Papers by Mohammed Mustafa
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a ... more Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a tool such as CAMBRA, every individual can be assessed according to his or her disease indicators, risk factors, and protective factors for the current and future caries. Aim: This study aimed to assess caries risk among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia using the CAMBRA protocol. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at university dental clinics using a questionnaire that was formulated using the CAMBRA caries risk assessment tool; afterwards, all 160 participants were intra-orally examined to assess oral hygiene status and presence of disease. Independent t-tests, ANOVAs, and chi-square tests were performed for analysis. Results: The majority of participants had one or more disease indicators, with white spots and visible cavities (71.3%), and the most commonly present risk factor was visible heavy plaque on teeth (82.5%). The use of fluoridated toothpaste (92.5...
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice
Aim: This narrative review aims to explore and elicit the newer endodontic file systems used for ... more Aim: This narrative review aims to explore and elicit the newer endodontic file systems used for root canal treatments. Background: The primary goals of endodontic therapy continue to be the mechanical enlargement and shaping of the intricate endodontic root canal systems to aid in disinfection. Nowadays endodontists have access to a wide range of endodontic file systems for root canal preparations with various design characteristics and benefits. Review results: ProTaper Ultimate (PTU) files' tip have a triangular convex cross-section, an offset mass of rotating design, a maximum flute diameter of 1.0 mm, and are constructed of gold wire, hence, commonly applied in conditions with restricted accessibility or an extremely curved canal. TruNatomyhas advantages over other cutting-edge file systems like maximum flute diameter of the corona, reduced distance between active cutting flutes, and shorter handles in comparison to SX instruments. In comparison to PTU files, ProTaper Gold (PTG) files are noticeably more elastic and fatigue-resistant. Compared to files in the F1-F3 range, size S1 and S2 files have a significantly longer fatigue life. MicroMega One RECI is more resistant to cyclic fatigue because of its heat treatment and reciprocating action and the C-wire heat treatment of the former gives it flexibility and controlled memory, enabling the prebending of the file. The RECIPROC blue demonstrated enhanced flexibility, increased fatigue resistance, and lower microhardness while maintaining the same surface qualities. Conclusion: As per the necessity and requirement on case to case basis, every endodontic file system has advantages and disadvantages as mentioned in this narrative review. According to the need, an endodontist can select the file system which is required specifically. Although several studies are comparing these various systems in the literature, this narrative review aims to give the clinician a summary of some recently launched endodontic rotary file systems available in the market and their clinical uses. Clinical significance: As per the priority and need of the case, whether removal and extrusion of debris, reduction of microorganisms , keeping canal anatomy, and cutting efficiency, a specific required file system can be utilized.
Applied Sciences
Wound healing following periapical surgery is influenced by age, gender, smoking, periapical lesi... more Wound healing following periapical surgery is influenced by age, gender, smoking, periapical lesion size, type of root-end filling, method of root-end cavity preparation and the use of microsurgical or conventional technique. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of various preoperative factors such as age, gender, smoking, preoperative pain, and preoperative periapical lesion size on the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment. A thorough history, examination, and investigation were performed to establish patient age, gender, smoking status, periapical lesion size, and the presence of preoperative pain. Forty patients aged between 15–57 years presented with persistent chronic apical periodontitis of single-rooted anterior teeth after conventional re-root canal treatment were enrolled for periapical surgery. Following periapical surgery, all patients were recalled for evaluation of periapical healing after 12 months based on clinical and periapical X-ray examination due to ina...
Biomimetics
Titanium is the main component of dental implants. It is also routinely used as a framework mater... more Titanium is the main component of dental implants. It is also routinely used as a framework material for implant-supported full-arch prostheses due to its low density, biocompatibility, and other mechanical properties. Remarkable mechanical properties such as lesser mass density and higher young’s modulus of graphene have gained popularity among scientists, improving the properties of biomedical implants. Thus, our study aimed to compare the outcome through the von Mises stresses generated on All-on-6 and All-on-3 implant models, as well as on the framework, and evaluate the effect of stress patterns on the crestal bone around implants in the mandible. FEA (Finite Element Analysis) study was carried out using edentulous mandible models. Four 3D FEA models with 3 and 6 implants were used (Model 1: Titanium bar-supported 6 straight implants; Model 2: Graphene bar-supported 6 straight implants; Model 3: Titanium bar-supported 3 implants with 30 degrees-tilted; Model 4: Graphene bar-sup...
