Page 1. América Latina: ¿Vuelta al pasado estatista-proteccionista o en la senda de políticas de ... more Page 1. América Latina: ¿Vuelta al pasado estatista-proteccionista o en la senda de políticas de consenso democrático? Diana Tussie y Pablo Heidrich Foreign Affairs en Español Abril-Junio 2006 El mayor éxito de esta campaña fue que todos hablaron de desigualdad. ...
The international development community has become increasingly concerned with the role of the pr... more The international development community has become increasingly concerned with the role of the private sector in development. Historically, developed countries - the traditional providers of official development assistance - have sought to promote private sector development in developing countries. More recently, however, there has been an increasing focus on partnership with the private sector to address development challenges. While research on traditional donor approaches to the private sector is emerging, much less is known about the role of the private sector in South-South Development Cooperation (SSDC). This article seeks to begin addressing this gap by examining the theoretical and de facto roles given to the private sector in SSDC, using the Latin American region as a case study. The region provides a useful case because of its density of development cooperation initiatives, relatively high degree of institutionalization in areas relating to political and economic cooperation, and diversity in terms of size and levels of development across countries. Drawing from Kindornay and Reilly-King’s (2013) categorization of traditional donor approaches to the private sector as a basis for analysis, the article looks at how SSDC providers in Latin America engage the private sector. By reviewing policies and activities in the region, the article shows where SSDC providers in Latin America and traditional donors are engaging in similar activities for private sector development. It also shows that, unlike traditional donors, providers of SSDC in Latin America have yet to embrace the private sector as a key partner in development.
This dissertation consists of three related essays. The first looks at how developing countries a... more This dissertation consists of three related essays. The first looks at how developing countries at times deal simultaneously with two different but recurrent events of economic globalization: financial crises and trade negotiations. Most current research however does not consider the interrelations of these two. This paper takes then two large developing countries, Brazil and Argentina, involved in bilateral trade bargaining just as they are stricken by financial crises. Considering ongoing negotiations plus others resulting from the crises themselves, this paper hypothesizes that countries change behavior according to how the industrial sectors involved in those negotiations are affected by the crises. The specific characteristics of a financial meltdown, scarcity of lending capital and a drop in the real cost of labor when there is a devaluation, concur to modify their negotiating positions. Furthermore, the likeliness of contagion makes countries more or less accommodating to the...
in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). It remains unclear whether neural remodeling is limited ... more in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). It remains unclear whether neural remodeling is limited in SG or throughout the SNS. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether MI induces neuronal remodeling of IML with special focus on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase receptor (TrkB) axis. Methods: MI was induced in a rat model by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Neural remodeling in the IML and SG was assessed by immunohistochemistry 2 weeks after MI. The mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF, TrkB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were measured 1 week after MI. Results: The tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreacrtive neuronal size in SG were enlarged after MI compared to sham (483.1±34.2 μm 2 vs. 430.5±20.0 μm 2 , P<0.01) The choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive neuronal size (193.5±16.0 μm 2 vs. 169.1±8.5 μm 2 , P<0.01, figure) and axonal density (60587±21767 μm 2 /mm 2 vs. 31380±17026 μm 2 /mm 2 , P<0.05) in IML were increased after MI compared to sham. The density of growth-associated protein-43, a protein upregulated in axons undergoing nerve sprouting, was increased after MI compared to sham (60587±21767 μm 2 /mm 2 vs. 31380±17026 μm 2 /mm 2 , P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of BDNF and TrkB in IML were significantly higher in the MI group than in the sham group. In addition, mRNA expression of BDNF (1.8±0.9fold change vs. sham, P<0.01) and TrkB (1.3±0.2-fold change vs. sham, P<0.05) in the spinal cord at the Th2 level was increased after MI. However, mRNA levels of nerve growth factor and its receptor TrkA were not increased, suggesting that BDNF-TrkB axis plays pivotal roles in the neural remodeling in IML. Finally, the downstream of TrkB signaling was assessed. The percentage of phospho-ERKimmunoreactive cells in IML was significantly higher in the MI group than in the sham group (62±20% vs. 12±10%, P<0.05), consistent with the increased ratio of phospho-ERK/total ERK at the corresponding level of spinal cord in MI group assessed by Western blotting (1.7±0.2-fold change vs. sham, P<0.05). These data suggest that increased expressions of the BDNF-TrkB axis in IML lead to ERK activation with resultant neuronal hypertrophy of IML and sprouting into SG after MI. Conclusion: Neuronal remodeling in IML as well as in SG is induced after MI probably via activation of the BDNF-TrkB axis. Morphological remodeling throughout the SNS may be involved in sustained activation of sympathetic tone after MI.
