International Association for Development of the Information Society, 2014
This research compared undergraduate Novices and PhD Experts in psychology and business in their ... more This research compared undergraduate Novices and PhD Experts in psychology and business in their exploration of psychology and business domain graphs. An overall expertise effect in graph explanation was found. Results indicated that Novices paused longer than Experts before beginning their explanations. Qualitative analyses showed that Experts were generally more complete in their explanations, generating more inferences, more quantitative statements, and more conceptual messages. Psychology Experts tended to generate more complete explanations for psychology-domain graphs whereas Business Experts generate less complete explanations for business-domain graphs. The results suggest that Experts have superior strategies to Novices in graph exploration that may be accommodated by the graph comprehension model of Pinker (1990). An implication of these results is that simple instructions may greatly enhance the data literacy of students and might be embodied in data visualization tools for adults and researchers as well.
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Nov 1, 2013
This paper reports a case study of the iterative design and evaluation of a natural languagedrive... more This paper reports a case study of the iterative design and evaluation of a natural languagedriven assistive technology, iGraph-Lite, providing people who are blind access to line graphs. Two laboratory-based usability studies involving blind and sighted people are presented with a discussion of the ensuing implementation of changes. Blind participants were found to adopt different graph interrogation strategies than sighted participants. A small field study is then reported in which a blind user who works with graphs took part to determine the degree to which the iGraph-Lite commands would meet the needs of blind graph experts. The final study invited sighted graph experts and novices to visually inspect and explain a set of line graphs comparable to those used in the usability studies. It aimed to highlight the concepts and the range of words sighted people use, to ascertain the appropriateness of the iGraph-Lite lexicon. A set of preliminary guidelines is presented.
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society annual meeting, Sep 1, 1986
A relatively new area of development is integrated voice and data systems. With its advent come c... more A relatively new area of development is integrated voice and data systems. With its advent come challenges for both the engineering and behavoural scientists. Because integrated voice and data systems provide an opportunity to rely on human social interactions and communication, the user interface for such an integrated system is greatly simplified. Below we describe the behavioural issues which have guided the development of an integrated voice-data system.
When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to contr... more When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to control and combine information into a manageable format. The PROBE project addresses this problem by developing two generations of working prototypes capable of undergoing live field tests and evaluation by a wide-ranging community of CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives) responders. The paper reports the derivation of preliminary user requirements for PROBE based on interviews and observations of a large-scale simulated CBRNE exercise. Five Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers shadowed specialists representing different responder agencies (Emergency Medical Services, police, hazardous materials expert) during the three-hour exercise. Relying on cognitive ethnography, a variant of the concept of distributed cognition, video and audio recordings were merged with notes taken during the exercise and used to derive the preliminary user requirements. The study sh...
A terminal, comprises a base module having at least one connector for coupling the base module to... more A terminal, comprises a base module having at least one connector for coupling the base module to a telephone switching system or a server; and a receptacle for an enhancement module for the terminal which provides enhanced telephony features or functionality beyond that which is provided by the base module itself.
We are attempting to understand the benefits and limits associated with multi-media maps by follo... more We are attempting to understand the benefits and limits associated with multi-media maps by following a human information processing research tradition that compares the performance of experts versus novices in a given domain. For navigation around the built environment we have documented the landmarks utilized by visually impaired participants and compared them to those used by sighted participants. Our preliminary data suggests that the landmarks enunciated by our sighted participants fall within a narrow visual cone associated with their sightlines. In contrast, our participants who are visually impaired enunciated landmarks that fell in a much broader field that included the textures and surfaces below their feet; the wind; sounds; and smells. These findings point to the elements that should be included in tactile maps and provides clues to our understanding of the cognitive maps that all of us create to navigate the world.
The purpose of this paper was to identify an effective user-requirements data analysis method for... more The purpose of this paper was to identify an effective user-requirements data analysis method for informing the design of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) management decision support system. Data were collected from a large simulation involving medical, police, hazmat/firefighters and subjected to three different kinds of analysis methods: Social Network Analysis, Content Analysis, and Observational Analysis. While all three methods yielded valuable information, the observational method was by far the best for the present purpose.
