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Elias Khalil

Bangladesh University of Textiles, Apparel Manufacturing Engineering, Alumnus

World University of Bangladesh, Textile Engineering, Faculty Member

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I am Elias Khalil.
Phone: 008801728531096
Address: Bangabandhu Textile Engineering College, Kalihati, Tangail

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Sheilagh Ogilvie

University of Oxford

University of California, Santa Barbara

Harvard University

Western University Canada

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Parul Bhatnagar

Dayalbagh Educational Institute

University of Toronto

Madalena Pereira

Universidade da Beira Interior

Virginie Boucher

CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Spanish National Research Council)

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Papers by Elias Khalil

Artificial neural network and multiple linear regression for modeling sorption of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions onto modified walnut shell

Separation Science and Technology, 2019

This research introduces a hybrid model for forecasting river flood events with an example of the... more This research introduces a hybrid model for forecasting river flood events with an example of the Mohawk River in New York. Time series analysis and artificial neural networks are combined for the explanation and forecasting of the daily water discharge using hydrogeological and climatic variables. A low pass filter (Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter) is applied for the decomposition of the time series into different components (long, seasonal, and short-term components). For the prediction of the water discharge time series, each component has been described by applying the multiple linear regression models (MLR), and the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The MLR retains the advantage of the physical interpretation of the water discharge time series. We prove that time series decomposition is essential before the application of any model. Also, decomposition shows that the Mohawk River is affected by multiple time scale components that contribute to the hydrologic cycle of the included watersheds. Comparison of the models proves that the application of the ANN on the decomposed time series improves the accuracy of forecasting flood events. The hybrid model which consists of time series decomposition and artificial neural network leads to a forecasting up to 96% of the explanation for the water discharge time series.

Influence Of Enzyme And Silicone Wash On The Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Non-Denim Twill Garments

Garments washing is one of the most important finishing treatments applied on apparels which have... more Garments washing is one of the most important finishing treatments applied on apparels which have vital use to create special outlooks and improving the fashion. Technologically washing is one of the most important fashion elements for clothing industry and production of washed garments depends on the machine quality. In order to achieve an optimum effect of washing process, on the woven fabric in different washing time, Enzyme Wash and then Silicone wash were carried out for cotton fabric. However, there are some of the comments that when the garments have longer washing time, use of the chemical on the washing procedure will affect the physical and mechanical performance. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of industrial enzyme silicone wash combined with silicone wash. For this study currently fashionable regular Non-denim (100% cotton with twill 3/1 weave construction) trouser was chosen. The selected Non-denim trouser has been processed by enzyme and then silicone wash. In order to evaluate the washing effects on Non-denim trouser, changes of fabric handle, fabric specification (ends/inch, picks/inch, surface density, warp & weft yarn linear density), fabric strength has been determined during and after washing.

Predicting the tearing strength of laser engraved denim garments using a fuzzy logic approach

Heliyon, 2022

This research aims to develop a fuzzy logic-based model for predicting the warp way and weft way ... more This research aims to develop a fuzzy logic-based model for predicting the warp way and weft way Tearing Strength (TS) of laser engraved denim garments concerning two of the most important laser parameters such as Dots Per Inch (DPI) and Pixel Time (PT). Laser engraving is a widely used approach in garment washing factories because of its lower health hazards, time efficiency, and accuracy than other processes. However, controlling the laser parameters is very important, as if the tearing strength of the treated garments falls lower than the tolerable limit, the garment might be rejected. In this study, the fuzzy logic-based method is used to develop a prediction model to determine the Tearing Strength of the laser engraved denim. The model exhibits the exact same trend for TS as the experimental findings, i.e., TS increases with the decrement of either DPI, PT, or both. Moreover, the Mean Relative Errors (%) for warp and weft way Tearing Strength was found to be 3.34 and 3.53, respectively, which are within the acceptable limits. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found 0.98 (R = 0.99) for both the warp and weft way Tearing Strength, and the result suggested that up to 98% of total changes in warp and weft way Tearing Strength can be explained by the model. From the results, it can be evident that the principle of the proposed model can satisfactorily be used in predicting the Tearing Strength of the laser engraved denim garments, which will be beneficial for the garment washing industry by eliminating a lot of existing trial and error approach to set process parameters and thus can play an important role in increasing the productivity by process optimization.

Artificial neural network and multiple linear regression modeling for predicting thermal transmittance of plain-woven cotton fabric

Textile Research Journal, 2024

The present research compares a machine learning model with a statistical model, with specific em... more The present research compares a machine learning model with a statistical model, with specific emphasis on artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression models. The aim of this study is to forecast the thermal transmittance of a plain-woven cotton fabric using input data such as thread density measured in ends per inch, picks per inch, and fabric thickness. The artificial neural network is built using a network with feed-forward backpropagation, and the MATLAB software’s training function trainlm is used to modify its weight and basic values based on Levenberg–Marquardt optimization techniques. The sigmoid transfer function is used to set the layer output and measure network performance in terms of the root mean squared error, mean absolute error percentage, and coefficient of determination which were determined. For the artificial neural network prediction model, the root mean squared error and mean absolute error percentage were 1.05 and 3.132%, respectively, while the coefficient of determination was 0.9307. In contrast, the multiple linear regression prediction model had root mean squared error and mean absolute error percentage values of 2.98 and 8.97%, respectively, along with a coefficient of determination of 0.4727. The results reveal that the artificial neural network model outperforms the multiple linear regression model, showing superior accuracy and robustness in capturing the intricate interactions between important fabric parameters (ends per inch, picks per inch, and thickness) and thermal transmittance values. This research emphasizes the efficiency of artificial neural network modeling as a superior tool for forecasting thermal transmittance in textile applications rather than employing the time-consuming trial-and-error process for delivering significant insights for material engineering and energy-efficient design.