Este trabajo resume la evolución de la política y economía argentina durante los dos primeros año... more Este trabajo resume la evolución de la política y economía argentina durante los dos primeros años de gobierno de Néstor Kirchner. Da primero un marco político general de este período, para luego analizar en detalle la situación económica y las políticas del gobierno en este ...
15 Regional Agreements and the WTO: The Gyrating Gears of Interdependence PABLO HEIDRICH AND DIAN... more 15 Regional Agreements and the WTO: The Gyrating Gears of Interdependence PABLO HEIDRICH AND DIANA TUSSIE I. Introduction In order to map a route it first helps to know where you are going. Before delving into the challenges posed by proliferating regional and preferential ...
Este articulo analiza las politicas economicas, incluidas las de comercio, adoptadas por gobierno... more Este articulo analiza las politicas economicas, incluidas las de comercio, adoptadas por gobiernos electos en reaccion a dos decadas de hegemonia neoliberal en America latina. Estudiar estos caminos nos permite discutir el alcance del cambio de politica y observar las contradicciones y limitaciones de los gobiernos pos-neoliberales. Analizamos de que manera estas politicas se ocupan de las tensiones y limitaciones que dejo el neoliberalismo mientras que, al mismo tiempo, intentan cumplir con algunas aspiraciones provenientes de la izquierda. Mas alla de las diferencias manifiestas entre dichos gobiernos, puede observarse la emergencia de una nueva disposicion ideologica caracterizada por la emergencia de una creencia pragmatica en la intervencion estatal y la busqueda de un nuevo contrato social anclado en politicas macroeconomicas prudentes.
This publication provides essential background information and analysis on what is at stake for C... more This publication provides essential background information and analysis on what is at stake for Canada in its participation, either as observer or full member, to the Pacific Alliance. This new regional grouping from Latin America is rapidly establishing a trade liberalization agenda that goes much deeper and faster than previous initiatives to facilitate the flows of trade, investments and peoples across borders.
After more than a year of negotiations with the IMF, the Argentine government got an agreement si... more After more than a year of negotiations with the IMF, the Argentine government got an agreement signed on January 24th, 2003. It was obtained in spite of great opposition on the part of the directorship of the IMF and of several of the members of its advisory council. The reason for the change in position of the IMF were three. First, some of the main shareholders of the IMF (US, Spain, Italy and France) pushed for an agreement to secure the investment positions in Argentina ; second, the improvement in economic performance of Argentina during the second half of 2002 took away the arguments from the IMF and the US and European press that no negotiation was possible with a country on a free fall ; and third, the IMF itself was in risk of having a US$1bn loan defaulted by Argentina (plus a US$680m. default to the IADB and a US$800m to the World Bank). Therefore, the combination of these three factors pushed the IMF to sign an agreement with Argentina.
Duhalde ha cumplido un semestre de gobierno en Argentina. Eligio ese aniversario para realizar un... more Duhalde ha cumplido un semestre de gobierno en Argentina. Eligio ese aniversario para realizar un llamado a elecciones presidenciales en Marzo del 2003 y a comicios primarios, para todos los partidos en simultaneo, en Septiembre del corriente ano. Intentando mostrar control de la situacion, Duhalde en los hechos confirmo que el espacio politico que se le habia entregado para realizar la transicion del fallido gobierno de De la Rua se agoto rapidamente, mucho antes del planeado bienio con el que habia sido ungido por el parlamento en los ultimos dias del 2001. Las razones de este rapido agotamiento son fundamentalmente tres : aislamiento internacional, fallidas politicas de estabilizacion macroeconomica y creciente polarizacion del arco politico domestico. Este trabajo tomara cada una de estos temas por separado para luego mostrar como en conjunto, estas han dado un fin abreviado, una vez mas, a un gobierno argentino incapaz de solucionar la crisis economica reinante y asi reducir la...
El diario de mayor circulacion del pais – Clarin - les preguntaba hoy (25/10/01) a sus lectores d... more El diario de mayor circulacion del pais – Clarin - les preguntaba hoy (25/10/01) a sus lectores de Internet si estaban sorprendidos por el resultado de las elecciones parlamentarias de la semana antepasada. El 80% indico no estarlo de ninguna manera. Sin embargo, la clase politica si esta sorprendida y mas bien, shockeada. Por primera vez desde la reinstauracion democratica, hace 18 anos, un 25% del electorado decidio no ir a votar, a pesar de ser esto un deber ciudadano cuyo incumplimiento esta penalizado por ley. Ademas, otro 15% del padron nacional decidio concurrir pero para anular sus votos o votar en blanco. La suma de estos porcentajes, en una nueva categoria llamada "voto bronca", es casi ocho millones de sufragios, dos millones mas que lo obtenido por el ganador, el Partido Justicialista (Peronista) y que duplica los votos conseguidos por la Alianza, el partido del gobierno de Fernando de la Rua.
