Chandra Yanto
Yanto Chandra is Assistant Professor at the Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong (CityU). His research and teaching focus on social innovation, social investment, entrepreneurship, and social policy. His research has appeared in VOLUNTAS, Journal of Business Venturing, Journal of International Business Studies, PLosONE, Social Enterprise Journal, and Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, among others. His book Social Entrepreneurship in the Greater China Region: Policy and Cases is the first official book on the subject in the region. He won several awards including Outstanding Paper Award 2010 from Emerald Publisher, as well as CityU’s Teaching Innovation Award 2017 and Teaching Excellence Award 2016. He is Associate Editor of Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and an editorial board member of Social Enterprise Journal, Journal of International Marketing, European Journal of Management. Previously, he was a faculty member at the University of Leeds (United Kingdom) and University of Amsterdam (Netherlands). Prior to this, he worked nearly seven years in the multinational corporations in Hong Kong, Singapore and Jakarta.
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variables including personal values, traits, and distress. It concludes with implications for theory, practice and policy making.
Design/methodology/approach — This article highlights the constructivist approach as an important paradigm in qualitative research and demonstrates how it can be operationalized and enhanced using RQDA. It provides a technical and methodological review of RQDA, along with its main strengths and weaknesses, in relation two popular CAQDAS tools, ATLAS.ti and NVivo. Using samples of customer-generated e-complaints and e-praises in the electronics/computer sector, this article demonstrates the development of a process model of customer e-complaint rhetoric.
Findings — This article offers step-by-step instructions for installing RQDA, and using this software for data coding, aggregation, plotting, and theory building. It emphasizes the importance of techniques for sharing coding outputs among researchers and journal gatekeepers to better disseminate and share research findings. It also describes the authors’ use of RQDA in classrooms of undergraduates and graduate students.
Research limitations/implications — This article addresses the “contestation” and “boilerplate” gaps, offering practical, step-by-step instructions to operationalize and enhance the constructivist approach using the RQDA-based approach. This opens new opportunities for existing R users to “cross over” to analyzing textual data as well as for computer-savvy scholars, analysts and research students in academia and industry who wish to transition to CAQDAS-based qualitative research because RQDA is free and can leverage the strengths of the R computing platform.
Originality — This article offers the first published review and demonstration of the RQDA-based constructivist methodology that provide the processes needed to enhance the rigor, transparency, and validity of qualitative research. It demonstrates the systematic development of a data structure and a process model of customer e-complaint rhetoric using RQDA.
and distribution context to test hypotheses in three areas: (1) the internal vs external
drivers of green innovation; (2) the effect of green innovation on business performance; and
(3) the role of channel structures (the degree to which producers sell directly to consumers
or businesses) in making green innovation more productive in terms of business performance.
To test our hypotheses, data from an international survey among 123 wineries is used. Our
results suggest that internal drivers, i.e. environmental management and quality management
in particular, play a greater role than external drivers (e.g. government and regulatory pressures)
on the adoption of green innovation strategies. Producing and using organic products
and processes and recycling activities are found to have a significant direct positive impact on
business performance. Our results also confirm the moderating effect of channel structures: the
benefits of green innovation in terms of business performance are larger when firms use more
direct sales channels (selling wine directly from the wine cellar to consumers and businesses).
creation, prototyping, pruning, and broadening of opportunity sets, that underpins the fundamental processes but not previously documented mechanisms in IE. Our study allowed us to induce a set of IE opportunity portfolio measures—volume, flow rate, novelty, magnitude, and geographical coverage—that offers an alternative framework
for measuring and predicting IE performance. In developing the arguments, we present six findings including the role of prior history that, taken together, move us closer to an opportunity portfolio perspective in IE.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper begins with an overview of ABM, and discusses the shared conceptual foundations of entrepreneurship and ABM as the motives for the adoption of ABM as an appropriate methodology to study entrepreneurship. It offers a roadmap in using ABM approach for entrepreneurship research and illustrates this using a contemporary research question in entrepreneurship: the study of success/failure in business venturing.
Findings – This paper suggests the shared foundations between ABM and entrepreneurship as the basis for bringing the methodology and research domain closer. It offers a roadmap for advancing entrepreneurship research using agent-based simulation approach and explains the contribution of ABM to further advance entrepreneurship research.
Originality/value – This paper addresses the methodological gap in entrepreneurship research and develops the argument for a wider adoption of ABM simulation approach to study entrepreneurship. It bridges the gap by examining the possibility of formalizing entrepreneurship processes by grounding an agent-based model on empirical facts and generally-accepted foundations of entrepreneurship. It offers a contribution to the literature by showing that ABM is a useful and appropriate methodological approach for entrepreneurship research in addition to the conventional variance and process approach.
Design/methodology/approach – The methodology employed involves eight case studies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in knowledge-based industries in Australia. The unit of analysis is the " opportunity-firm " nexus.
