) [images]: Requires the [Cloudinary AI Content Analysis add-on](cloudinary_ai_content_analysis_addon). A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) for [cropping](transformation_reference_c_crop_resize_crop.md#c_crop) an image to automatically crop around objects without needing to specify dimensions or an aspect ra... - [auto](transformation_reference_g_gravity_auto.md) [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) to automatically identify the most interesting regions in the asset, and include in the crop. - [clipping_path](transformation_reference_g_gravity_clipping_path.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) to specify a named clipping path in the image to focus on when cropping an image. Works on file formats that can contain clipping paths such as TIFF. - [region](transformation_reference_g_gravity_region.md) [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) to specify a named custom region in the image to focus on. - [track_person](transformation_reference_g_gravity_track_person.md) [videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) to add an image or text layer that tracks the position of a person throughout a video. Can be used with fashion object detection to conditionally add the layer based on the presence of a specified object. - **[h (height)](transformation_reference_h_height.md)** [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that determines the height of a transformed asset or an overlay. - **[if (if condition)](transformation_reference_if_if_condition.md)** [images, videos]: Applies a transformation only if a specified condition is met. - **[ki (keyframe interval)](transformation_reference_ki_keyframe_interval.md)** [videos]: Explicitly sets the keyframe interval of the delivered video. - **[l (layer)](transformation_reference_l_layer.md)** [images, videos]: Applies a layer over the base asset, also known as an **overlay**. This can be an image or video overlay, a text overlay, subtitles for a video or a 3D lookup table for images or videos. (7 sub-pages) - [\](transformation_reference_l_layer_image_id.md) [images, videos]: Overlays an image on the base image or video. - [audio](transformation_reference_l_layer_audio.md) [videos]: Overlays the specified audio track on a base video or another audio track. If you specify a video to overlay, only the audio track will be applied. - [fetch](transformation_reference_l_layer_fetch.md) [images, videos]: Overlays a remote image onto an image or video. - [lut](transformation_reference_l_layer_lut.md) [images, videos]: Applies a 3-color-dimension lookup table (a 3D LUT) to an image or video. Before applying a LUT layer, you must first upload the LUT file as a [raw file](upload_parameters#uploading_non_media_files_as_raw_files). - [subtitles](transformation_reference_l_layer_subtitles.md) [videos]: Embed subtitle texts from an SRT or WebVTT file into a video. The subtitle file must first be uploaded as a [raw file](upload_parameters#uploading_non_media_files_as_raw_files). - [text](transformation_reference_l_layer_text.md) [images, videos]: Adds a text overlay to an image or video. - [video](transformation_reference_l_layer_video.md) [videos]: Overlays the specified video on a base video. - **[o (opacity)](transformation_reference_o_opacity.md)** [images]: Adjusts the opacity of an asset and makes it semi-transparent. - **[pg (page or file layer)](transformation_reference_pg_page_or_file_layer.md)** [images]: Delivers specified pages, frames, or layers of a multi-page/frame/layer file, such as a PDF, animated image, TIFF, or PSD. - **[q (quality)](transformation_reference_q_quality.md)** [images, videos]: Controls the quality of the delivered asset. Reducing the quality is a trade-off between visual quality and file size. - **[r (round corners)](transformation_reference_r_round_corners.md)** [images, videos]: Rounds the corners of an image or video. - **[so (start offset)](transformation_reference_so_start_offset.md)** [videos]: Specifies the first second to include in the video (or audio clip). This parameter is often used in conjunction with the [eo (end offset)](transformation_reference_eo_end_offset.md#eo_end_offset) and/or [du (duration)](transformation_reference_du_duration.md#du_duration) parameters. - **[sp (streaming profile)](transformation_reference_sp_streaming_profile.md)** [videos]: Determines the streaming profile to apply when delivering a video using adaptive bitrate streaming. - **[t (named transformation)](transformation_reference_t_named_transformation.md)** [images, videos]: Applies a pre-defined named transformation to an image or video. - **[u (underlay)](transformation_reference_u_underlay.md)** [images, videos]: Applies an image layer under the base image or video, also known as an **underlay**. - **[vc (video codec)](transformation_reference_vc_video_codec.md)** [videos]: Sets the video codec to use when encoding a video. - **[vs (video sampling)](transformation_reference_vs_video_sampling.md)** [images, videos]: Sets the sampling rate to use when converting videos or animated images to animated GIF or WebP format. If not specified, the resulting GIF or WebP samples the whole video/animated image (up to 400 frames, at up to 10 frames per second). - **[w (width)](transformation_reference_w_width.md)** [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that sets the desired width of an asset using a specified value, or automatically based on the available width. - **[x, y (x & y coordinates)](transformation_reference_x_y_x_y_coordinates.md)** [images, videos]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that adjusts the starting location or offset of the corresponding transformation action. - **[z (zoom)](transformation_reference_z_zoom.md)** [images]: A [qualifier](transformation_reference_overview.md#parameter_types) that controls how close to crop to the detected coordinates when using face-detection, custom-coordinate, or object-specific gravity (when using the [Cloudinary AI Content Analysis addon](cloudinary_ai_content_analy... - **[$ (variable)](transformation_reference_variable.md)** [images, videos]: Defines and assigns values to user defined variables, so you can use the variables as values for other parameters.