Papers by Gitte Lindgaard
International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, 2014
The purpose of this field study was investigate teamwork and communication among event management... more The purpose of this field study was investigate teamwork and communication among event management personnel, to assess the degree to which PROBE, the advanced prototype they were using to manage a CBRNE simulation, would adequately meet their needs. The study was a continuation of previous research conducted in the early phase of PROBE development. Two communication-related analyses were applied to identify instances of effective and of ineffective communication among the management team. These revealed that communication was mostly effective. However, the one serious communication breakdown that was observed could have had fatal consequences. It showed that great care must be taken to ensure the safety of first responders at all times when evaluating prototypes in the field. A list of questions was generated from the lessons learned to assist future researchers prepare for CBRNE field studies.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
In this chapter the authors argue that it is time for the mobile HCI community to think beyond th... more In this chapter the authors argue that it is time for the mobile HCI community to think beyond the traditional screen-keyboard-mouse paradigm and explore the many possibilities that mobility, mobile platforms, and people on the move offer. They present a collection of ideas aiming to encourage HCI researchers to explore how up-and-coming mobile technologies can inspire new interaction models, alternative I/O methods, and data collection methods. In particular, they discuss potential applications for gesture-as well as sound-based technologies. The range of possible applications designed to make life easier for specified user populations is limited, they maintain, only by their imagination to understand novel problem spaces, to mix, match and expand on existing methods as well as to invent, test, and validate new methods.
Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, Apr 3, 2014
We studied collaborating interface designers and software developers engaged in multidisciplinary... more We studied collaborating interface designers and software developers engaged in multidisciplinary software creation work. Twenty-one designers and developers in 8 organizations were interviewed to understand how each specialist viewed team interactions. We also shadowed most participants as they worked on novel software projects with user interface design challenges. A grounded theory analysis of interview transcripts showed that designers and developers construct unique identities in the process of collaborating that provide meaning to their artefact-mediated interactions, and that help them to effectively accomplish the work of creating novel software. Our model of interactional identities specifies a number of aspects of joint project work in which an interactional identity is expressed. We suggest these identities are constructed to bridge a gap between how designers and developers were taught to enact their roles and the demands of project-specific work.
Springer eBooks, 1997
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Following the introduction of Union citizenship by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993, the ECJ has ... more Following the introduction of Union citizenship by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993, the ECJ has emphasised that: ''Union citizenship is destined to be the fundamental status of nationals of the Member States''. This marks a move away from the initial focus on ''market citizens'' in a Community primarily aimed at facilitating cross-border economic activity: a system, which thus did not pay much attention to the rights of non-economically active persons, not to mention rights of third-country nationals. Non-economically active persons consequently have a right to free movement within the EU. In principle, Union citizenship has thus filled the gap between the two groups of Member State nationals, leaving behind third-country nationals residents in the EU, in that Union citizenship is fully dependant on Member State nationality. The establishment of Union citizenship therefore raises two questions&semic on one hand, whether this right to free movement, given to all Member States nationals, is an equal right or if ''market citizens'' continue to enjoy a more privileged position. On the other hand, it raises questions concerning the status of third-country nationals lawfully residing in the EU. These to aspects constitute the focus-point of the present thesis, albeit with emphasis on the rights and level of protection afforded non-economically active Union citizens. Firstly, this implies an examination of the right to move and reside pursuant to Art. 18 EC together with the 2004 Residence Directive. The ECJ has given Art. 18 direct effect. The provision thus grants every union citizen a right to reside in any of the Member States, albeit limited by the Residence Directive, which requires that non-economically active Union citizens have sufficient resources to support themselves. Secondly, Union citizenship has resulted in non-economically active Union citizens being covered by the prohibition of discrimination in Art. 12 EC. This implies that non- economically active Union citizens lawfully residing in another Member State can claim social benefits that fall ratione materiae within the scope of the application of the EC Treaty. In addition, the latest case law of the ECJ indicates that it is moving towards a prohibition of restrictions in the area of free movement of non-economically active Union citizens. A prohibition of restriction is however not fully applicable, albeit the ECJ will take action against national legislation that hinders the free movement of non-economically active Union citizens. Conversely, the EC Treaty does not grant independent rights to free movement in the EU for third-country nationals. Their right to move and reside will merely be derived&semic either as spouses, workers etc. The status and rights of this group of persons follows from secondary legislation, which grants certain privileges to them and extends the right to reside in the EU, as well as the Residence Directive holds a possibility to obtain independent rights. Furthermore, the case law of the ECJ seems to show a tendency of slowly broadening the scope of protection of third-country national residents in the EU, e.g. in relation to the right to vote at elections to the European Parliament. (Less)
