Papers by Husam Bakr
ERU Research Journal
Urban spaces are important for communities as places to practice different activities that help m... more Urban spaces are important for communities as places to practice different activities that help meet users' needs. Therefore, the study aims to examine the results of prior research using space syntax to understand the relationship between the spatial configurations of spaces and users' behavior, as well as its impact on improving the use of urban spaces. So, the paper began with a quick summary of the theory's foundational concepts. "The social logic of Space" by Bill Hillier and Julianne Hanson (1984) and "Space is the Machine" (1996) follow. Then, if it was essential, current publications and studies that had a significant influence on the theory were referenced. One of the main study questions in space syntax research has always been how to describe and predict socio-spatial experience. by analyzing Trafalgar and Old Market Square and studying the role of space syntax theory in enhancing these two squares. Results, there is a relationship between human behavior and spatiality in those two Squares. From the foregoing, it is clear that Space Syntax is a vital tool in understanding and predicting the movement and user behavior within urban spaces, which is recommended to be used to study and enhance the performance of urban spaces. In conclusion, this paper presents a theoretical basis for understanding and facilitating the application of space syntax in urban space.
Engineering Research Journal
Globally, a significant proportion of the building energy is consumed for achieving the required ... more Globally, a significant proportion of the building energy is consumed for achieving the required thermal and optical comfort. The building form and the other associated factors heavily affect the indoor thermal comfort and the lighting energy of any air-conditioned or naturally ventilated building. The most important parameters affecting the thermal comfort and lighting energy requirement of the indoor environment are the building shape, orientation and the window to wall ratio (WWR) of the building. These parameters are interrelated and a proper combination is required to achieve the optimal thermal comfort and energy efficiency.
Engineering Research Journal, 2020
Adaptation strategies and principles can be learned from nature. It has developed through their e... more Adaptation strategies and principles can be learned from nature. It has developed through their evolution various strategies to cope with the different climatic aspects that suit different environmental conditions. Investigating and analyzing these strategies and their dominating principles is essential prior to the transfer of their strategies to adaptive building envelopes. From plant adaptations to Building envelopes using biomimicry. This approach can help future building skins to be more responsive and adaptive that change with time to adapt environmental conditions to both external and internal conditions and satisfies thermal comfort levels.
social structures; housing; security The Saudi society used to be among the most secure in the wo... more social structures; housing; security The Saudi society used to be among the most secure in the world. Unfortunately, recent statistics have indicated an increase in crime rates that may be attributed to a number of socio economic and cultural factors. A number of affordable housing schemes based on western design traditions were built that did not create the expected level of security to its residents. Prince Abdul Majeed housing scheme represent an outstanding example, as statistics indicated that the project has 17 times more crime than the average of the city of Jeddah, where the project is located. Faced with lack of spatial crime data, trace observation and questionnaire were utilized to acquire qualitative and quantitative crime data based on residence location within the project for a representative sample of project residents. The project layout was analyzed using Depthmap. The results indicated the 15% of the respondents had experienced one or more crimes. Spatial and synta...
HBIM and environmental simulation : Possibilities and challenges
Activating Sustainable Housing Trial in KSA Applying (LEED) Standard on Al-Ghala Developmental Housing Project
A sustainable house is the one that follows basic principles of design with special emphasis on d... more A sustainable house is the one that follows basic principles of design with special emphasis on dealing with energy, resources and water. Moreover, it is characterized by local design that develops in harmony with the surrounding natural, manufactured and socioeconomic environment. In addition to satisfying functional and environmental efficiency and being comfortable for users, a sustainable house reduces negative impacts on environment and public health. Basic principles of a sustainable housing is strongly associated with local design, efficiency, accuracy and sensitivity in dealing with different design elements that affect the planning of housing projects such as site, climate, technology, and local culture of the community. There are many available tools for measuring and evaluating building sustainability. The goal of these tools is to encourage designing, constructing and managing environmentally friendly buildings and to develop a more environmentally responsible constructi...