Page 1. América Latina: ¿Vuelta al pasado estatista-proteccionista o en la senda de políticas de ... more Page 1. América Latina: ¿Vuelta al pasado estatista-proteccionista o en la senda de políticas de consenso democrático? Diana Tussie y Pablo Heidrich Foreign Affairs en Español Abril-Junio 2006 El mayor éxito de esta campaña fue que todos hablaron de desigualdad. ...
The international development community has become increasingly concerned with the role of the pr... more The international development community has become increasingly concerned with the role of the private sector in development. Historically, developed countries - the traditional providers of official development assistance - have sought to promote private sector development in developing countries. More recently, however, there has been an increasing focus on partnership with the private sector to address development challenges. While research on traditional donor approaches to the private sector is emerging, much less is known about the role of the private sector in South-South Development Cooperation (SSDC). This article seeks to begin addressing this gap by examining the theoretical and de facto roles given to the private sector in SSDC, using the Latin American region as a case study. The region provides a useful case because of its density of development cooperation initiatives, relatively high degree of institutionalization in areas relating to political and economic cooperation, and diversity in terms of size and levels of development across countries. Drawing from Kindornay and Reilly-King’s (2013) categorization of traditional donor approaches to the private sector as a basis for analysis, the article looks at how SSDC providers in Latin America engage the private sector. By reviewing policies and activities in the region, the article shows where SSDC providers in Latin America and traditional donors are engaging in similar activities for private sector development. It also shows that, unlike traditional donors, providers of SSDC in Latin America have yet to embrace the private sector as a key partner in development.
This dissertation consists of three related essays. The first looks at how developing countries a... more This dissertation consists of three related essays. The first looks at how developing countries at times deal simultaneously with two different but recurrent events of economic globalization: financial crises and trade negotiations. Most current research however does not consider the interrelations of these two. This paper takes then two large developing countries, Brazil and Argentina, involved in bilateral trade bargaining just as they are stricken by financial crises. Considering ongoing negotiations plus others resulting from the crises themselves, this paper hypothesizes that countries change behavior according to how the industrial sectors involved in those negotiations are affected by the crises. The specific characteristics of a financial meltdown, scarcity of lending capital and a drop in the real cost of labor when there is a devaluation, concur to modify their negotiating positions. Furthermore, the likeliness of contagion makes countries more or less accommodating to the...
in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). It remains unclear whether neural remodeling is limited ... more in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). It remains unclear whether neural remodeling is limited in SG or throughout the SNS. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether MI induces neuronal remodeling of IML with special focus on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase receptor (TrkB) axis. Methods: MI was induced in a rat model by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Neural remodeling in the IML and SG was assessed by immunohistochemistry 2 weeks after MI. The mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF, TrkB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were measured 1 week after MI. Results: The tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreacrtive neuronal size in SG were enlarged after MI compared to sham (483.1±34.2 μm 2 vs. 430.5±20.0 μm 2 , P<0.01) The choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive neuronal size (193.5±16.0 μm 2 vs. 169.1±8.5 μm 2 , P<0.01, figure) and axonal density (60587±21767 μm 2 /mm 2 vs. 31380±17026 μm 2 /mm 2 , P<0.05) in IML were increased after MI compared to sham. The density of growth-associated protein-43, a protein upregulated in axons undergoing nerve sprouting, was increased after MI compared to sham (60587±21767 μm 2 /mm 2 vs. 31380±17026 μm 2 /mm 2 , P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of BDNF and TrkB in IML were significantly higher in the MI group than in the sham group. In addition, mRNA expression of BDNF (1.8±0.9fold change vs. sham, P<0.01) and TrkB (1.3±0.2-fold change vs. sham, P<0.05) in the spinal cord at the Th2 level was increased after MI. However, mRNA levels of nerve growth factor and its receptor TrkA were not increased, suggesting that BDNF-TrkB axis plays pivotal roles in the neural remodeling in IML. Finally, the downstream of TrkB signaling was assessed. The percentage of phospho-ERKimmunoreactive cells in IML was significantly higher in the MI group than in the sham group (62±20% vs. 12±10%, P<0.05), consistent with the increased ratio of phospho-ERK/total ERK at the corresponding level of spinal cord in MI group assessed by Western blotting (1.7±0.2-fold change vs. sham, P<0.05). These data suggest that increased expressions of the BDNF-TrkB axis in IML lead to ERK activation with resultant neuronal hypertrophy of IML and sprouting into SG after MI. Conclusion: Neuronal remodeling in IML as well as in SG is induced after MI probably via activation of the BDNF-TrkB axis. Morphological remodeling throughout the SNS may be involved in sustained activation of sympathetic tone after MI.