Prediction of seam strength of cotton canvas fabric using fuzzy logic

Results in Control and Optimization, 2024

This study investigates the application of fuzzy logic in predicting seam strength in cotton plai... more This study investigates the application of fuzzy logic in predicting seam strength in cotton plain canvas fabric, focusing on both warp and weft directions. The precise prediction of seam strength is crucial for manufacturers to uphold quality standards, enhance production efficiency, and minimize waste. The fuzzy logic model in this study uses thread linear density and stitch per inch as input parameters and warp and weft seam strength as output variables. The modeling was conducted using MATLAB, specifically utilizing the Mamdani fuzzy inference system with triangle membership functions. The fuzzy logic model was found to be very accurate, as shown by coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9841 for the warp way and 0.9888 for the weft way, along with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.992 and 0.9944. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was calculated to be 4.8719 % for the warp way and 4.7561 % for the weft way, each below 5 %, underscoring the model's reliability and robustness in seam strength prediction. This research provides findings with substantial implications for the textile industry, where the application of predictive models is on the rise to enhance production efficiency and product quality. Manufacturers can improve their ability to forecast regarding fabric properties and adjust production processes through the implementation of fuzzy logic models. This approach is consistent with current industry trends emphasizing automation and digitalization, wherein predictive models are essential for facilitating smart manufacturing and quality control.

Predicting the effect of thread density on the physical and thermal properties of plain-woven fabric by using a soft computing system

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 2024

This study’s primary goal is to use a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES) to anticipate and create a... more This study’s primary goal is to use a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES) to anticipate and create a model for the impact of thread density on plain-woven fabric’s thermal characteristics. Every plain-woven fabric utilized in this study has 100% cotton fiber in it. The input variables for this fuzzy logic expert system are PPI and EPI, while the output variables are thermal transmittance, thermal conductivity, and CLO. It is quite difficult to give the engineers a statistically or mathematically based forecasting model. On the other hand, a large volume of trial data is needed for artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), which will take a lot of time and effort to maintain. Fuzzy expert systems, on the other hand, may effectively map nonlinear domains and provide a viable model even with a small quantity of experimental data. New experimental results have validated the model in the current study. Predicting production might be a more beneficial approach for industrial practitioners than using the current trial-and-error method. The root mean square, mean absolute error percentage, and coefficient of determination (R2) of CLO, thermal conductivity, and thermal transmittance between the expected and experimental values were determined to be, respectively, 0.002, 0.001, 0.802; 0.857%, 2.642%, 2.359%; and 0.994, 0.969, and 0.955. The results validate the model’s predictions for the CLO, thermal conductivity, and thermal transmittance of plain-woven fabric in the textile sector, and it was discovered that FLES is capable of accurately predicting the result.

Investigation of the Influence of Potassium Permanganate on Denim Jeans Processing During Acid Wash

enim Jeans finishing is one of the most important value added activities in the washing plant to ... more enim Jeans finishing is one of the most important value added activities in the washing plant to meet buyer requirements. It is done by creating numerous effects on it. Potassium Permanganate (PP) is a strong oxidizing agent used to make vintage look with acid stone wash. This present investigation deals with the simultaneous effect of processing time and concentration of PP on the physical and mechanical properties of denim garments. Three 100% cotton denim jeans were separately treated with stone acid wash with simultaneous variation of processing time (1. 5, 2 & 2. 5 minutes) and of PP concentration (1. 5, 2 & 2. 5g/l) respectively after typical enzyme bleach wash. Various physical and mechanical properties (Hand feel, Weight, EPI, and PPI, Tensile strength, Shrinkage, Seam strength, Count & stiffness) were investigated before and after each treatment according to standard test methods. It was found that change in processing time and concentration reveals big difference in variou...

Nano Bubble Technology: A New Way to Sustainable Jeans Finishing

viXra, 2017

A new technology based on nano bubbles developed and patented by a Spanish company, Jeanologia, i... more A new technology based on nano bubbles developed and patented by a Spanish company, Jeanologia, is known as e-flow. The e-flow ‘breaks up’ the surface of the garment, achieving soft hand feel and controlling shrinkage. A minimal quantity of water is needed and there is zero discharge from the process. Air from the atmosphere is introduced into an electro flow reactor and subjected to an electromechanical shock creating nano bubbles and a flow of wet air. The nano bubble mix is then transported into a rotating tumbler containing the denim garments, and when it comes into contact with them produces a soft and natural hand feel. The garments are then dried in the same tumbler. When treating indigo dyed garments with this technology, some indigo cross contamination may occur that can be eliminated by a dry ozone treatment.

