Etheno DNA-adducts are formed when lipid-peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) r... more Etheno DNA-adducts are formed when lipid-peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) react with various DNA bases. These adducts are highly carcinogenic and occur during inflammation. In addition, we have shown in cell cultures, animal experiments and liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that these adducts are also generated when CYP2E1 is induced in the liver after chronic alcohol consumption. In addition, patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) also form hepatic etheno DNA-adducts. These patients not only show hepatic inflammation, but also express CYP2E1. In these patients inflammation exceeds CYP2E1 induction and therefore, a correlation between CYP2E1 induction and etheno DNA-adducts formation is not observed and etheno DNA-adducts formation is primarily due to inflammatory processes. A similar significant correlation between CYP2E1-induction, 4-HNE, and etheno DNA-adducts also occur in the esophageal mucosa after chronic alcohol consumption in patient with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Since alcoholics also have an increased risk for colorectal cancer and breast cancer, we studied adduct formations in these tissues. Again, the level of colorectal CYP2E1 correlated significantly with etheno DNA-adduct formation associated with cellular hyperproliferation, which could be suppressed by the antioxidant vitamin E. Etheno DNA-adducts have also been found in mammary tissues from women with breast cancer primarily localized in the ductular epithelium of the glands. We conclude that oxidative stress via the formation of exocyclic etheno DNA-adducts may represent at least one mechanism by which chronic ethanol consumption stimulates carcinogenesis in various tissues. Inhibition of CYP2E1 may be one possibility by which ethanol mediated carcinogenesis could be inhibited.
Background: Birth or pushing stage of labor positions and the related labor outcomes has come und... more Background: Birth or pushing stage of labor positions and the related labor outcomes has come under considerable debate in the past two decades. Globally, women have used both supine and non-supine positions during birth. Women have free choice of birth place and to some extent the birth attendant but their role in the informed choice of birth position has not been clearly defined. The theoretical framework using the Health Belief Model has been used to define the variables related to the awareness and preferences of the users and providers of midwifery care. Objective: To describe the perceptions and preferences of second stage positions by childbearing women and their birth attendants at Moi Teaching and Referal Hospital. Justification and Significance: There is little or no documentation in literature of the perceptions and preferences for birth positions by childbearing women and their birth attendants. Second stage care practices have important effects on fetal oxygenation, pai...
This study sought to develop and factorially validate an attitude to physics scale (A.T.P.S). The... more This study sought to develop and factorially validate an attitude to physics scale (A.T.P.S). The study was an instrumentation research. An initial pool of 100 attitude items was pruned down to 51 items by experts in physics education and Measurement and Evaluation. The 51 items which was in form of likert-type scale formed the preliminary version of the instrument. The instrument was administered on sample of secondary school students. The scores obtained from the items were inter-correlated. The correlation matrix was then factored using the principalaxes method and the factor loading were obtained. The factors were rotated for interpretation of the factors as well as for comparison with others. The results of the factor analysis show that five factor were found factorially valid to explain attitude to physics, each accounting for approximately 13.6% 9.9%, 8.5%, 11.% and 9.5% respectively of the total variance. In all, twenty-four (24) items were found valid factorially to explain the factors.
Etheno DNA-adducts are formed when lipid-peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) r... more Etheno DNA-adducts are formed when lipid-peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) react with various DNA bases. These adducts are highly carcinogenic and occur during inflammation. In addition, we have shown in cell cultures, animal experiments and liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that these adducts are also generated when CYP2E1 is induced in the liver after chronic alcohol consumption. In addition, patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) also form hepatic etheno DNA-adducts. These patients not only show hepatic inflammation, but also express CYP2E1. In these patients inflammation exceeds CYP2E1 induction and therefore, a correlation between CYP2E1 induction and etheno DNA-adducts formation is not observed and etheno DNA-adducts formation is primarily due to inflammatory processes. A similar significant correlation between CYP2E1-induction, 4-HNE, and etheno DNA-adducts also occur in the esophageal mucosa after chronic alcohol consumption in patient with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Since alcoholics also have an increased risk for colorectal cancer and breast cancer, we studied adduct formations in these tissues. Again, the level of colorectal CYP2E1 correlated significantly with etheno DNA-adduct formation associated with cellular hyperproliferation, which could be suppressed by the antioxidant vitamin E. Etheno DNA-adducts have also been found in mammary tissues from women with breast cancer primarily localized in the ductular epithelium of the glands. We conclude that oxidative stress via the formation of exocyclic etheno DNA-adducts may represent at least one mechanism by which chronic ethanol consumption stimulates carcinogenesis in various tissues. Inhibition of CYP2E1 may be one possibility by which ethanol mediated carcinogenesis could be inhibited.
Background: Birth or pushing stage of labor positions and the related labor outcomes has come und... more Background: Birth or pushing stage of labor positions and the related labor outcomes has come under considerable debate in the past two decades. Globally, women have used both supine and non-supine positions during birth. Women have free choice of birth place and to some extent the birth attendant but their role in the informed choice of birth position has not been clearly defined. The theoretical framework using the Health Belief Model has been used to define the variables related to the awareness and preferences of the users and providers of midwifery care. Objective: To describe the perceptions and preferences of second stage positions by childbearing women and their birth attendants at Moi Teaching and Referal Hospital. Justification and Significance: There is little or no documentation in literature of the perceptions and preferences for birth positions by childbearing women and their birth attendants. Second stage care practices have important effects on fetal oxygenation, pai...
This study sought to develop and factorially validate an attitude to physics scale (A.T.P.S). The... more This study sought to develop and factorially validate an attitude to physics scale (A.T.P.S). The study was an instrumentation research. An initial pool of 100 attitude items was pruned down to 51 items by experts in physics education and Measurement and Evaluation. The 51 items which was in form of likert-type scale formed the preliminary version of the instrument. The instrument was administered on sample of secondary school students. The scores obtained from the items were inter-correlated. The correlation matrix was then factored using the principalaxes method and the factor loading were obtained. The factors were rotated for interpretation of the factors as well as for comparison with others. The results of the factor analysis show that five factor were found factorially valid to explain attitude to physics, each accounting for approximately 13.6% 9.9%, 8.5%, 11.% and 9.5% respectively of the total variance. In all, twenty-four (24) items were found valid factorially to explain the factors.
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