Healthcare
To evaluate the mean distance and differences between posterior maxillary teeth and maxillary sin... more To evaluate the mean distance and differences between posterior maxillary teeth and maxillary sinus floor (MSF) concerning the age and gender of the patients, a total of 124 maxillary sinuses and 496 posterior maxillary teeth were randomly selected in 62 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Mean distances between posterior maxillary roots (PMRs) from different teeth and the MSF were measured using a calibrated tool in the software. Other relations regarding the gender and age of the patients were determined. The mean root–MSF distances in the right and left first premolars were more significant compared to the second premolars. No significant relation was found between the apices of the right and left first and second molar roots and the floor of the maxillary sinus concerning gender. A statistically significant relation was found between the apices of the buccal root of the right first premolar, right and left first and second molars and floor of the maxillary sinus concern...
Biomimetics
The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the color stability and surface roughness of convent... more The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the color stability and surface roughness of conventional and self-blending resin composites before and after staining and aging. Three conventional composites (Filtek Z350, IPS Empress Direct, and Estalite Palfique LX5) and one self-blending (Omnichroma) resin composite were used in this study. Sixty discs were prepared and polymerized in a metal mold (n = 15 per group). Samples were then finished and polished by Layan discs. Color testing and roughness testing were measured as a baseline (T0) by a spectrophotometer and profilometry. Samples were then stained with tea for 24 h, water aged for 30 days, and then a second reading (T1) was performed. Finishing and polishing were performed again, and a third reading (T2) was collected. All groups showed significant decrease in all color parameters (L*, a*, and b*); however, after polishing, all groups showed color enhancements matching pre-experiment baseline colors in all color parameters (L...
International journal of health sciences
Context: Since there is paucity of clinical studies, concern arises regarding the safety of direc... more Context: Since there is paucity of clinical studies, concern arises regarding the safety of direct application of resin-containing material like TheraCal LC on the pulp tissue. Aim: To assess clinically and histologically the efficacy of TheraCal LC and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping agents Materials and Method: Sixty caries-free maxillary first premolar teeth which were scheduled for orthodontic extraction were selected for the study which were divided equally into Group 1 (Theracal LC) and Group 2 (Biodentine). Thermal and electric pulp testing was performed on the teeth to assess pulp vitality followed by tooth preparation to expose pulp horns under local anaesthesia. After achieving hemostasis, the direct pulp capping agent was placed and composite restoration was done. All the teeth were evaluated and compared in terms of clinical and histological findings after 6 weeks. Statistical analysis used was Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Teeth with Theracal LC showed no sensitivity ...
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) catalyzes the degradation of the extracellular matrix... more Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) catalyzes the degradation of the extracellular matrix components and have a major role in many physiological processes including wound healing. In the current study, we examined the correlation of baseline MMPs 1, 2, 7, and 9 expressions with periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment. Methods 27 patients aged between 15–57 years presenting with chronic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess of an anterior tooth with previously attempted or failed root canal treatment were included in this study. During surgical endodontic treatment, tissue from the periapical lesion sample was collected and used for gross histopathological analysis as well as mRNA expression analysis of MMPs 1, 2, 7, and 9. Patients were recalled for follow-up after 6 and 12 months to evaluate the healing status both clinically and radiographically and healing was correlated with baseline MMP expression. Results Out of 27 patients, healing was ob...
Materials
The success of dental restorations depends mainly on the ability to bond to other filling materia... more The success of dental restorations depends mainly on the ability to bond to other filling materials and tooth substances, in order to resist the multitude of forces acting on the bond within the oral cavity. Although the shortcomings of composite resins have been significantly reduced over the past three decades, microleakage due to shrinkage under masticatory loads is unavoidable. In order to overcome such problems, two materials laminated with matched properties can be used to achieve optimum results. The sandwich technique is an approach in which dentine is replaced by glass ionomer cement (GIC), and enamel is replaced by composite resin. In the past, numerous materials have been proposed with adequate properties to be used in this manner, but the results are conflicting in terms of bonding to the various forms of GIC, and the appearance of microcracks or gap formation during functional loading. This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure betwee...