Study on Properties Analysis of Knitwear After Acid Wash

This article deals with the investigation on the effect of the acid washing (with thermocol balls... more This article deals with the investigation on the effect of the acid washing (with thermocol balls and potassium permanganate) on different properties of three knitted garments (Single Jersey 100% Cotton T-shirt, Single Jersey 95% Cotton 5% Spandex T-Shirt and 1×1 Rib100% Cotton T- Shirt). Typical washing procedures and techniques were followed and then physical properties were analyzed under standard condition. It is observed that fabric weight, CPI, WPI, spirality and shrinkage increase while bursting strength, stitch length absorbency decrease after washing treatment. PH of all the samples is under controlled and lies between 7 – 8. There is no change in pilling, colorfastness to wash, water and dry rubbing while a little bit decrease in wet rubbing.

Sustainable and Ecological Finishing Technology for Denim Jeans

enim Jeans finishing is an important operation for value addition of the final products in the ap... more enim Jeans finishing is an important operation for value addition of the final products in the apparel business. There are numerous operations exist for fulfilling of this treatment. This paper deals with the recent developments of the sustainable, environment friendly and emerging industrial approaches (Laser, Ozone and Water Jet) for the finishing treatments of the denim jeans. It is observed that finishing with laser and ozone is a reduced water treatment while water jet fading system though consumes water but assembling of water recycling system makes it ecological and economic. The adoption of these finishing technologies has brought about a radical transformation in the garment finishing industry, which is changing from an artisanal, labor intensive industry towards an industry based on knowledge and technology that feels more responsible for the environment and for workers.

Effect of Processing Time and Concentration of Potassium Permanganate on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Denim Jeans During Stone Washing

Science Innovation, 2015

Three 100% cotton denim jeans were treated with stone acid wash with the variation of processing ... more Three 100% cotton denim jeans were treated with stone acid wash with the variation of processing time (1.5, 2 & 2.5 minutes) and concentration (1.5, 2 & 2.5g/l) of potassium permanganate after typical enzyme bleach wash. Various physical and mechanical properties (Hand feel, Weight, EPI, and PPI, Tensile strength, Shrinkage, Seam strength, Count & stiffness) were investigated before and after each treatment (concentration and respective time) according to standard test methods. It was found that change in processing time and concentration reveals big difference in various properties between treated and untreated garments.

Investigation on Effluent Characteristics of Organic Cotton Fabric Dyeing With Eco-Friendly Remazol Reactive Dyes

Environmental sustainability is the major concern in the age of modern world. For textile and app... more Environmental sustainability is the major concern in the age of modern world. For textile and apparel sector, this has been a burning issue for many related concerned bodies. The pretreatment and dyeing process of greige fabrics results in large volume of effluents that has harmful effect on environment. In this study, the ecological parameters of the effluents obtained from scouring and dyeing of 100% organic cotton single jersey knitted fabrics with environmentally low impact Remazol series reactive dyes adopting exhaust dyeing method was investigated. The effluents collected for investigating the ecological parameters include chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and alkalinity. The results show that the use of the low impact reactive dyes has greater ecological advantages as it reduces the COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, p H values and increases the DO values of effluents. Organic cotton itself being eco-friendly along with Remazol series sustainable dyes provides the better ecological results. Hence, the results indicated that wet processing of organic cotton knitted fabric with eco-friendly and low impact reactive dyes provide better ecological advantages.

Investigation of Different Washing Effects on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Knitted Garments

Journal of Textile Science and Technology, 2015

This paper deals with three types of washing (enzyme, softener, Silicone) effects on 100% cotton ... more This paper deals with three types of washing (enzyme, softener, Silicone) effects on 100% cotton Single Jersey T-shirt, Slub Single Jersey T-shirt, Double Lacoste (5% Lycra) Polo shirt, Single jersey CVC (T-shirt) and PC single Jersey (T-shirt). Typical industrial washing procedures and techniques were followed and then physico-mechanical properties were analyzed under standard condition. It is observed that after washing, weight of each garments has increased from 5% to 36%; stitch length of the constituted fabric has decreased from 1% to 10% approximately; CPI has increased 23% for CVC fabric only for enzyme treatment and for other process it has a little bit or no wash effects. Same effects found for WPI except 100% cotton and Double Lacoste. Shrinkage property both for lengthwise and widthwise remains the same except CVC and Double Lacoste knitted garments and spirality has almost unchanged except 100% cotton and slub fabric. Both the dry and wet rubbing properties have improved after any types of wash except 100% cotton on Silicone wash. Water absorbency property has increased; pH of all the samples is under controlled and lies between 4.5 and 5.0. But there is no significant change of colorfastness to wash and stain after these washing treatments.

Effect of Gauge Variation of Circular Knitting Machine on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Knitted Fabrics

This paper deals with the results of an investigation of various gauges of circular knitting mach... more This paper deals with the results of an investigation of various gauges of circular knitting machines with a view to producing same single jersey fabric with different parameters. All parameters including machine diameter, stitch length, yarn count, yarn lot, yarn tension etc. but gauges are used for this work is different. Even dyeing has been done at the same time on the same machine by stitching one with other, finishing parameters and processes are also same and done at same time as well to minimize the effects of other variable which can be responsible for changing the physical and mechanical properties like finished width of the fabric, finished GSM (Grams per Square Meter), shrinkage, spirality, bursting strength etc. This is done for finding only the effects which actually affects the fabric properties. Finally the findings or results are as expected with some variations with the results that are thought theoretically.

