Indonesia

Banyaknya pegawai yang akan pensiun dalam sebuah instansi pemerintah yang disebabkan pensiun dini, meninggal atau cacat merupakan hal yang sulit diprediksi, sehingga instansi tersebut harus mempersiapkan dan memperhitungkan pembayaran secara periodik bagi pegawai dalam bentuk program dana pensiun berupa iuran normal dan kewajiban aktuaria terhadap pria dan wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan iuran normal dan kewajiban aktuaria pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS). Metode yang digunakan adalah Entry Age Normal (EAN) dan Projected Unit Credit (PUC). Hasil perhitungan yang diperoleh nilai iuran normal dengan metode Entry Age Normal selalu konstan setiap tahun, tetapi dengan menggunakan metode Projected Unit Credit nilainya bertambah dengan pertambahan masa kerja. Nilai kewajiban aktuaria dengan metode Entry Age Normal dan Projected Unit Credit menunjukkan hasil semakin meningkat dengan pertambahan masa kerja, namun peningkatannya lebih tinggi dengan metode EAN pada pertengahan tahun. Metode EAN lebih baik dari sisi peserta dan metode PUC lebih baik dari sisi perusahaan.

Pemberian ASI eksklusif dianjurkan untuk jangka waktu minimal hingga bayi berumur sampai enam bulan. Pemberian ASI di Indonesia baru mencapai 15,3% dan pemberian susu formula meningkat tiga kali lipat dari 10,3% menjadi 32,5%. Pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas karanganyar yaitu 10,3%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan tumbuh kembang anak pada usia 3 sampai 6 bulan dipuskesmas karanganyar.

A variety of definitions and diagnostic cutpoints have been promulgated for prediabetes over the past 5 years, without universal agreement. International professional organizations agree, however, that current scientific evidence justifies the intervention in high-risk individuals and populations for the delay or prevention of progression to diabetes. With many clinical trials examining the efficacy of prevention strategies, lifestyle intervention with the goals of decreasing caloric intake, increasing exercise to at least 150 minutes weekly, and losing 5% to 7% of body weight is universally accepted as the primary intervention strategy. Secondary intervention with a variety of pharmacologic therapies (predominantly metformin) is advocated in very high-risk individuals or in the absence of a clinical response to lifestyle modification. Surgical intervention is currently recognized as beneficial, but with limited enthusiasm.

Abstract
Background: There exists little agreement on the choice of indicators to be used to assess the impact of
humanitarian assistance. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami led to significant mortality and displacement in Aceh
Province, Indonesia, as well as a nearly unprecedented humanitarian response. Six years after the disaster we
conducted an impact assessment of humanitarian services rendered in Aceh using a comprehensive set of
rights-based indicators and sought to determine modifiable predictors of improved outcomes in disaster-affected
households.
Methods: A sample of 597 returned and non-returned households in Banda Aceh and Meulaboh was selected
using a multistage stratified cluster survey design. We employed principle components analysis and the Framework
on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons to develop a comprehensive and rights-based approach to
humanitarian impact measurement using multivariate regression models.
Results: The attainment of durable solutions was equivalent in both returned households 100.1 [CI] 97.63-102.5)
and households that integrated elsewhere (99.37 [CI] 95.43-103.3, P = 0.781). Standard of living as well as education
and health facility satisfaction increased significantly whereas monthly income decreased after the tsunami, from
2585241 IDR ([CI] 2357202–2813279 IDR) to 2038963 ([CI] 1786627–2291298 IDR, P < 0.001). Shelter (P = 0.007) and
legal assistance (P < 0.001) were both significantly associated with positive durable solutions outcomes, whereas
prolonged displacement duration was significantly associated with poorer outcomes (P < 0.001). Livelihood
assistance received after one year was associated with higher odds of increasing or maintaining pre-tsunami income
levels (OR = 3.02, P = 0.008), whereas livelihood assistance received within one year was associated with lower odds
of attaining pre-tsunami income (OR = 0.52, P = 0.010).
Conclusions: We find that after adjusting for pre-tsunami conditions and tsunami-related damages, the impact of
sectoral responses can be assessed. The duration of displacement was the strongest negative predictive factor for
the attainment of durable solutions, suggesting that measures to reduce displacement time may be effective in
mitigating the long-term effects of disaster on households. The durable solutions framework is a novel and effective
impact measurement tool and can be used to identify factors amenable to intervention and inform future disaster
recovery efforts.
Keywords: Disaster, Impact evaluation, Tsunami, Humanitarian assistance, Displacement, Human rights,
Durable solutions