An interactive subscriber telephone terminal, comprising: a display screen 19; a plurality of tem... more An interactive subscriber telephone terminal, comprising: a display screen 19; a plurality of temporarily definable response/data entry keys 18; and local control means 17 for selectively causing the display screen 19 and/or the response/data entry keys 18 to be controlled by one of: remote signals transmitted to the terminal from a telephone switching office, and the local control means. The method of operating this microprocessor controlled telephone set, which incorporates a user-data memory, comprises the steps of: accessing the user data memory by defining a set of utility functions in a physical access module; translating a logical access request originated by a user of the telephone set to a corresponding utility function; and generating a logical access request in response to activation of a function-key.
The author has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, ... more The author has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, communicate to the public by telecommunication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for commercial or noncommercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou autres formats.
When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to contr... more When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to control and combine information into a manageable format. The PROBE project addresses this problem by developing two generations of working prototypes capable of undergoing live field tests and evaluation by a wide-ranging community of CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives) responders. The paper reports the derivation of preliminary user requirements for PROBE based on interviews and observations of a large-scale simulated CBRNE exercise. Five Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers shadowed specialists representing different responder agencies (Emergency Medical Services, police, hazardous materials expert) during the three-hour exercise. Relying on cognitive ethnography, a variant of the concept of distributed cognition, video and audio recordings were merged with notes taken during the exercise and used to derive the preliminary user requirements. The study sh...
With a focus on ecological validity and behavioural measures, our interest is in reality testing ... more With a focus on ecological validity and behavioural measures, our interest is in reality testing of applications based on new or emerging technologies. In particular, mobile and entertainment applications are simply not amenable to classic laboratory testing. Furthermore, standard usability measures of efficiency and effectiveness are not always relevant to these new situations and environments. The challenge is to balance
International Association for Development of the Information Society, 2014
This research compared undergraduate Novices and PhD Experts in psychology and business in their ... more This research compared undergraduate Novices and PhD Experts in psychology and business in their exploration of psychology and business domain graphs. An overall expertise effect in graph explanation was found. Results indicated that Novices paused longer than Experts before beginning their explanations. Qualitative analyses showed that Experts were generally more complete in their explanations, generating more inferences, more quantitative statements, and more conceptual messages. Psychology Experts tended to generate more complete explanations for psychology-domain graphs whereas Business Experts generate less complete explanations for business-domain graphs. The results suggest that Experts have superior strategies to Novices in graph exploration that may be accommodated by the graph comprehension model of Pinker (1990). An implication of these results is that simple instructions may greatly enhance the data literacy of students and might be embodied in data visualization tools for adults and researchers as well.
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Nov 1, 2013
This paper reports a case study of the iterative design and evaluation of a natural languagedrive... more This paper reports a case study of the iterative design and evaluation of a natural languagedriven assistive technology, iGraph-Lite, providing people who are blind access to line graphs. Two laboratory-based usability studies involving blind and sighted people are presented with a discussion of the ensuing implementation of changes. Blind participants were found to adopt different graph interrogation strategies than sighted participants. A small field study is then reported in which a blind user who works with graphs took part to determine the degree to which the iGraph-Lite commands would meet the needs of blind graph experts. The final study invited sighted graph experts and novices to visually inspect and explain a set of line graphs comparable to those used in the usability studies. It aimed to highlight the concepts and the range of words sighted people use, to ascertain the appropriateness of the iGraph-Lite lexicon. A set of preliminary guidelines is presented.
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society annual meeting, Sep 1, 1986
A relatively new area of development is integrated voice and data systems. With its advent come c... more A relatively new area of development is integrated voice and data systems. With its advent come challenges for both the engineering and behavoural scientists. Because integrated voice and data systems provide an opportunity to rely on human social interactions and communication, the user interface for such an integrated system is greatly simplified. Below we describe the behavioural issues which have guided the development of an integrated voice-data system.