Evaluation of physico-mechanical properties of precipitated polyurethane films in medium of free radical agents

European Polymer Journal, 2002

Biodegradable and sustainable feedstocks are increasingly replacing petroleum-based materials com... more Biodegradable and sustainable feedstocks are increasingly replacing petroleum-based materials commonly used for single-or multi-use packaging applications. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of an innovative biocomposite material patented by Ecovative Design LLC (Green Island, N.Y.) for use in commercial products and packaging. The biocomposite material utilizes the fungus mycelium as a matrix to bind cellulosic plant fibers. The test samples were manufactured with different fiber-fungal strain combinations, using cotton ginning waste and hemp pith as core material and fiber fabric on the surface. The physico-mechanical properties of the biocomposites were evaluated to develop a thorough understanding of the material which may lead to future applications. The properties evaluated included specific gravity, surface hardness, water absorption, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, and resistance to tension and compression. The density profile results indicated that the material is extremely light, buoyant, and highly hydrophilic. Surface hardness test showed that the material has a soft outer surface with high elasticity. The tensile and compression properties showed the material can be used in targeted packaging applications where lightweight, resiliency, and biodegradability are desirable.

Effect of Stitch Length on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single Jersey Cotton Knitted Fabric

The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various cou... more The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn (ring, rotor, and compact), quality of ya rn, stitch length / loop length, structural geometry, fiber composition of yarn etc. T his study focused on the various stitch length effect of grey single jersey. With an increase in stitch length, the dimensional properties like CPI, WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased for all the struct ures; while comfort properties like air permeability & water absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased stitch length at grey stage. Other p roperties such as bursting strength, abrasion resist ance & pilling resistance improved with increased stitch length. Though all the tests for fabric properties were carried out for grey stage, th ere properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As f inishing is mandatory for fabric production, so now-a...

Investigation on Physical Properties of Organic Cotton T-Shirt by Bio-Scouring and Eco-Friendly Remazol Reactive Dyes Treatment

Wet processing treatment plays an important role in the physico-mechanical properties of finished... more Wet processing treatment plays an important role in the physico-mechanical properties of finished apparel products. This paper presents an investigated result of enzymatic scouring and eco-friendly remazol reactive dyes treatment on the physical properties of finished T-shirt product. 100 % organic cotton single jersey knitted grey fabric having 160 gsm was considered. To investigate the selected physical characteristics of the finished organic cotton T-shirt, the eco-friendly enzymatic scouring with Prima Green Eco scour, Prima Fast Gold RSL and remazol ultra RGBN series reactive dyed treatment were performed following standard recipe. Selected physical properties namely washing fastness, bursting strength, fabric drapability, color fastness to rubbing, perspiration and absorption have been investigated for the newly developed organic cotton T-shirt that showed better results in terms of quality. Hence, it can be concluded that by selecting eco-friendly materials like organic cotton and chemical processing treatment, it is possible to develop finished T-shirt products with improved physical properties.

Line Balancing for Improving Apparel Production by Operator Skill Matrix

International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 2015

In this modern world, fashion & styles are changing frequently. The emergence of fast changes in ... more In this modern world, fashion & styles are changing frequently. The emergence of fast changes in fashion has given rise to shorten production cycle time in the garment industry. To meet the dynamic customer demands of momentous quantities in shorten lead time, assembly line production systems are used, where the garment components are assembled into a finished garment through a sub-assembly process. So in the era of product customization, the optimal usage of resources especially the available facilities & operators who are adding the value of product is important. Therefore the assembly line has to be planned in much more flexible way. This paper deals with the maximum utilization of manpower in labor intensive assembly lines. The objective is to accurately delegate workers to the various operations required to complete the product based on their skill & experience so as to achieve the highest level of productivity and delivery as per planned target. The experimental result showed meaningful improvement in productivity as compared to the existing system.

Wrinkle Finish on Denim by Resin Treatment: A Review

Nowadays, fashion in clothing is unimaginable without denim garment with a numerous effect. Vario... more Nowadays, fashion in clothing is unimaginable without denim garment with a numerous effect. Various types of dry and wet process are used to make these effect. In this article, 3D/crinkle effect by creating wrinkles on the denim garments preceded by resin application is discussed. This effect gives vintage look as well as add value to the garments though having possibility of decreasing tearing strength.

Application of Phase Change Materials in Textiles: A Review

Phase change materials or PCMs are compounds which store and release latent heat by changing chem... more Phase change materials or PCMs are compounds which store and release latent heat by changing chemical bonds through a phase alteration. These materials absorb energy during the heating and release energy to the surroundings through a reverse cooling process. The integration of PCM in textiles by coating, encapsulation or any other means has grown concentration to the scientist. In this paper; characteristics, classification, working principle of PCMs and its versatile application in textiles are mainly discussed.

Artificial neural network and multiple linear regression for modeling sorption of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions onto modified walnut shell

Separation Science and Technology, 2019

This research introduces a hybrid model for forecasting river flood events with an example of the... more This research introduces a hybrid model for forecasting river flood events with an example of the Mohawk River in New York. Time series analysis and artificial neural networks are combined for the explanation and forecasting of the daily water discharge using hydrogeological and climatic variables. A low pass filter (Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter) is applied for the decomposition of the time series into different components (long, seasonal, and short-term components). For the prediction of the water discharge time series, each component has been described by applying the multiple linear regression models (MLR), and the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The MLR retains the advantage of the physical interpretation of the water discharge time series. We prove that time series decomposition is essential before the application of any model. Also, decomposition shows that the Mohawk River is affected by multiple time scale components that contribute to the hydrologic cycle of the included watersheds. Comparison of the models proves that the application of the ANN on the decomposed time series improves the accuracy of forecasting flood events. The hybrid model which consists of time series decomposition and artificial neural network leads to a forecasting up to 96% of the explanation for the water discharge time series.