1 Multicase Algorithm for Road Realignment of Informal Settlements
Slum area redevelopment is a complex phenomenon to handle. Conventional approaches usually prescr... more Slum area redevelopment is a complex phenomenon to handle. Conventional approaches usually prescribe physical modifications to infrastructure, deteriorated building, roads or services. The problem is that these modifications are usually applied to most informal settlements regardless of their uniqueness or individuality. As a result, these policies do not achieve noticeable accomplishments in tackling slum problems from its roots. On the contrary they act as a catalyst that expedites growth in their number and seriousness. This paper offers a new methodology that sets a multicase algorithm to assimilate slum areas in their surrounding by the re-alignment of their roads network based on a computerized set of rules generated from each settlement specific conditions (e.g. how far it is from the core, its location on agricultural or desert areas, etc.). The algorithm is applied on an ArcGIS 10.1 (ESRI) platform integrated with AxwomanTM (Space Syntax) extension. This methodology is test...
Upgrading slum areas is considered a priority in many developing countries. However, struggling f... more Upgrading slum areas is considered a priority in many developing countries. However, struggling for meager resources makes prioritization decisions a political rather than a technical one. Objective differentiation tools are usually developed based solely on socio-economic or financial criteria, with little regard to the projected outcome of intervention. This paper shows how GIS and Space Syntax can be integrated within a Decision Support Model to determine intervention’s upgrading priority given two plausible scenarios. A number of socio-economic, urban fabric and spatial factors are used to devise a complex elimination based tree decision methodology to select candidate slums. The devised index is termed Coexistence Potential (CP) compares a set of slums according to the two chosen scenarios grouped under an ‘effectiveness’ and a ‘needness ’ index. The index uses Space Syntax integration values and integrated with number of GIS indices to result in prioritization of intervention....
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2010
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that it is possible to identify a number of physical... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that it is possible to identify a number of physical design properties of plots that are associated with coastal alteration and to develop a predictive model or metric to evaluate the potential alteration caused by that resort. Investors may have economic plot size concerns not considered by planners, tourists may prefer close proximity to deep waters, and urban planners may have failed to realize the importance of certain plot ratios or minimum dimensions etc.Design/methodology/approachA combination of geographical information system and statistical tools is used to identify and model these properties. The research uses data from three different resorts in two countries along the Red Sea coast (Hurghada and Safaga in Egypt and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia). Landsat TM7 images are obtained for each location and analysed to detect regions with the largest alteration along the coast using the post‐classification change technique. Physical propert...
saudigis.org
This paper takes the standpoint that a city's defensibility is a function of its urban morphologi... more This paper takes the standpoint that a city's defensibility is a function of its urban morphologic structure as much as any other military tactical or logistical factor. In spite of GPS/satellite precision-based, remotely controlled electronic wars, urban warfare can only be decided on the ground. Once again the urban-scape layout of cities and towns became a key player on what older planners and architects called "Defensible Cities". Only this time the cities are up against a much vicious and aggressive invader: superior fire-power. This paper attempts to reexamine the association between an urban-scape and the military events to control cities. Are planners able through design of cities to make them more defensible and safe for its population? Can GIS be used in conjunction with Space syntax to formulate new measures and analysis tools of the defensibility of cities? This paper uses Depthmap (UCL) together with ArcGIS software to analyze the fall of Falluja on November 2004 in 8 days. The results are associated with the attacking forces choice of particular streets, avoidance of others, the ease of flow through particular neighborhoods and the resilience of others in order to understand if the city's structure had anything to do with the speed with which it fell. Results reveal how certain syntactic morphological measures including connectivity, integration, and mean depth among others may be used to explain why cities are more-or-less defensible.
