Papers by Adnan Turegun
Journal of Political Ideologies, 2023
After running Turkey with a neoliberal reformist agenda in the 2000s, Erdoğan and his Justice and... more After running Turkey with a neoliberal reformist agenda in the 2000s, Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) made a Turco-Islamist turn in the early 2010s. Defining the turn as restitutive Islamism, this paper explains it by Erdoğan’s ethno-religious ideas and political strategies. More specifically, the paper argues that his dormant Turco-Islamist ideas, shaped in the first wave of Islamicization in the 1970s and 1980s, were reactivated by two – one internal and one external – triggers in the late 2000s: (1) escalation of mass protests and military-juridical scheming by the conservative-laicist bloc against the AKP rule; and (2) failure of the European Union to meaningfully engage in accession negotiations with Turkey. Putting to use his effective communication skills, keen sense of domestic and international juncture, and knack for building and breaking alliances, Erdoğan also relied on the institutional legacy of Kemalism for advancing the cause of Turco-Islamism.
Studies in Political Economy, 2021
Canada had a conservative response to the world-historical crisis of the 1930s. This paper argues... more Canada had a conservative response to the world-historical crisis of the 1930s. This paper argues that the underlying reason for Canada’s conservatism was the absence of a rapprochement between farmers and workers at the national level. The Conservatives and the Liberals were the only national parties that could arrange such a rapprochement at the time, yet with their ideological rigidity and political timidity, they passed up the opportunity. For comparison, this paper also refers to four cases from the Anglo-American “family of nations,” examining responses by the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, and New Zealand.
British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2021
This paper makes two main contributions to Safavid-Kizilbash studies. First, it subjects millenar... more This paper makes two main contributions to Safavid-Kizilbash studies. First, it subjects millenarianism of the Safavid-Kizilbash movement, which has been commonly accepted but only briefly mentioned thus far, to analytical scrutiny by using concepts from the millenarian literature. Second, by critically engaging the neo-institutionalist literature, it develops and applies an ecosystemic institutionalist framework that takes ideas seriously to account for the rise and demise of this Sufistic millenarianism. The post-Timurid period constituted a critical juncture conducive to millenarian movements in the Western Asian ecosystem. Facilitated by this favourable climate, Safavid-Kizilbash millenarianism rose on an innovative articulation of ʿAlid Sufism in the Perso-Islamic ideational tradition and tribal corporatism in the Turco-Mongol political tradition. However, the institutional requirements of state building coupled with ecosystemic pressures led the Safavids to drop Sufistic millenarianism in favour of a shariʿa-centric Twelver Shiʿism, leaving the Anatolian Kizilbash as an inward-looking, defensive community under Ottoman rule.
Building on knowledge synthesis research, this primary research continues to deal with the role o... more Building on knowledge synthesis research, this primary research continues to deal with the role of services in settlement outcomes for immigrants, particularly, women, youth, and seniors. Both as government and as civil society, Canada makes significant public investment in immigrant settlement and integration. Yet confusion reigns over what is expected of public services and how to measure their impact on immigrants.
In addressing these issues, our research pays special attention to the immigrant settlement ecosystem, of which services are just a part. Immigrant settlement is conditioned by a complex ecosystem and, only by recognizing and taking account of that complexity, one can truly appreciate the role of services.
This review of recent research on and existing services for immigrant women, youth, and seniors i... more This review of recent research on and existing services for immigrant women, youth, and seniors in Canada addresses three main questions. First, what do we know about the settlement experiences—particularly outcomes—of these diverse groups of immigrants? Second, what is out there in terms of services specifically targeting them? Third, what impact, if any, do existing services have on immigrant outcomes? The report tackles each question in four substantive areas of settlement: (a) labour market participation and income; (b) education and language training; (c) health, mental health, and well-being; and (d) social and civic participation.