Influence Of Enzyme And Silicone Wash On The Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Non-Denim Twill Garments

Garments washing is one of the most important finishing treatments applied on apparels which have... more Garments washing is one of the most important finishing treatments applied on apparels which have vital use to create special outlooks and improving the fashion. Technologically washing is one of the most important fashion elements for clothing industry and production of washed garments depends on the machine quality. In order to achieve an optimum effect of washing process, on the woven fabric in different washing time, Enzyme Wash and then Silicone wash were carried out for cotton fabric. However, there are some of the comments that when the garments have longer washing time, use of the chemical on the washing procedure will affect the physical and mechanical performance. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of industrial enzyme silicone wash combined with silicone wash. For this study currently fashionable regular Non-denim (100% cotton with twill 3/1 weave construction) trouser was chosen. The selected Non-denim trouser has been processed by enzyme and then silicone wash. In order to evaluate the washing effects on Non-denim trouser, changes of fabric handle, fabric specification (ends/inch, picks/inch, surface density, warp & weft yarn linear density), fabric strength has been determined during and after washing.

Predicting the tearing strength of laser engraved denim garments using a fuzzy logic approach

Heliyon, 2022

This research aims to develop a fuzzy logic-based model for predicting the warp way and weft way ... more This research aims to develop a fuzzy logic-based model for predicting the warp way and weft way Tearing Strength (TS) of laser engraved denim garments concerning two of the most important laser parameters such as Dots Per Inch (DPI) and Pixel Time (PT). Laser engraving is a widely used approach in garment washing factories because of its lower health hazards, time efficiency, and accuracy than other processes. However, controlling the laser parameters is very important, as if the tearing strength of the treated garments falls lower than the tolerable limit, the garment might be rejected. In this study, the fuzzy logic-based method is used to develop a prediction model to determine the Tearing Strength of the laser engraved denim. The model exhibits the exact same trend for TS as the experimental findings, i.e., TS increases with the decrement of either DPI, PT, or both. Moreover, the Mean Relative Errors (%) for warp and weft way Tearing Strength was found to be 3.34 and 3.53, respectively, which are within the acceptable limits. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found 0.98 (R = 0.99) for both the warp and weft way Tearing Strength, and the result suggested that up to 98% of total changes in warp and weft way Tearing Strength can be explained by the model. From the results, it can be evident that the principle of the proposed model can satisfactorily be used in predicting the Tearing Strength of the laser engraved denim garments, which will be beneficial for the garment washing industry by eliminating a lot of existing trial and error approach to set process parameters and thus can play an important role in increasing the productivity by process optimization.

Artificial neural network and multiple linear regression modeling for predicting thermal transmittance of plain-woven cotton fabric

Textile Research Journal, 2024

The present research compares a machine learning model with a statistical model, with specific em... more The present research compares a machine learning model with a statistical model, with specific emphasis on artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression models. The aim of this study is to forecast the thermal transmittance of a plain-woven cotton fabric using input data such as thread density measured in ends per inch, picks per inch, and fabric thickness. The artificial neural network is built using a network with feed-forward backpropagation, and the MATLAB software’s training function trainlm is used to modify its weight and basic values based on Levenberg–Marquardt optimization techniques. The sigmoid transfer function is used to set the layer output and measure network performance in terms of the root mean squared error, mean absolute error percentage, and coefficient of determination which were determined. For the artificial neural network prediction model, the root mean squared error and mean absolute error percentage were 1.05 and 3.132%, respectively, while the coefficient of determination was 0.9307. In contrast, the multiple linear regression prediction model had root mean squared error and mean absolute error percentage values of 2.98 and 8.97%, respectively, along with a coefficient of determination of 0.4727. The results reveal that the artificial neural network model outperforms the multiple linear regression model, showing superior accuracy and robustness in capturing the intricate interactions between important fabric parameters (ends per inch, picks per inch, and thickness) and thermal transmittance values. This research emphasizes the efficiency of artificial neural network modeling as a superior tool for forecasting thermal transmittance in textile applications rather than employing the time-consuming trial-and-error process for delivering significant insights for material engineering and energy-efficient design.

Prediction of seam strength of cotton canvas fabric using fuzzy logic

Results in Control and Optimization, 2024

This study investigates the application of fuzzy logic in predicting seam strength in cotton plai... more This study investigates the application of fuzzy logic in predicting seam strength in cotton plain canvas fabric, focusing on both warp and weft directions. The precise prediction of seam strength is crucial for manufacturers to uphold quality standards, enhance production efficiency, and minimize waste. The fuzzy logic model in this study uses thread linear density and stitch per inch as input parameters and warp and weft seam strength as output variables. The modeling was conducted using MATLAB, specifically utilizing the Mamdani fuzzy inference system with triangle membership functions. The fuzzy logic model was found to be very accurate, as shown by coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9841 for the warp way and 0.9888 for the weft way, along with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.992 and 0.9944. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was calculated to be 4.8719 % for the warp way and 4.7561 % for the weft way, each below 5 %, underscoring the model's reliability and robustness in seam strength prediction. This research provides findings with substantial implications for the textile industry, where the application of predictive models is on the rise to enhance production efficiency and product quality. Manufacturers can improve their ability to forecast regarding fabric properties and adjust production processes through the implementation of fuzzy logic models. This approach is consistent with current industry trends emphasizing automation and digitalization, wherein predictive models are essential for facilitating smart manufacturing and quality control.