Findings – The paper finds that firms with little or no prior international knowledge tend to make use of opportunity discovery rather than deliberate/systematic search. In contrast, firms with extensive prior international experience and knowledge were found to deliberately search and discover their first international opportunity. International opportunity discovery did not occur simply through serendipitous encounters with new information from networks or referrals but involved interpreting possible matches between pre-existing means (resources, skills, new technologies) and new ends (international markets) in a problem solving process. It favours those with the requisite prior knowledge and entrepreneurial orientation.
Practical implications – The paper offers guidelines on what business practitioners and export promotion agencies can and cannot do to influence opportunity recognition process. Particular attention was paid to strategies to avoid costly deliberate search among resource-stricken SMEs.
Originality/value – This study introduces Knightian uncertainty and Kirznerian discovery as the conceptual cornerstones of internationalization that can help account for the lack of incrementalism and optimizing logic in internationalization among smaller firms.
on the adoption of green innovation strategies. Producing and using organic products and processes and recycling activities are found to have a significant direct positive impact on business performance. Our results also confirm the moderating effect of channel structures: the benefits of green innovation in terms of business performance are larger when firms use more direct sales channels (selling wine directly from the wine cellar to consumers and businesses).
identify the institutional-change work performed by social entrepreneurs. By applying CL on a small, specialized corpus of a Chinese social enterprise that offers taxi services to a specialty
market — elders and physically disabled residents — and has institutionalized wheelchair accessible transportation in Hong Kong (China), this research found 17 discourse orientations (i.e., problem, difficulty, empowerment, beneficiary, altruistic, social process, economic,
opportunity, sustainability, partnership, resource, solution, government-as-enabler, social business identity, change-making, mission, and impact) that can be aggregated into five meta discourses: problematization, empowerment, marketization, resource mobilization, and publicness. It also reveals the influence of collaborative efforts performed by volunteers, media, educational institutions and the State in institutionalizing and legitimizing wheelchair accessible public transport and social enterprises. This study also uncovers the influence of prior institutional context on the institutionalization of SE. This research suggests new avenues to better integrate social work, public administration, and sustainability research –– cognate disciplines at the fringes of SE –– to inform future SE research. Finally, this study articulates the promise of corpus linguistics as a primary or supplementary method for future SE discourse research.
This study uses computer-aided text analysis and computational
linguistics to study 191 interviews of social and business entrepreneurs. It offers validation and exploration of new concepts pertaining to the rhetoric orientations of SE.
This study confirms prior untested assumptions that the rhetoric of social entrepreneurs is more other, stakeholder engagement and justification-oriented and less self-oriented than the rhetoric of
business entrepreneurs. It also confirms that the rhetoric of both types of entrepreneurs is equally economically oriented.
This research makes new contribution to the SE literature by introducing three new orientations, namely, solution, impact and geographical, which reflect distinctive rhetorical themes used by social entrepreneurs, and by revealing that social entrepreneurs use terms associated with
other, stakeholder engagement, justification, economic, solution, impact and geographical orientations differently than business entrepreneurs
variables including personal values, traits, and distress. It concludes with implications for theory, practice and policy making.
Design/methodology/approach — This article highlights the constructivist approach as an important paradigm in qualitative research and demonstrates how it can be operationalized and enhanced using RQDA. It provides a technical and methodological review of RQDA, along with its main strengths and weaknesses, in relation two popular CAQDAS tools, ATLAS.ti and NVivo. Using samples of customer-generated e-complaints and e-praises in the electronics/computer sector, this article demonstrates the development of a process model of customer e-complaint rhetoric.
Findings — This article offers step-by-step instructions for installing RQDA, and using this software for data coding, aggregation, plotting, and theory building. It emphasizes the importance of techniques for sharing coding outputs among researchers and journal gatekeepers to better disseminate and share research findings. It also describes the authors’ use of RQDA in classrooms of undergraduates and graduate students.
Research limitations/implications — This article addresses the “contestation” and “boilerplate” gaps, offering practical, step-by-step instructions to operationalize and enhance the constructivist approach using the RQDA-based approach. This opens new opportunities for existing R users to “cross over” to analyzing textual data as well as for computer-savvy scholars, analysts and research students in academia and industry who wish to transition to CAQDAS-based qualitative research because RQDA is free and can leverage the strengths of the R computing platform.
Originality — This article offers the first published review and demonstration of the RQDA-based constructivist methodology that provide the processes needed to enhance the rigor, transparency, and validity of qualitative research. It demonstrates the systematic development of a data structure and a process model of customer e-complaint rhetoric using RQDA.
and distribution context to test hypotheses in three areas: (1) the internal vs external
drivers of green innovation; (2) the effect of green innovation on business performance; and
(3) the role of channel structures (the degree to which producers sell directly to consumers
or businesses) in making green innovation more productive in terms of business performance.