This chapter reports on a case study linking several technology devices that monitor a range of v... more This chapter reports on a case study linking several technology devices that monitor a range of vital signs in patients recently discharged to a hospital ward from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Apart from presenting an interesting technological challenge, this closed environment creates unique logistical and physical ergonomic challenges as well as cognitive and perceptual design problems for mobile technology. Devices include desktop computers, touch monitors, and several types of remote mobile devices including PDAs. A number of important design issues are addressed, such as deciding which
Springer eBooks, 2002
This talk aims to show how traditional divisions of labour and responsibilities prevent businesse... more This talk aims to show how traditional divisions of labour and responsibilities prevent businesses from adopting a customer focus, and, more importantly, the negative impact this has on their bottom line. I discuss how Human Computer Interaction (HCI) specialists can help to break down this silo structure and establish a user-or customer-centred focus. By applying HCr methods wisely, internal communication patterns can be revised to maximise the business value of a User-Centred Design (UCD) approach. Focusing first on the Systems Design & Development Process, I draw attention to certain points at which HCI can easily be integrated into the process, outlining some of the costs and the benefits an individual IT project stands to gain. Invariably, both of these sets of figures are surprisingly high. A brief discussion of the user-versus the customer experience aims to show their similarities and how they differ.
Interactions, Jun 27, 2018
Modern cartography, 2005
Abstract There's no doubt about it: playing with multimedia is fun! But it takes more than an... more Abstract There's no doubt about it: playing with multimedia is fun! But it takes more than an understanding of technology to design useful and usable multimedia interfaces. In this chapter we discuss several challenges that multimedia user interface designers face. In an effort to demonstrate why it is so tricky, we discuss a small selection of current cognitive models describing how sensory information may be perceived, interpreted, stored, and retrieved when we need it. Learning processes are then addressed followed by a brief discussion of mental models and the implications of this literature on the way static and animated graphics may be processed. In the context of the amount of information one should present on a page or screen we highlight ways that students' ability and prior knowledge of the topic portrayed in a multimedia application are likely to affect the way they deal with new information. Some frequently observed pitfalls in the way multimedia applications are tested and evaluated are discussed next. This leads into a discussion of the desirability for multimedia applications to invite immersion rather than merely being accessible or interactive. We end with a brief discussion on learning theory on user interface design.
In Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), the usability and aesthetics of webpages have been studied e... more In Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), the usability and aesthetics of webpages have been studied extensively. However, research into participant experience and expertise with the website domain being studied is often overlooked. This paper strived to acquire an understanding of the relationship between usability and visual appeal by examining it in a domain that had less developed mental models, to exclude the influence of past experiences. Two studies were conducted to (1) find a domain with a less developed mental model and (2) examine correlations between usability and aesthetics in the less familiar domain. Results of Study 1 showed that mental models were weaker for city council websites. Results of Study 2 showed that, for city council websites, pre- and post-use perceived usability and visual appeal, perceived usability and the number of passed tasks, and average number of hovers (objective usability) and visual appeal were all significantly and positively correlated.
Further Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cybercartography - International Dimensions and Language Mapping
Abstract Cartography is primarily a visual discipline. The concept of Cybercartography, however, ... more Abstract Cartography is primarily a visual discipline. The concept of Cybercartography, however, helps move cartography beyond the visual modality with the ultimate goal of using all sensory modalities. To this end, Cybercartography permits us to migrate from a unimodal visual approach to a multimodal approach capitalizing upon combinations of sensory modalities, such as visual, auditory, and touch. The main reasons for developing multimodal interfaces are to help users achieve more efficient, natural, usable and easy to learn ways of interacting with computer applications, such as electronic maps. Furthermore, by offering users more extensive computing capabilities, multimodal interfaces permit more empowering applications relative to traditional interfaces. Such empowerment would be exemplified by a dynamic electronic map system, which could be interacted with using auditory, touch, and visual senses. Research is less advanced concerning the relationships between the map symbols and their meaning for nonvisual modalities (e.g., sound and haptic) than for the visual modality. This chapter examines the potential contribution of four nonvisual modalities to enhanced cartographic visualization. Specifically, these modalities are: speech, gesture, sound, and haptic (i.e., touch). Each of these four modalities is discussed in terms of their: (1) relative advantages and limits; (2) unimodal application; (3) multimodal application; and (4) cognitive workload implications.
Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part II
The aircraft seat has been shown to impact passenger comfort experience in the cabin interior. A ... more The aircraft seat has been shown to impact passenger comfort experience in the cabin interior. A previous study defined passenger comfort experience in the cabin in terms of eight experiential themes. This study first investigated the possibility of differentiating passenger comfort and discomfort experience in economy class based on participants’ rating of those themes. No significant differences were found between the two concepts. Second, themes that were found to be most connected to the seat and participants’ respective concerns were highlighted. The theme ‘physical wellbeing’ was mentioned most frequently, followed by ‘peace of mind’, and ‘proxemics’. These three accounted for more than 70% of passengers’ seat experience. Among those, only the physical experience correlated with participants’ height, suggesting that to improve the passengers’ comfort experience, design efforts should go beyond the physical fit of the seat to the occupant’s body and explore passenger’s concerns...
In creating a successful product it is important to understand consumers’ perceptions of a produc... more In creating a successful product it is important to understand consumers’ perceptions of a product early in the design process. Often, design students lack the necessary data collection and user testing skills to support effective design decision-making. Consequently, their products might not be acceptable to the intended consumers and are thus likely to fail in the marketplace. For design students to acquire those skills, design curricula should incorporate statistical courses teaching the concepts of data and user testing. We addressed this challenge by developing an automated tool named DACADE, assisting design students to systematically collect and analyze data. This paper reports the user acceptance study of DACADE designed to determine its level of user satisfaction and aesthetic appeal. The results confirmed a need for a formal introduction to systematic sampling, collection of performance data as well as of opinion data, data analysis, interpretation, and application of stat...
Book Chapter: Ahmadpour, N., Robert, J-M., Lindgaard, G. (2016). Aircraft seat comfort experience... more Book Chapter: Ahmadpour, N., Robert, J-M., Lindgaard, G. (2016). Aircraft seat comfort experience. In: G. D. Bucchianico, A. Vallicelli, N. A. Stanton, and S. J. Landry (eds) (2016), Human Factors in Transportation: Social and Technological Evolution Across Maritime, Road, Rail, and Aviation Domains, Ch.28, 399-411, FL: CRC press. - - -
This paper describes the ongoing design of a web-based application which is intended to help prev... more This paper describes the ongoing design of a web-based application which is intended to help prevent some of the major problems experienced in the 2003 SARS outbreak as well as similar public health crises. It outlines the project, called MedPost, the problems the application addresses, how these are addressed, as well as some of the underlying cognitive and data-related reasons for the problems. The application of a scenario-driven User-Centered Design (UCD) approach adopted for MedPost is described briefly. It allowed us to identify the different types of users who would play a role in a major public health incident. The UCD approach also helped to understand these users' information needs and to design the user interface so as to avoid information overload
International Association for Development of the Information Society, 2014
This research compared undergraduate Novices and PhD Experts in psychology and business in their ... more This research compared undergraduate Novices and PhD Experts in psychology and business in their exploration of psychology and business domain graphs. An overall expertise effect in graph explanation was found. Results indicated that Novices paused longer than Experts before beginning their explanations. Qualitative analyses showed that Experts were generally more complete in their explanations, generating more inferences, more quantitative statements, and more conceptual messages. Psychology Experts tended to generate more complete explanations for psychology-domain graphs whereas Business Experts generate less complete explanations for business-domain graphs. The results suggest that Experts have superior strategies to Novices in graph exploration that may be accommodated by the graph comprehension model of Pinker (1990). An implication of these results is that simple instructions may greatly enhance the data literacy of students and might be embodied in data visualization tools f...
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2017
This paper explores possible solutions to overcome the problem of design students lacking the ski... more This paper explores possible solutions to overcome the problem of design students lacking the skills and knowledge of user testing and data analysis to inform design decision-making that can help them to create successful products. A preliminary investigation and review is reported of existing visual interactive software tools intended to support design students and lecturers. Some of these tools might meet the requirements for teaching sampling methods (selecting suitable people and products) as well as testing techniques including data collection, analysis, and interpretation to design students. A discussion of existing visual software tools is presented first, followed by a discussion of the relative merits and disadvantages of these, and a summary is presented at the end of the paper.
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Papers by Gitte Lindgaard