Predicting the effect of thread density on the physical and thermal properties of plain-woven fabric by using a soft computing system

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 2024

This study’s primary goal is to use a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES) to anticipate and create a... more This study’s primary goal is to use a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES) to anticipate and create a model for the impact of thread density on plain-woven fabric’s thermal characteristics. Every plain-woven fabric utilized in this study has 100% cotton fiber in it. The input variables for this fuzzy logic expert system are PPI and EPI, while the output variables are thermal transmittance, thermal conductivity, and CLO. It is quite difficult to give the engineers a statistically or mathematically based forecasting model. On the other hand, a large volume of trial data is needed for artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), which will take a lot of time and effort to maintain. Fuzzy expert systems, on the other hand, may effectively map nonlinear domains and provide a viable model even with a small quantity of experimental data. New experimental results have validated the model in the current study. Predicting production might be a more beneficial approach for industrial practitioners than using the current trial-and-error method. The root mean square, mean absolute error percentage, and coefficient of determination (R2) of CLO, thermal conductivity, and thermal transmittance between the expected and experimental values were determined to be, respectively, 0.002, 0.001, 0.802; 0.857%, 2.642%, 2.359%; and 0.994, 0.969, and 0.955. The results validate the model’s predictions for the CLO, thermal conductivity, and thermal transmittance of plain-woven fabric in the textile sector, and it was discovered that FLES is capable of accurately predicting the result.

Investigation of the Influence of Potassium Permanganate on Denim Jeans Processing During Acid Wash

enim Jeans finishing is one of the most important value added activities in the washing plant to ... more enim Jeans finishing is one of the most important value added activities in the washing plant to meet buyer requirements. It is done by creating numerous effects on it. Potassium Permanganate (PP) is a strong oxidizing agent used to make vintage look with acid stone wash. This present investigation deals with the simultaneous effect of processing time and concentration of PP on the physical and mechanical properties of denim garments. Three 100% cotton denim jeans were separately treated with stone acid wash with simultaneous variation of processing time (1. 5, 2 & 2. 5 minutes) and of PP concentration (1. 5, 2 & 2. 5g/l) respectively after typical enzyme bleach wash. Various physical and mechanical properties (Hand feel, Weight, EPI, and PPI, Tensile strength, Shrinkage, Seam strength, Count & stiffness) were investigated before and after each treatment according to standard test methods. It was found that change in processing time and concentration reveals big difference in variou...

Nano Bubble Technology: A New Way to Sustainable Jeans Finishing

viXra, 2017

A new technology based on nano bubbles developed and patented by a Spanish company, Jeanologia, i... more A new technology based on nano bubbles developed and patented by a Spanish company, Jeanologia, is known as e-flow. The e-flow ‘breaks up’ the surface of the garment, achieving soft hand feel and controlling shrinkage. A minimal quantity of water is needed and there is zero discharge from the process. Air from the atmosphere is introduced into an electro flow reactor and subjected to an electromechanical shock creating nano bubbles and a flow of wet air. The nano bubble mix is then transported into a rotating tumbler containing the denim garments, and when it comes into contact with them produces a soft and natural hand feel. The garments are then dried in the same tumbler. When treating indigo dyed garments with this technology, some indigo cross contamination may occur that can be eliminated by a dry ozone treatment.

Study on Properties Analysis of Knitwear After Acid Wash

This article deals with the investigation on the effect of the acid washing (with thermocol balls... more This article deals with the investigation on the effect of the acid washing (with thermocol balls and potassium permanganate) on different properties of three knitted garments (Single Jersey 100% Cotton T-shirt, Single Jersey 95% Cotton 5% Spandex T-Shirt and 1×1 Rib100% Cotton T- Shirt). Typical washing procedures and techniques were followed and then physical properties were analyzed under standard condition. It is observed that fabric weight, CPI, WPI, spirality and shrinkage increase while bursting strength, stitch length absorbency decrease after washing treatment. PH of all the samples is under controlled and lies between 7 – 8. There is no change in pilling, colorfastness to wash, water and dry rubbing while a little bit decrease in wet rubbing.

Sustainable and Ecological Finishing Technology for Denim Jeans

enim Jeans finishing is an important operation for value addition of the final products in the ap... more enim Jeans finishing is an important operation for value addition of the final products in the apparel business. There are numerous operations exist for fulfilling of this treatment. This paper deals with the recent developments of the sustainable, environment friendly and emerging industrial approaches (Laser, Ozone and Water Jet) for the finishing treatments of the denim jeans. It is observed that finishing with laser and ozone is a reduced water treatment while water jet fading system though consumes water but assembling of water recycling system makes it ecological and economic. The adoption of these finishing technologies has brought about a radical transformation in the garment finishing industry, which is changing from an artisanal, labor intensive industry towards an industry based on knowledge and technology that feels more responsible for the environment and for workers.

