Farid Zerimech

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Department Member

Université de Lille, Biologie Santé, Department Member

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Dominic D'Agostino

University of South Florida

Ospan Mynbaev

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Dr. Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari

Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.

Nwangwa Eze

DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

Prof Abdullateef I Alagbonsi

University Of Rwanda

Marina García-Macia

Albert Einstein College of Medicine - Yeshiva University

Dele Afolabi

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

Soraya Valles

Universitat de València

Zarife Kumral

Marmara University

Luqman Olayaki

University of Ilorin, Ilorin Kwara State Nigeria

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Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage During Endotoxemia Coincides with Microcirculatory Dysfunction and Vascular Oxidative Stress

Shock, 2007

The glycocalyx constitutes the first line of the blood tissue interface and is thus involved in m... more The glycocalyx constitutes the first line of the blood tissue interface and is thus involved in many physiological processes, deregulation of which may lead to microvascular dysfunction. Because administration of LPS is accompanied by severe microvascular dysfunction, the purpose of the study was to investigate microvascular glycocalyx function during endotoxemia. Bolus infusion of LPS (10 mg kg(-1)) to male Sprague-Dawley rats elicited the development of hyporeactivity to vasoactive agents and microvascular derangements, including decreased capillary density and significant increases in intermittent and stopped flow capillaries in the small intestine muscularis layer compared with controls. LPS elicited plasma hyluronan release and reduction in endothelial surface thickness, indicative of glycocalyx degradation. Because endothelial glycocalyx is extremely sensitive to free radicals, oxidative stress was evaluated by oxidation of dihydrorhodamine in microvascular beds and levels of heart malondialdehyde and plasma carbonyl proteins, which were all increased in LPS-treated rats. Activated protein C (240 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) enhanced systemic arterial pressure response to norepinephrine in LPS-treated rats. Activated protein C (240 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) prevented capillary perfusion deficit in the septic microvasculature that were associated with reduced oxidative stress and preservation of glycocalyx. Our findings support the conclusion that LPS induces major microcirculation dysfunction accompanied by microvascular oxidative stress and glycocalyx degradation that may be limited by activated protein C treatment.

Impact of tracheal cuff shape on microaspiration of gastric contents in intubated critically ill patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials, Jan 25, 2015

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common infection in intubated critically ill pa... more Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common infection in intubated critically ill patients. Microaspiration of the contaminated gastric and oropharyngeal secretions is the main mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of VAP. Tracheal cuff plays an important role in stopping the progression of contaminated secretions into the lower respiratory tract. Previous in vitro studies suggested that conical cuff shape might be helpful in improving tracheal sealing. However, clinical studies found conflicting results. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of conical tracheal cuff shape on the microaspiration of gastric contents in critically ill patients. This prospective cluster randomized controlled crossover open-label trial is currently being conducted in ten French intensive care units (ICUs). Patients are allocated to intubation with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) standard (barrel)-shaped or a PVC conical-shaped tracheal tube. The primary objective is to determine t...

Beneficial effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cytokine-treated human pancreatic islets

Journal of Endocrinology

We examined whether 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25 D(3)), the active form of vitamin D involved... more We examined whether 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25 D(3)), the active form of vitamin D involved in the regulation of the immune system, may also protect human pancreatic islet cells from destruction induced by cytokines. In this study, we specifically investigated the effect of 1,25 D(3) on oxidative stress and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) induction, both implicated in cytokine-induced islet cell dysfunction and destruction. We also investigated the effects of 1,25 D(3) on interleukin (IL)-6, a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of immunoinflammatory disorders. Human pancreatic islets, isolated from heart-beating donors, were treated with a combination of three cytokines, IL-1beta+tumor necrosis factor alpha+interferon gamma, in the presence or absence of vitamin D, and compared with with untreated control cells. Metabolic activity was assessed by cell viability and insulin content. Oxidative stress was estimated by heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expressi...

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