Scandinavian Economic History Review, 2017
This intra-Scandinavian comparison provides a corrective to existing comparative literature on Sw... more This intra-Scandinavian comparison provides a corrective to existing comparative literature on Sweden's response to the Great Depression at three levels: policy conception, case selection and mode of explanation. The paper's holistic view of economic policy shows that the Swedish response was not just about fiscal policy. A broadly defined Swedish response becomes even less distinctive when compared with its Danish and Norwegian counterparts. The paper makes three points to explain the intra-Scandinavian variation (convergence and divergence). First, the regional-metropolitan context matters. Facing similar international challenges, the three small states developed a defensive reflex by striking domestic compromises, abandoning the gold standard, devaluing their currencies and effecting monetary expansion. Second, the political-economic development experience matters. On one hand, proportional representation entrenched Scandinavian farmers as a critical political force, thus ensuring agricultural protectionism across the region. On the other hand, the cross-national divergence in industrialisation largely shaped industrial policy: Sweden’s relative trade and domestic liberalism sharply contrasted with Denmark’s exchange controls and Norway’s import substitution. Third, ideology matters. Whereas the Danish Social Democrats’ traditional liberalism and their Norwegian counterparts’ radicalism buttressed fiscal orthodoxy, the Swedish Social Democrats’ ideational and programmatic renewal paved the way for the fiscal experiment of the crisis years.
Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2017
This paper examines the ideas-interests nexus in the making of Ontario’s Fair Access to Regulated... more This paper examines the ideas-interests nexus in the making of Ontario’s Fair Access to Regulated Professions Act, 2006, designed to level the playing field for internationally trained professionals. It conceives of the legislation as the outcome of a discursive contestation between two interest-based alignments. The access coalition led by organized immigrant professionals and settlement service providers communicated a discourse around the non-recognition of foreign credentials, questioning it on moral and economic grounds. Alternatively, regulatory bodies built their discourse around the skills and experience requirements of professions, emphasizing public protection, and, as a condition of that, professional autonomy. However, despite its weaker economic base, the access coalition carried the day with the passing of the fair access legislation because it framed its ideas more effectively and thus struck a better chord with the general and policy public.
Annual Review of Sociology, 1994
ABSTRACT In this paper we review the empirical legacy that developed out of the theoretical and m... more ABSTRACT In this paper we review the empirical legacy that developed out of the theoretical and methodological agendas of class analysis and comparative methods of the 1970s and 1980s. Our review is restricted to studies that examine the variants in the class structures of the developed capitalist democracies. The paper is organized into four main sections. In part one, we examine variations in the organization of capital; part two takes up the still little-studied resurgence of the petite bourgeoisie and small capital; in part three, we review studies that have examined national variations in the size and composition of the new middle class; and part four reviews the postindustrial and gendered nature of the working class. Our conclusion highlights important labor market developments of the 1980s that have largely been missed by conventional class models and commentosn their significance for the future of empirical research in class analysis.
Our review of recent research into settlement and integration reveals certain patterns. The well-... more Our review of recent research into settlement and integration reveals certain patterns. The well-documented demographic diversity of newcomers to Canada has produced a nuanced settlement and integration experience in interaction with variation in timing of entry, place of residence, and a host of other factors. The explosion of different entry statuses in recent years has made the picture even more complex. Most notably, migrant workers and international students are fast becoming part of the Canadian immigration discourse with their growing numbers, unique needs, and aspirations for permanent residence. How communities receive newcomers in all their diversity is also a varied experience; welcoming communities remain as an ideal in many places and jurisdictions. Canada may have the most comprehensive system of settlement and integration services anywhere in the world but the system is increasingly under strain with the multiplication and diversification of needs. This has led to various schemes and experiments with funding and service innovation. Internationally, migrants suffered across the board from the economic crisis of 2008–2010 but how this varied by country remains to be researched. Comparing the Canadian experience with those of other countries of immigration in this respect may yield interesting findings.
Canadian Review of Sociology, 2013
This paper portrays the emergence of Canadian settlement work with immigrants and explores its pr... more This paper portrays the emergence of Canadian settlement work with immigrants and explores its prospects as an occupation. Currently, settlement work includes three forms of practice: (1) a loose occupation; (2) a specialty of social work; and (3) an emerging profession. The paper argues that settlement work is likely to have a professional future. However, whether or not it will become an independent profession depends largely on the funding regime of the settlement service sector. If the existing federal and short-term funding regime continues, settlement work will still be trying to define itself in the broader field of social service work. If a provincial and long-term funding regime emerges, prospects for an independent professional settlement work will improve.
Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2013
Based on an online survey and in-depth interviews conducted from 2009 to 2010, this study looks a... more Based on an online survey and in-depth interviews conducted from 2009 to 2010, this study looks at the reality of a particular group of foreign-born and foreign-trained professionals in Ontario. These are the professionals who did not get to practise their respective professions after immigration but acquired a new profession in the form of settlement work. The study identifies their pre-immigration education and work history, the reasons they left their countries of origin (or of permanent residence) for Canada, the expectations they had, the choices they made about pursuing professional practice, the efforts they put towards that or some alternative goal, and their eventual professional reconstitution as settlement workers. Following the Canadian trajectory of these dual professionals has three contributions to research into immigrant access to professions. First, their individual experiences reveal the social processes of inclusion in, and exclusion from, professional practice. Second, unlike those immigrants who are de-professionalized in the post-immigration period, our target population reinvent themselves as practitioners of a new profession and thus provide a more nuanced immigrant experience. Third, their common practice as settlement workers gives us insight into the dynamics of an emerging profession that is settlement work.
Turkish Studies, 2016
In examining the Turkish response to the crisis of the 1930s, this paper contributes to existing ... more In examining the Turkish response to the crisis of the 1930s, this paper contributes to existing literature at three levels: economic policy conception, comparative case selection, and mode of explanation. First, it takes a holistic approach to economic policy (neomercantilism) by looking at its foreign trade and finance (autarkic), microeconomic (etatist), and macroeconomic (neoclassical orthodox) dimensions. Second, it locates the Turkish response in the Balkan context, where other small states responded to comparable stimuli. Third, while viewing the macroeconomic conservatism of Turkish neomercantilism as a situational necessity, it explains the autarkic dimension by the shared German metropolitan linkages of the Balkans as a region, and the etatist dimension by the Kemalist bureaucracy’s larger room for maneuver in a context of wider gap between political modernization and economic backwardness.
Drafts by Adnan Turegun
As part of the project on the “Canadian partnership model” in immigrant integration and inclusion... more As part of the project on the “Canadian partnership model” in immigrant integration and inclusion, this research aims to portray federal and provincial/territorial settlement services in Canada in their broad contours and brief history. Components of the portrayal include programming, funding, and delivery. Based on both secondary sources and primary sources, including archival surveys and stakeholder interviews and consultations, the research also provides an explanatory context for observable patterns of variation (convergence and divergence) across jurisdictions by examining the peculiarities of Canadian federalism, government and service sector organizational capacity, and various economic and demographic factors of limiting nature. This is complemented with an attempt to identify emerging tendencies and project possible directions in settlement service at both federal and provincial/territorial levels.
Thesis Chapters by Adnan Turegun
The main purpose of this dissertation is to account for small-state responses to the Great Depres... more The main purpose of this dissertation is to account for small-state responses to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Occupying a distinctive position in the interstate system but not in the world economy, small states responded defensively to the crisis. They shaped their responses in relation to metropolitan responses to the same phenomenon. In the metropolitan context, the collapse of the classical-liberal economic paradigm paved the way for three alternative paradigms: protectionism, protofordism, and neomercantilism. These three paradigms also defined the range of variation in small-state responses.
Among the metropolitan states, the United Kingdom and France conformed to protectionism whereas the United States fashioned its economic policies along the protofordist lines. Neomercantilism held sway in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union. In the small-state context, this diversity was represented by the British White Dominions (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand), Scandinavia (Sweden, Denmark, and Norway), and the Balkans (Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Yugoslavia). The Dominion economic policies were protectionist; the Scandinavian, protofordist; and the Balkan, neomercantilist. The divergence among the three groups of small states was most conspicuous in the cases of Canada, Sweden, and Turkey.
To account for response formation in the small-state context, I combine an intensive analysis of Canada, Sweden, and Turkey with an extensive analysis of their regional counterparts and such metropolitan states as the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Germany, and Italy. Crucial to response formation in the three regions, I argue, were the imperial/metropolitan linkages, political regimes, and financial systems. The reason the Dominions gave a conservative, protectionist response to the crisis lay in the imperial/metropolitan linkages they had with the United Kingdom, their liberal-majoritarian regimes, and their commercially-oriented financial systems. What compelled/facilitated the protofordist innovation in Scandinavia were a corporatist regime-type, a financial system-type favouring industrial investment, and an extreme vulnerability to inter-metropolitan rivalries in Europe. The neomercantilist shift in the Balkan countries had to do largely with their authoritarian regimes and German metropolitan linkages. An industrial-oriented financial system was only a necessary component of this shift.