Publikasi-publikasi International Labour Office memperoleh hak cipta yang dilindungi oleh Protokol 2 Konvensi Hak Cipta Universal. Meskipun demikian, bagian-bagian singkat dari publikasi-publikasi tersebut dapat diproduksi ulang tanpa izin, selama terdapat keterangan mengenai sumbernya. Permohonan mengenai hak reproduksi atau penerjemahan dapat diajukan ke ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. International Labour Office menyambut baik permohonan-permohonan seperti itu. Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional "Survei tentang Kebutuhan akan Pelayanan Keuangan Mikro (Microfinance) di Daerah Pesisir Aceh" Juga tersedia dalam versi Inggris dengan judul, "Survey of The Demand for Microfinance Services in Coastal Aceh" Jakarta, Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional, 2006 ISBN 978-92-2-019612-0 (print) 978-92-2-019613-7 (web pdf)

This study is to knowthe the effect of brand trust and customer satisfaction on brand loyalty with commitment as a mediating variable in Wardah Brand Cosmetics in Banda Aceh. The data is collected on the customers of Wardah brand cosmetics in Banda Aceh with atotal sample of 100 respondents taken by purposive sampling technique. This study used Partial Least Square-Path Modelling (PLS-PM) as the data analysis method. The result figures that from the descriptive statistical test provides the Wardah brand trust is very trustworthy, customer satisfaction is very satisfied, commitment is very strong, and brand loyalty is very loyal. While, for the verification test, it shows that brand trust effects brand loyalty significantly, brand satisfaction effects brand loyalty significantly, brand trust effects brand commitment significantly, brand satisfaction effects brand commitment significantly, brand commitment effects brand loyalty significantly, brand trust effects brand loyalty through brand commitment significantly, and brand trust effects brand loyalty through brand commitment significantly. These all findings contribute to the realm of science that can update the causality theories from the previous ones. The originality lies in the combination of the models from the previous, and uses PLS to produce a statistical analysis. The limitation resides in the amount of variables and with one object only. The findings is also can be as a reference for the practical persons especially Wardah managers to formulate the marketing strategy. .

This study is to knowthe the effect of brand trust and customer satisfaction on brand loyalty with commitment as a mediating variable in Wardah Brand Cosmetics in Banda Aceh. The data is collected on the customers of Wardah brand cosmetics in Banda Aceh with atotal sample of 100 respondents taken by purposive sampling technique. This study used Partial Least Square-Path Modelling (PLS-PM) as the data analysis method. The result figures that from the descriptive statistical test provides the Wardah brand trust is very trustworthy, customer satisfaction is very satisfied, commitment is very strong, and brand loyalty is very loyal. While, for the verification test, it shows that brand trust effects brand loyalty significantly, brand satisfaction effects brand loyalty significantly, brand trust effects brand commitment significantly, brand satisfaction effects brand commitment significantly, brand commitment effects brand loyalty significantly, brand trust effects brand loyalty through brand commitment significantly, and brand trust effects brand loyalty through brand commitment significantly. These all findings contribute to the realm of science that can update the causality theories from the previous ones. The originality lies in the combination of the models from the previous, and uses PLS to produce a statistical analysis. The limitation resides in the amount of variables and with one object only. The findings is also can be as a reference for the practical persons especially Wardah managers to formulate the marketing strategy. .

This paper analyzes the effect of foreign aid on illegal immigration and host country welfare using a general equilibrium model. We show that foreign aid may worsen the recipient nation's terms of trade. Furthermore, it may also raise illegal immigration, if the terms of trade effect on immigration flows dominates the other effects identified in our analysis. Empirical analysis of the effect of foreign aid on illegal immigration to the United States broadly supports the predictions of our theoretical model. Foreign aid worsens the recipient's terms of trade. While the terms of trade effect tends to reduce illegal immigration, countervailing effects are found to dominate. The paper contributes to the related literature by establishing that there are unintended consequences of foreign aid, and, while some of them are reminiscent of the classical transfer problem, others are new and arise due to endogenous illegal immigration flows.