Molecules, 2022
Antibiotic resistance rate is rising worldwide. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potent for fight... more Antibiotic resistance rate is rising worldwide. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potent for fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR), independently or synergistically. The purpose of this study was to prepare AgNPs using wild ginger extracts and to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of these AgNPs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. AgNPs were synthesized using wild ginger extracts at room temperature through different parameters for optimization, i.e., pH and variable molar concentration. Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDXA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Disc and agar well diffusion techniques were utilized to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of plant extracts and AgNPs. The surface plasmon resonance peaks in absor...
Antibiotics, 2021
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidit... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It also becomes a serious threat to the successful treatment of many bacterial infections. The widespread and irrelevant use of antibiotics in hospitals and local clinics is the leading cause of AMR. Under this scenario, the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from 2 August 2021 to 31 October 2021 to discover the prevalence of bacterial infections and AMR rates in COVID-19 patients admitted in surgical intensive care units (SICUs). Clinical samples were collected from the patients and we proceeded to identify bacterial isolates, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The data of other comorbidities were also collected from the patient’s medical record. The current study showed that the most common ...
Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2021
Background: dental pulp-derived stem cells are easy to access and collect and are an excellent so... more Background: dental pulp-derived stem cells are easy to access and collect and are an excellent source of stem cells for regenerative therapy. These cells can interact with many biomolecules and scaffolds and can pass on the instructive signals to the sites of regeneration where they are used. In this regard cordycepin, a potential biomolecule derived from medicinal mushrooms with a spectrum of bioactive properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer has not yet been tested for its effect on human dental pulp stem cells. Objective: the objective of the present study was to assess the in vitro adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells with or without induction after administration of cordycepin. Materials and methods: human dental pulp stem cells DPSCs were isolated from a healthy permanent tooth extracted for orthodontic purposes after obtaining informed consent. Flow cytometry technique was used to assess the surface marke...
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to compare the treatment outcome after application of surgi... more BACKGROUND This study was carried out to compare the treatment outcome after application of surgical scalpel and sieve methods of diode laser for depigmentation techniques with one year follow up period. METHODS This was a comparative split mouth intervention study with follow up period of one year. A total of 5 systemically healthy patients, were enrolled in this study. Right and left quadrant were divided into Group A and Group B. In Group A, depigmentation with Sieve method of diode laser and in Group B depigmentation with surgical scalpel technique were used. Dummett Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI) and Verbal Analogue Scale (VAS) Questionnaires were used to assess the intensity of gingival pigmentation and the pain intensity of the patients respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 2.5 and P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The pain intensity in Group B (mean rank 1.60, 4.0) was high as compared to Group A (mean rank 0.0, 2.0) at 2 weeks and one month follow up and the results were statistically significant. Group A (mean rank 0.20, 0.80) showed better depigmentation outcome compared group B (mean rank 1.0, 1.80) at six months and one year and the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Seive method of diode laser therapy showed a significant improvement in gingival pigmentation as well as reduction in pain intensity as compared to surgical scalpel technique.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2019
Cone beam computed tomography provides three-dimensional information of the dentition as well as ... more Cone beam computed tomography provides three-dimensional information of the dentition as well as its supporting structures. Other benefit includes reduced radiation exposure to the patient compared to conventional CT, panoramic radiography and full mouth IOPA. Scan time is rapid in CBCT compared to panoramic radiograph, accurate image with resolution ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.076 mm can be obtained in CBCT, and also CBCT allows multiplanar reformation of the image [5].
European journal of dentistry
Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth ar... more Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth are scarce. The present study aims at examining the diffusion of calcium hydroxide by recording the pH changes of retreated root canal using two types of calcium hydroxide preparations. A total of 45 recently extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars were collected and cleaned from calculus and remains of periodontal tissue. The teeth so collected were stored in thymol 10% solution till use. During collection, teeth with cracks, open apices, and restorations were excluded. Root canal preparations were performed using Protaper rotary system files, till #F3 file. All canals were obturated using cold lateral condensation and zinc oxide-based sealer. After 7 days, all gutta-percha were removed and the canals were irrigated with normal saline. The teeth were then randomly distributed into three groups. Canals in Group I were kept empty without any dressing to serve as a negative contro...
Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
This study aims to evaluate the awareness level of the individuals with hearing and speech impair... more This study aims to evaluate the awareness level of the individuals with hearing and speech impairments (deaf and dumb individuals), in relation to their oral health and dental treatment needs. The approach of stratified randomization method of sampling was used for the selection of participants. About 240 people with hearing and speech impairments (deaf and dumb) were selected from four cities of Saudi Arabia, which includes AlKharj, Riyadh, Dammam and Abha. A questionnaire of two sections was distributed among the participants for collecting data. A simple descriptive analysis was done, and the data were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. Microsoft Excel has been used for compilation of data and execution of graphs. Moreover, the questionnaire data were subject to SPSS data analysis (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0, Armonk, IBM Corp. NY). Most of the participants were not aware of the importance of oral health. Majority of the participants described th...
Journal of Orthodontics & Endodontics, 2017
Background: Traumatic injuries resulting in avulsion of tooth is common among children and sports... more Background: Traumatic injuries resulting in avulsion of tooth is common among children and sports personals. This study was planned to explore the awareness of general dental practitioners about the management of an avulsed tooth. Materials: and methods: This study consist of 148 general dental practitioners who responded to a questionnaire containing 09 validated questions exploring the awareness about the management of avulsion of tooth, which were distributed and the data was collected and entered into the database using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Data were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results: Total 148 dental practitioners had answered the questionnaires. Most of the dental practitioners (73%) knew that the avulsed tooth should be saved. Thirty percent of the practitioners were aware of the various factors responsible for the outcome of the tooth replantation. Conclusion: As most of the dental practitioners lack the proper management protocol, there is need to increase the knowledge of the care of the avulsed tooth and its replantation.
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2016
Introduction Debridement and disinfection of the root canal is a crucial step in the success of e... more Introduction Debridement and disinfection of the root canal is a crucial step in the success of endodontic treatment. Several antimicrobial agents alone or in combination are used to achieve this. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods Neem leaf extract, 2% chlorhexidine, 3% sodium hypochlorite were used to assess the antimicrobial efficiency. Agar well diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial efficacy with saline as control. The zone of inhibition was recorded, tabulated, and analyzed statistically with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics version 20 using analysis of variance test. Results All the three medicaments showed well-defined and comparable zones of inhibition around their respective wells. All values were significantly higher than the control group. Analysis of variance showed significant difference b...
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2016
Introduction: Various types of oral hygiene measures have been practiced by different populations... more Introduction: Various types of oral hygiene measures have been practiced by different populations around the world, as there is difference in the oral hygiene products including toothpicks and toothpowders. Miswak or tooth cleaning stick, for mechanical tooth cleaning, can be traced back at least to pre-Islamic times. Currently, many of the world populations still use chewing sticks as the single method for tooth brushing. The present study was done to study the incidence and prevalence of caries among Miswak and non-Miswak users. Materials and methods: The study was done consisting of 120 cases and 120 control group (60 boys and 60 girls in each group) from the secondary school. The materials used were light, explorer, mirror, gloves, upper and lower teeth models, Miswak, and common toothbrush. After the recording of the primary data, Miswak was given to case group and the students were trained to use it on the teeth models. After 2 years, the examination of the teeth was done using the same method as before start of the study and by the same investigators. All the data were recorded, tabulated, and analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 17 using Student's t-test. Results: From the 240 participants, only 211 had continued the study for the total period of time. Out of these, 111 were from the study group and 100 from the control group. On comparison of the decayed-missing-filled (DMF) index scores of the study and control groups, before and after completion of the study, had also shown that the caries index was increased and the difference was found to be statistically significant.
Polymers, 2022
A vital feature of conservative dentistry is the adhesion of the restorative material to the toot... more A vital feature of conservative dentistry is the adhesion of the restorative material to the tooth structure for restoration of the tooth substance lost due to dental decay, trauma, or dental imperfections. In a perfect world, a restorative material should generate a lasting adhesion by bonding the restoration with tooth tissues. The ingress of micro-organisms, oral fluids, molecules, and ions through microscopic spaces due to faulty adhesion between restoration and tooth structure is known as microleakage. This study is focuses on the evaluation of adhesive failures between the restorative materials. In the past, studies have focused more on the bonding potential of a restorative material with the tooth surface. Therefore, there is need to carry out a study that compares the microleakage between resin-based restorative materials in a sandwich manner with and without the intermediate bonding layer after immersion in 2% methylene blue dye at different time intervals. The restorative ...
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Papers by Mohammed Mustafa