Este trabajo resume la evolución de la política y economía argentina durante los dos primeros año... more Este trabajo resume la evolución de la política y economía argentina durante los dos primeros años de gobierno de Néstor Kirchner. Da primero un marco político general de este período, para luego analizar en detalle la situación económica y las políticas del gobierno en este ...
15 Regional Agreements and the WTO: The Gyrating Gears of Interdependence PABLO HEIDRICH AND DIAN... more 15 Regional Agreements and the WTO: The Gyrating Gears of Interdependence PABLO HEIDRICH AND DIANA TUSSIE I. Introduction In order to map a route it first helps to know where you are going. Before delving into the challenges posed by proliferating regional and preferential ...
Este articulo analiza las politicas economicas, incluidas las de comercio, adoptadas por gobierno... more Este articulo analiza las politicas economicas, incluidas las de comercio, adoptadas por gobiernos electos en reaccion a dos decadas de hegemonia neoliberal en America latina. Estudiar estos caminos nos permite discutir el alcance del cambio de politica y observar las contradicciones y limitaciones de los gobiernos pos-neoliberales. Analizamos de que manera estas politicas se ocupan de las tensiones y limitaciones que dejo el neoliberalismo mientras que, al mismo tiempo, intentan cumplir con algunas aspiraciones provenientes de la izquierda. Mas alla de las diferencias manifiestas entre dichos gobiernos, puede observarse la emergencia de una nueva disposicion ideologica caracterizada por la emergencia de una creencia pragmatica en la intervencion estatal y la busqueda de un nuevo contrato social anclado en politicas macroeconomicas prudentes.
This publication provides essential background information and analysis on what is at stake for C... more This publication provides essential background information and analysis on what is at stake for Canada in its participation, either as observer or full member, to the Pacific Alliance. This new regional grouping from Latin America is rapidly establishing a trade liberalization agenda that goes much deeper and faster than previous initiatives to facilitate the flows of trade, investments and peoples across borders.
After more than a year of negotiations with the IMF, the Argentine government got an agreement si... more After more than a year of negotiations with the IMF, the Argentine government got an agreement signed on January 24th, 2003. It was obtained in spite of great opposition on the part of the directorship of the IMF and of several of the members of its advisory council. The reason for the change in position of the IMF were three. First, some of the main shareholders of the IMF (US, Spain, Italy and France) pushed for an agreement to secure the investment positions in Argentina ; second, the improvement in economic performance of Argentina during the second half of 2002 took away the arguments from the IMF and the US and European press that no negotiation was possible with a country on a free fall ; and third, the IMF itself was in risk of having a US$1bn loan defaulted by Argentina (plus a US$680m. default to the IADB and a US$800m to the World Bank). Therefore, the combination of these three factors pushed the IMF to sign an agreement with Argentina.
Duhalde ha cumplido un semestre de gobierno en Argentina. Eligio ese aniversario para realizar un... more Duhalde ha cumplido un semestre de gobierno en Argentina. Eligio ese aniversario para realizar un llamado a elecciones presidenciales en Marzo del 2003 y a comicios primarios, para todos los partidos en simultaneo, en Septiembre del corriente ano. Intentando mostrar control de la situacion, Duhalde en los hechos confirmo que el espacio politico que se le habia entregado para realizar la transicion del fallido gobierno de De la Rua se agoto rapidamente, mucho antes del planeado bienio con el que habia sido ungido por el parlamento en los ultimos dias del 2001. Las razones de este rapido agotamiento son fundamentalmente tres : aislamiento internacional, fallidas politicas de estabilizacion macroeconomica y creciente polarizacion del arco politico domestico. Este trabajo tomara cada una de estos temas por separado para luego mostrar como en conjunto, estas han dado un fin abreviado, una vez mas, a un gobierno argentino incapaz de solucionar la crisis economica reinante y asi reducir la...
El diario de mayor circulacion del pais – Clarin - les preguntaba hoy (25/10/01) a sus lectores d... more El diario de mayor circulacion del pais – Clarin - les preguntaba hoy (25/10/01) a sus lectores de Internet si estaban sorprendidos por el resultado de las elecciones parlamentarias de la semana antepasada. El 80% indico no estarlo de ninguna manera. Sin embargo, la clase politica si esta sorprendida y mas bien, shockeada. Por primera vez desde la reinstauracion democratica, hace 18 anos, un 25% del electorado decidio no ir a votar, a pesar de ser esto un deber ciudadano cuyo incumplimiento esta penalizado por ley. Ademas, otro 15% del padron nacional decidio concurrir pero para anular sus votos o votar en blanco. La suma de estos porcentajes, en una nueva categoria llamada "voto bronca", es casi ocho millones de sufragios, dos millones mas que lo obtenido por el ganador, el Partido Justicialista (Peronista) y que duplica los votos conseguidos por la Alianza, el partido del gobierno de Fernando de la Rua.
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