To test our hypotheses, data from an international survey among 123 wineries is used. Our
results suggest that internal drivers, i.e. environmental management and quality management
in particular, play a greater role than external drivers (e.g. government and regulatory pressures)
on the adoption of green innovation strategies. Producing and using organic products
and processes and recycling activities are found to have a significant direct positive impact on
business performance. Our results also confirm the moderating effect of channel structures: the
benefits of green innovation in terms of business performance are larger when firms use more
direct sales channels (selling wine directly from the wine cellar to consumers and businesses).
creation, prototyping, pruning, and broadening of opportunity sets, that underpins the fundamental processes but not previously documented mechanisms in IE. Our study allowed us to induce a set of IE opportunity portfolio measures—volume, flow rate, novelty, magnitude, and geographical coverage—that offers an alternative framework
for measuring and predicting IE performance. In developing the arguments, we present six findings including the role of prior history that, taken together, move us closer to an opportunity portfolio perspective in IE.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper begins with an overview of ABM, and discusses the shared conceptual foundations of entrepreneurship and ABM as the motives for the adoption of ABM as an appropriate methodology to study entrepreneurship. It offers a roadmap in using ABM approach for entrepreneurship research and illustrates this using a contemporary research question in entrepreneurship: the study of success/failure in business venturing.
Findings – This paper suggests the shared foundations between ABM and entrepreneurship as the basis for bringing the methodology and research domain closer. It offers a roadmap for advancing entrepreneurship research using agent-based simulation approach and explains the contribution of ABM to further advance entrepreneurship research.
Originality/value – This paper addresses the methodological gap in entrepreneurship research and develops the argument for a wider adoption of ABM simulation approach to study entrepreneurship. It bridges the gap by examining the possibility of formalizing entrepreneurship processes by grounding an agent-based model on empirical facts and generally-accepted foundations of entrepreneurship. It offers a contribution to the literature by showing that ABM is a useful and appropriate methodological approach for entrepreneurship research in addition to the conventional variance and process approach.
Design/methodology/approach – The methodology employed involves eight case studies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in knowledge-based industries in Australia. The unit of analysis is the " opportunity-firm " nexus.
Findings – The paper finds that firms with little or no prior international knowledge tend to make use of opportunity discovery rather than deliberate/systematic search. In contrast, firms with extensive prior international experience and knowledge were found to deliberately search and discover their first international opportunity. International opportunity discovery did not occur simply through serendipitous encounters with new information from networks or referrals but involved interpreting possible matches between pre-existing means (resources, skills, new technologies) and new ends (international markets) in a problem solving process. It favours those with the requisite prior knowledge and entrepreneurial orientation.
Practical implications – The paper offers guidelines on what business practitioners and export promotion agencies can and cannot do to influence opportunity recognition process. Particular attention was paid to strategies to avoid costly deliberate search among resource-stricken SMEs.
Originality/value – This study introduces Knightian uncertainty and Kirznerian discovery as the conceptual cornerstones of internationalization that can help account for the lack of incrementalism and optimizing logic in internationalization among smaller firms.
on the adoption of green innovation strategies. Producing and using organic products and processes and recycling activities are found to have a significant direct positive impact on business performance. Our results also confirm the moderating effect of channel structures: the benefits of green innovation in terms of business performance are larger when firms use more direct sales channels (selling wine directly from the wine cellar to consumers and businesses).
identify the institutional-change work performed by social entrepreneurs. By applying CL on a small, specialized corpus of a Chinese social enterprise that offers taxi services to a specialty
market — elders and physically disabled residents — and has institutionalized wheelchair accessible transportation in Hong Kong (China), this research found 17 discourse orientations (i.e., problem, difficulty, empowerment, beneficiary, altruistic, social process, economic,
opportunity, sustainability, partnership, resource, solution, government-as-enabler, social business identity, change-making, mission, and impact) that can be aggregated into five meta discourses: problematization, empowerment, marketization, resource mobilization, and publicness. It also reveals the influence of collaborative efforts performed by volunteers, media, educational institutions and the State in institutionalizing and legitimizing wheelchair accessible public transport and social enterprises. This study also uncovers the influence of prior institutional context on the institutionalization of SE. This research suggests new avenues to better integrate social work, public administration, and sustainability research –– cognate disciplines at the fringes of SE –– to inform future SE research. Finally, this study articulates the promise of corpus linguistics as a primary or supplementary method for future SE discourse research.
This study uses computer-aided text analysis and computational
linguistics to study 191 interviews of social and business entrepreneurs. It offers validation and exploration of new concepts pertaining to the rhetoric orientations of SE.
This study confirms prior untested assumptions that the rhetoric of social entrepreneurs is more other, stakeholder engagement and justification-oriented and less self-oriented than the rhetoric of
business entrepreneurs. It also confirms that the rhetoric of both types of entrepreneurs is equally economically oriented.
This research makes new contribution to the SE literature by introducing three new orientations, namely, solution, impact and geographical, which reflect distinctive rhetorical themes used by social entrepreneurs, and by revealing that social entrepreneurs use terms associated with
other, stakeholder engagement, justification, economic, solution, impact and geographical orientations differently than business entrepreneurs