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    Carleton University Library Archives & Special Collections (ASC)
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    Research and creative works by Carleton authors and researchers and the official repository for Carleton theses and dissertations
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Recent Submissions

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    Canada in the Global Refugee Regime
    (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2026) Benson, Nathan; Milner, James; Nakache, Delphine
    With global cooperation on refugee protection under mounting strain, understanding the role of individual states has never been more urgent. Canada in the Global Refugee Regime offers the first comprehensive look at Canada’s involvement with the institutions and norms of this regime and the politics that shape refugee protection worldwide. Bringing together leading experts from multiple disciplines, this volume explores how Canada has influenced global refugee responses and where its impact has been more muted. Chapters examine the country’s actions in international forums; its resettlement and sponsorship initiatives; its engagement in key regional contexts such as Latin America, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East; and the links between refugee policy and foreign policy. Contributors reflect on the relationship between Canada’s international leadership and its domestic practices, offering a nuanced account that moves beyond simplistic narratives of benevolence. Canada in the Global Refugee Regime invites readers to rethink the regime itself - not as a fixed system, but as a contested space shaped by the interests and actions of states and other participants. It is an essential resource for scholars, students, and policy actors seeking to understand how a single state navigates, contributes to, and is shaped by the global politics of refugee protection.
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    Refugee-Led Organizations in Uganda : Agency, Gender, and Politics of Self- Organizing in Exile
    (McGill- Queen’s University Press, 2026) Krause, Ulrike; Joshua, Gato Ndabaramiye; Schmidt, Hannah
    Self-organization plays an essential yet often overlooked role in the everyday lives of refugees in exile. By self-organizing, they challenge restrictions, claim political representation, foster social relations and belonging, and create ongoing economic opportunities. While government authorities and aid organizations are supposed to provide protection and assistance, refugees often continue to face adversities, restrictions, and risks, prompting them to establish and maintain their own support systems. Refugee-Led Organizations in Uganda offers nuanced insight into the problems arising from the aid system and especially the significance of the spectrum of informal and formalized self-organizations. Ulrike Krause, Gato Ndabaramiye Joshua, and Hannah Schmidt draw on a gender-sensitive understanding of relational agency and situated knowledge and use empirical research in Uganda’s camp Kyaka II and the capital, Kampala, to reveal how individuals collectively contribute to their own support in times of emergency and in everyday life. Interwoven with reflections written by refugees in Uganda – Bengekya Mugay Gédéon, Noella Kabale, Paul, Janvier Hafasha, and Isreal Katembo, as well as the director of an LGBTQ+ refugee-led organization – the book centres on individuals’ lived experiences of self-organization in exile.
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    Software security in practice: knowledge and motivation
    (Oxford University Press, 2025-03-12) Assal, Hala; Morkonda, Srivathsan G.; Arif, Muhammad Zaid; Chiasson, Sonia
    Developing secure software remains a challenge for developers despite the availability of security resources and secure development tools. Common factors affecting software security include the developer’s security awareness and the rationales behind their development decisions with respect to security. In this work, we conducted interviews with software developers to examine how developers in organizations acquire security knowledge, and what factors motivate or prevent developers from adopting software security practices. Our analysis reveals that developers’ security knowledge and motivations are intertwined aspects that are both important for promoting security in development teams. We identified a variety of learning opportunities used by developers and employers for increasing security awareness, including in-context learning activities preferred by developers. Based on our application of the self-determination theory, better security outcomes are expected when developers are internally driven toward security, rather than motivated by external factors; this aligns with our interpretation of participants’ descriptions relating to security outcomes within their teams. Based on our analysis, we provide ideas on how to motivate developers to internalize security and improve their security practices.
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    Oblivious network intrusion detection systems
    (Nature Research, 2023-12-15) Sayed, Mahmoud AbdelHafeez; Taha, Mostafa
    A main function of network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) is to monitor network traffic and match it against rules. Oblivious NIDSs (O-NIDS) perform the same tasks of NIDSs but they use encrypted rules and produce encrypted results without being able to decrypt the rules or the results. Current implementations of O-NIDS suffer from slow searching speeds and/or lack of generality. In this paper, we present a generic approach to implement a privacy-preserving O-NIDS based on hybrid binary gates. We also present two resource-flexible algorithm bundles built upon the hybrid binary gates to perform the NIDS’s essential tasks of direct matching and range matching as a proof of concept. Our approach utilizes a Homomorphic Encryption (HE) layer in an abstract fashion, which makes it implementable by many HE schemes compared to the state-of-the-art where the underlying HE scheme is a core part of the approach. This feature allowed the use of already-existing HE libraries that utilize parallelization techniques in GPUs for faster performance. We achieved a rule encryption time as low as 0.012% of the state of the art with only 0.047% of its encrypted rule size. Also, we achieved a rule-matching speed that is almost 20,000 times faster than the state of the art.
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    Meeting dietary health objectives through farming: A feminist review of biofortification and potential for genome editing in sub-Saharan Africa
    (University of California Press, 2025-03-24) Rao, Sheila
    Agri-food system responses to malnutrition aim to reach population-level impact with strategies such as biofortification. By increasing the nutrient content in crops through transgenics or conventional breeding, supporters of biofortification describe the technology as a cost-effective, scalable, and marketable strategy for addressing nutrition-related health challenges. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), governments of Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa, supported by private foundations and bilateral development agencies, are taking the lead in researching the potential for genome-editing technologies that could develop and distribute biofortified crops more efficiently than other breeding techniques. While increasing production of nutrient-rich food is widely considered to be an effective strategy for addressing malnutrition, the gendered aspects of how biofortified crops are integrated into daily farming and food practices tends to be overlooked. This article argues that a broader framing of dietary health beyond nutrient uptake through feminist agroecology opens opportunities for responses that consider the socio-economic and environmental drivers of nutritional health challenges. This article reviews recent research on the gendered implications of biofortified crops in SSA to explore both the limitations in biofortified crop investments and possibilities for feminist responses to dietary health challenges and nutritional deficiencies in the region. It examines various framings of nutritional health in agri-food development that shape the design, financing, and implementation of global responses to malnutrition. Specific crop breeding and cultivation processes such as trait and crop selection, labor divisions at the farm level, and commercialization of food crops are examined through case studies. Three biofortified crops are reviewed—Quality Protein Maize in Ethiopia, biofortified banana in Uganda, and orange sweet potato in Tanzania—with an eye to considering the potential impacts of feminist agroecology on local food systems. In doing so, the article aims to apply lessons learned from biofortification to current genome-editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated protein).