When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to contr... more When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to control and combine information into a manageable format. The PROBE project addresses this problem by developing two generations of working prototypes capable of undergoing live field tests and evaluation by a wide-ranging community of CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives) responders. The paper reports the derivation of preliminary user requirements for PROBE based on interviews and observations of a large-scale simulated CBRNE exercise. Five Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers shadowed specialists representing different responder agencies (Emergency Medical Services, police, hazardous materials expert) during the three-hour exercise. Relying on cognitive ethnography, a variant of the concept of distributed cognition, video and audio recordings were merged with notes taken during the exercise and used to derive the preliminary user requirements. The study sh...
A terminal, comprises a base module having at least one connector for coupling the base module to... more A terminal, comprises a base module having at least one connector for coupling the base module to a telephone switching system or a server; and a receptacle for an enhancement module for the terminal which provides enhanced telephony features or functionality beyond that which is provided by the base module itself.
We are attempting to understand the benefits and limits associated with multi-media maps by follo... more We are attempting to understand the benefits and limits associated with multi-media maps by following a human information processing research tradition that compares the performance of experts versus novices in a given domain. For navigation around the built environment we have documented the landmarks utilized by visually impaired participants and compared them to those used by sighted participants. Our preliminary data suggests that the landmarks enunciated by our sighted participants fall within a narrow visual cone associated with their sightlines. In contrast, our participants who are visually impaired enunciated landmarks that fell in a much broader field that included the textures and surfaces below their feet; the wind; sounds; and smells. These findings point to the elements that should be included in tactile maps and provides clues to our understanding of the cognitive maps that all of us create to navigate the world.
The purpose of this paper was to identify an effective user-requirements data analysis method for... more The purpose of this paper was to identify an effective user-requirements data analysis method for informing the design of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) management decision support system. Data were collected from a large simulation involving medical, police, hazmat/firefighters and subjected to three different kinds of analysis methods: Social Network Analysis, Content Analysis, and Observational Analysis. While all three methods yielded valuable information, the observational method was by far the best for the present purpose.
An interactive subscriber telephone terminal, comprising: a display screen 19; a plurality of tem... more An interactive subscriber telephone terminal, comprising: a display screen 19; a plurality of temporarily definable response/data entry keys 18; and local control means 17 for selectively causing the display screen 19 and/or the response/data entry keys 18 to be controlled by one of: remote signals transmitted to the terminal from a telephone switching office, and the local control means. The method of operating this microprocessor controlled telephone set, which incorporates a user-data memory, comprises the steps of: accessing the user data memory by defining a set of utility functions in a physical access module; translating a logical access request originated by a user of the telephone set to a corresponding utility function; and generating a logical access request in response to activation of a function-key.
The author has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, ... more The author has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, communicate to the public by telecommunication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for commercial or noncommercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou autres formats.
When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to contr... more When an adverse event escalates into a criminal investigation, it becomes very difficult to control and combine information into a manageable format. The PROBE project addresses this problem by developing two generations of working prototypes capable of undergoing live field tests and evaluation by a wide-ranging community of CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives) responders. The paper reports the derivation of preliminary user requirements for PROBE based on interviews and observations of a large-scale simulated CBRNE exercise. Five Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers shadowed specialists representing different responder agencies (Emergency Medical Services, police, hazardous materials expert) during the three-hour exercise. Relying on cognitive ethnography, a variant of the concept of distributed cognition, video and audio recordings were merged with notes taken during the exercise and used to derive the preliminary user requirements. The study sh...
With a focus on ecological validity and behavioural measures, our interest is in reality testing ... more With a focus on ecological validity and behavioural measures, our interest is in reality testing of applications based on new or emerging technologies. In particular, mobile and entertainment applications are simply not amenable to classic laboratory testing. Furthermore, standard usability measures of efficiency and effectiveness are not always relevant to these new situations and environments. The challenge is to balance
Uploads
Papers by Bruce Tsuji