Books by Adnan Turegun
Palgrave Macmillan, 2022
This book is about national economic policy responses to the Great Depression of the interwar per... more This book is about national economic policy responses to the Great Depression of the interwar period. Taking off from a generally liberal starting point in the 1920s, states diverged greatly in their responses. Some were daring while others remained conservative. The two groups further differed among themselves in both degree and kind. The book gives a certain shape to this messy reality by identifying broad policy patterns (paradigms), and offers an explanation of it which emphasizes the ideational disposition of policy actors while recognizing the context that limits what they can do. More specifically, it argues that the ideas held by rulers and the strategies they consequently developed regarding three major groups of interest – business, labour, and, most critically, agrarians – largely determined economic policy variation across nations.
Uploads
Papers by Adnan Turegun
In addressing these issues, our research pays special attention to the immigrant settlement ecosystem, of which services are just a part. Immigrant settlement is conditioned by a complex ecosystem and, only by recognizing and taking account of that complexity, one can truly appreciate the role of services.
Drafts by Adnan Turegun
Thesis Chapters by Adnan Turegun
Among the metropolitan states, the United Kingdom and France conformed to protectionism whereas the United States fashioned its economic policies along the protofordist lines. Neomercantilism held sway in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union. In the small-state context, this diversity was represented by the British White Dominions (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand), Scandinavia (Sweden, Denmark, and Norway), and the Balkans (Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Yugoslavia). The Dominion economic policies were protectionist; the Scandinavian, protofordist; and the Balkan, neomercantilist. The divergence among the three groups of small states was most conspicuous in the cases of Canada, Sweden, and Turkey.
To account for response formation in the small-state context, I combine an intensive analysis of Canada, Sweden, and Turkey with an extensive analysis of their regional counterparts and such metropolitan states as the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Germany, and Italy. Crucial to response formation in the three regions, I argue, were the imperial/metropolitan linkages, political regimes, and financial systems. The reason the Dominions gave a conservative, protectionist response to the crisis lay in the imperial/metropolitan linkages they had with the United Kingdom, their liberal-majoritarian regimes, and their commercially-oriented financial systems. What compelled/facilitated the protofordist innovation in Scandinavia were a corporatist regime-type, a financial system-type favouring industrial investment, and an extreme vulnerability to inter-metropolitan rivalries in Europe. The neomercantilist shift in the Balkan countries had to do largely with their authoritarian regimes and German metropolitan linkages. An industrial-oriented financial system was only a necessary component of this shift.
Books by Adnan Turegun
In addressing these issues, our research pays special attention to the immigrant settlement ecosystem, of which services are just a part. Immigrant settlement is conditioned by a complex ecosystem and, only by recognizing and taking account of that complexity, one can truly appreciate the role of services.
Among the metropolitan states, the United Kingdom and France conformed to protectionism whereas the United States fashioned its economic policies along the protofordist lines. Neomercantilism held sway in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union. In the small-state context, this diversity was represented by the British White Dominions (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand), Scandinavia (Sweden, Denmark, and Norway), and the Balkans (Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Yugoslavia). The Dominion economic policies were protectionist; the Scandinavian, protofordist; and the Balkan, neomercantilist. The divergence among the three groups of small states was most conspicuous in the cases of Canada, Sweden, and Turkey.
To account for response formation in the small-state context, I combine an intensive analysis of Canada, Sweden, and Turkey with an extensive analysis of their regional counterparts and such metropolitan states as the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Germany, and Italy. Crucial to response formation in the three regions, I argue, were the imperial/metropolitan linkages, political regimes, and financial systems. The reason the Dominions gave a conservative, protectionist response to the crisis lay in the imperial/metropolitan linkages they had with the United Kingdom, their liberal-majoritarian regimes, and their commercially-oriented financial systems. What compelled/facilitated the protofordist innovation in Scandinavia were a corporatist regime-type, a financial system-type favouring industrial investment, and an extreme vulnerability to inter-metropolitan rivalries in Europe. The neomercantilist shift in the Balkan countries had to do largely with their authoritarian regimes and German metropolitan linkages. An industrial-oriented financial system was only a necessary component of this shift.