Effect of Processing Time and Concentration of Potassium Permanganate on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Denim Jeans During Stone Washing

Science Innovation, 2015

Three 100% cotton denim jeans were treated with stone acid wash with the variation of processing ... more Three 100% cotton denim jeans were treated with stone acid wash with the variation of processing time (1.5, 2 & 2.5 minutes) and concentration (1.5, 2 & 2.5g/l) of potassium permanganate after typical enzyme bleach wash. Various physical and mechanical properties (Hand feel, Weight, EPI, and PPI, Tensile strength, Shrinkage, Seam strength, Count & stiffness) were investigated before and after each treatment (concentration and respective time) according to standard test methods. It was found that change in processing time and concentration reveals big difference in various properties between treated and untreated garments.

Investigation on Effluent Characteristics of Organic Cotton Fabric Dyeing With Eco-Friendly Remazol Reactive Dyes

Environmental sustainability is the major concern in the age of modern world. For textile and app... more Environmental sustainability is the major concern in the age of modern world. For textile and apparel sector, this has been a burning issue for many related concerned bodies. The pretreatment and dyeing process of greige fabrics results in large volume of effluents that has harmful effect on environment. In this study, the ecological parameters of the effluents obtained from scouring and dyeing of 100% organic cotton single jersey knitted fabrics with environmentally low impact Remazol series reactive dyes adopting exhaust dyeing method was investigated. The effluents collected for investigating the ecological parameters include chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and alkalinity. The results show that the use of the low impact reactive dyes has greater ecological advantages as it reduces the COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, p H values and increases the DO values of effluents. Organic cotton itself being eco-friendly along with Remazol series sustainable dyes provides the better ecological results. Hence, the results indicated that wet processing of organic cotton knitted fabric with eco-friendly and low impact reactive dyes provide better ecological advantages.

Investigation of Different Washing Effects on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Knitted Garments

Journal of Textile Science and Technology, 2015

This paper deals with three types of washing (enzyme, softener, Silicone) effects on 100% cotton ... more This paper deals with three types of washing (enzyme, softener, Silicone) effects on 100% cotton Single Jersey T-shirt, Slub Single Jersey T-shirt, Double Lacoste (5% Lycra) Polo shirt, Single jersey CVC (T-shirt) and PC single Jersey (T-shirt). Typical industrial washing procedures and techniques were followed and then physico-mechanical properties were analyzed under standard condition. It is observed that after washing, weight of each garments has increased from 5% to 36%; stitch length of the constituted fabric has decreased from 1% to 10% approximately; CPI has increased 23% for CVC fabric only for enzyme treatment and for other process it has a little bit or no wash effects. Same effects found for WPI except 100% cotton and Double Lacoste. Shrinkage property both for lengthwise and widthwise remains the same except CVC and Double Lacoste knitted garments and spirality has almost unchanged except 100% cotton and slub fabric. Both the dry and wet rubbing properties have improved after any types of wash except 100% cotton on Silicone wash. Water absorbency property has increased; pH of all the samples is under controlled and lies between 4.5 and 5.0. But there is no significant change of colorfastness to wash and stain after these washing treatments.

Effect of Gauge Variation of Circular Knitting Machine on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Knitted Fabrics

This paper deals with the results of an investigation of various gauges of circular knitting mach... more This paper deals with the results of an investigation of various gauges of circular knitting machines with a view to producing same single jersey fabric with different parameters. All parameters including machine diameter, stitch length, yarn count, yarn lot, yarn tension etc. but gauges are used for this work is different. Even dyeing has been done at the same time on the same machine by stitching one with other, finishing parameters and processes are also same and done at same time as well to minimize the effects of other variable which can be responsible for changing the physical and mechanical properties like finished width of the fabric, finished GSM (Grams per Square Meter), shrinkage, spirality, bursting strength etc. This is done for finding only the effects which actually affects the fabric properties. Finally the findings or results are as expected with some variations with the results that are thought theoretically.

Evaluation of physico-mechanical properties of precipitated polyurethane films in medium of free radical agents

European Polymer Journal, 2002

Biodegradable and sustainable feedstocks are increasingly replacing petroleum-based materials com... more Biodegradable and sustainable feedstocks are increasingly replacing petroleum-based materials commonly used for single-or multi-use packaging applications. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of an innovative biocomposite material patented by Ecovative Design LLC (Green Island, N.Y.) for use in commercial products and packaging. The biocomposite material utilizes the fungus mycelium as a matrix to bind cellulosic plant fibers. The test samples were manufactured with different fiber-fungal strain combinations, using cotton ginning waste and hemp pith as core material and fiber fabric on the surface. The physico-mechanical properties of the biocomposites were evaluated to develop a thorough understanding of the material which may lead to future applications. The properties evaluated included specific gravity, surface hardness, water absorption, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, and resistance to tension and compression. The density profile results indicated that the material is extremely light, buoyant, and highly hydrophilic. Surface hardness test showed that the material has a soft outer surface with high elasticity. The tensile and compression properties showed the material can be used in targeted packaging applications where lightweight, resiliency, and biodegradability are desirable.

Effect of Stitch Length on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single Jersey Cotton Knitted Fabric

The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various cou... more The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn (ring, rotor, and compact), quality of ya rn, stitch length / loop length, structural geometry, fiber composition of yarn etc. T his study focused on the various stitch length effect of grey single jersey. With an increase in stitch length, the dimensional properties like CPI, WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased for all the struct ures; while comfort properties like air permeability & water absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased stitch length at grey stage. Other p roperties such as bursting strength, abrasion resist ance & pilling resistance improved with increased stitch length. Though all the tests for fabric properties were carried out for grey stage, th ere properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As f inishing is mandatory for fabric production, so now-a...

Investigation on Physical Properties of Organic Cotton T-Shirt by Bio-Scouring and Eco-Friendly Remazol Reactive Dyes Treatment

Wet processing treatment plays an important role in the physico-mechanical properties of finished... more Wet processing treatment plays an important role in the physico-mechanical properties of finished apparel products. This paper presents an investigated result of enzymatic scouring and eco-friendly remazol reactive dyes treatment on the physical properties of finished T-shirt product. 100 % organic cotton single jersey knitted grey fabric having 160 gsm was considered. To investigate the selected physical characteristics of the finished organic cotton T-shirt, the eco-friendly enzymatic scouring with Prima Green Eco scour, Prima Fast Gold RSL and remazol ultra RGBN series reactive dyed treatment were performed following standard recipe. Selected physical properties namely washing fastness, bursting strength, fabric drapability, color fastness to rubbing, perspiration and absorption have been investigated for the newly developed organic cotton T-shirt that showed better results in terms of quality. Hence, it can be concluded that by selecting eco-friendly materials like organic cotton and chemical processing treatment, it is possible to develop finished T-shirt products with improved physical properties.

Line Balancing for Improving Apparel Production by Operator Skill Matrix

International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 2015

In this modern world, fashion & styles are changing frequently. The emergence of fast changes in ... more In this modern world, fashion & styles are changing frequently. The emergence of fast changes in fashion has given rise to shorten production cycle time in the garment industry. To meet the dynamic customer demands of momentous quantities in shorten lead time, assembly line production systems are used, where the garment components are assembled into a finished garment through a sub-assembly process. So in the era of product customization, the optimal usage of resources especially the available facilities & operators who are adding the value of product is important. Therefore the assembly line has to be planned in much more flexible way. This paper deals with the maximum utilization of manpower in labor intensive assembly lines. The objective is to accurately delegate workers to the various operations required to complete the product based on their skill & experience so as to achieve the highest level of productivity and delivery as per planned target. The experimental result showed meaningful improvement in productivity as compared to the existing system.

Wrinkle Finish on Denim by Resin Treatment: A Review

Nowadays, fashion in clothing is unimaginable without denim garment with a numerous effect. Vario... more Nowadays, fashion in clothing is unimaginable without denim garment with a numerous effect. Various types of dry and wet process are used to make these effect. In this article, 3D/crinkle effect by creating wrinkles on the denim garments preceded by resin application is discussed. This effect gives vintage look as well as add value to the garments though having possibility of decreasing tearing strength.

Application of Phase Change Materials in Textiles: A Review

Phase change materials or PCMs are compounds which store and release latent heat by changing chem... more Phase change materials or PCMs are compounds which store and release latent heat by changing chemical bonds through a phase alteration. These materials absorb energy during the heating and release energy to the surroundings through a reverse cooling process. The integration of PCM in textiles by coating, encapsulation or any other means has grown concentration to the scientist. In this paper; characteristics, classification, working principle of PCMs and its versatile application in textiles are mainly discussed.

Advanced Technology in Textile Dyeing

Publisher Name Springer, Singapore, 2023

All over the world, dyeing is considered one of the significant parts of the textile colouration ... more All over the world, dyeing is considered one of the significant parts of the textile colouration process. It refers to both the dyeing and printing process. Dyeing is the specific colouration of textiles, while printing is the localized application of colourants by a suitable method base on the design. The conventional aqueous dyeing process consumes a significant quantity of water, creating wastewater processing difficulties that arise global environmental threats and an alarming concern for sustainable development. This chapter discusses the scope, processing techniques, required machinery and equipment, advantages, and other aspects of the innovative and emerging sustainable, eco-friendly dyeing technologies. It will cover supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing, air dyeing, plasma-assisted dyeing, and laser-assisted dyeing. It is not limited to these but also discusses ultrasound-assisted dyeing, microwave-assisted dyeing, foam dyeing, enzymatic dyeing, reverse micelle dyeing, ozone-assisted dyeing, nano-bubble dyeing, and electro-chemical dyeing.

Innovative Textile Printing Technology

Publisher Name Springer, Singapore, 2023

In order to achieve a specific color appearance on the cloth in accordance with the design, color... more In order to achieve a specific color appearance on the cloth in accordance with the design, colorants are applied to a specific or general area during the process of textile printing. The styles, approaches, and operational procedures of this antiquated technology have evolved over time. The scope, processing methods, necessary tools and machinery, benefits, and other elements of the cutting-edge, ground-breaking, and emerging sustainable eco-friendly printing technologies adopted by the global textile producer are going to be covered in this chapter. This chapter is also going to address technological advancements, many facets of screen printing and transfer printing, digital inkjet textile printing (continuous, thermal, and Piezo), cool transfer printing, and 3D printing processes.