تهدف الدراسة إلي التعرف علي السمات المميزة لمساقط منازل حسن فتحي من خلال دراسة لمنزلي ميت ريحان و... more تهدف الدراسة إلي التعرف علي السمات المميزة لمساقط منازل حسن فتحي من خلال دراسة لمنزلي ميت ريحان وحاتم صادق لمعرفة السمات المشتركة وعناصر الإختلاف بين المنزلين إضافة إلي التعرف علي كيف يعكس التصميم نمط معيشة أهل البيت. تم إستخدام تقنيات تحليل بنية الفراغ وتحليل مجالات الرؤية لتحليل مساقط المنزلين والتي أمكن من خلالها التوصل للسمات المميزة والتي تشكل مفردات لغة الصياغة الفراغية التي يستخدمها حسن فتحي والتي منها التنوع والثراء الفراغي، والإقتصاد في استخدام فراغات الحركة، أنخفاض الإندماج، المستوي مرتفع من الخصوصية، كثرة الإنعطافات، أسنخدام المسارات البديلة، أستخدام الفناء وعناصر الحركة للفصل والربط بين العناصر الوظيفية المختلفة، استخدام التشعب والعمق لتحقيق الخصوصية، تعدد المداخل، الموقع المميز لجناح النوم الرئيسي
Whole life sustainability in the design of tourist resorts: A coastal alteration prediction model (CAP) using GIS and statistical tools
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, Jan 1, 2010
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that it is possible to identify a number of physi... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that it is possible to identify a number of physical design properties of plots that are associated with coastal alteration and to develop a predictive model or metric to evaluate the potential alteration caused by that resort. Investors may have economic plot size concerns not considered by planners, tourists may prefer close proximity to deep waters, and urban planners may have failed to realize the importance of certain plot ratios or minimum dimensions etc.
Design/methodology/approach – A combination of geographical information system and statistical tools is used to identify and model these properties. The research uses data from three different resorts in two countries along the Red Sea coast (Hurghada and Safaga in Egypt and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia). Landsat TM7 images are obtained for each location and analysed to detect regions with the largest alteration along the coast using the post-classification change technique. Physical properties of each village are generated using ArcGIS 9.2 both before and after alteration. Finally, a predictive decision-support tool for urban planners and environmental auditors is formulated using stepwise discriminant analysis.
Findings – Two-step cluster analysis and discriminate analysis show that alteration takes place based on factors that include original width and original distance to deep water in three distinct groups. The predictive model that is developed classifies any given resort into one of three clusters, by virtue of their physical design characteristics. This gives a rough prediction of the likely alteration that might take place under a given condition. Subdivision plans that ignore the power of these two factors literally “invite” owners to violate shorelines and encroach on the sea. Planners are urged to join hands with policy makers and developers to formulate guidelines to plot subdivision and environmentally acceptable design solutions to facilitate access to deep water.
Originality/value – Till now, there has been no metric to relate a plot's geometric properties with the encroachment it makes. If such an association could be made, a developer's resort plans may be evaluated to predict the degree by which an encroachment is likely. The model can be used to identify resorts whose properties present a risk to shorelines, dredge or fill to maximize usable land. Two benefits may be thought of for this approach. First, the model helps urban planners develop a sustainable coastal area by bearing in mind the needs of tourist-developers as well as the properties of their adjacent coast. Second, the factors can be used to rationalize building guidelines and land use regulations to minimize such risk.
Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA), 2010 International Conference on, Sep 10, 2010
The coastline of Hurghada, Egypt has been a site of extensive tourism development since the 1980'... more The coastline of Hurghada, Egypt has been a site of extensive tourism development since the 1980's. Construction and habitat alteration, including dredge and fill operations of shallow areas, excavation of artificial lagoons, construction of huge marine structures, and mining and quarrying. Experts consider Hurghada to be an example of what un-planned development could damage marine and aquatic life. Yet little research has been done on which -if any- physical design factors of tourist villages that promote or impair dredging. For example, is there a relationship between filling more coastal area and plot dimensions or area? Is there a difference between the behaviour of privately and publicly owned plots when it comes to altering the coast line? Are regulatory instruments of protecting the shoreline, limiting area and setting a set-back distance effective and reasonable? This paper analyses these issues using time-series data from 3 satellite images that monitor up coastal development in Hurghada from 1989-2005. It uses statistical analysis linked to a GIS database to examine the association between physical factors of tourist projects and the propensity to assault the coast. It concludes that several planning and legislative flaws are likely to have contributed to the encroachment on the coastal strip in Hurghada. It presents a list of future recommendations for the planning of plot subdivision and its regulations.
This paper takes the standpoint that a city’s defensibility is a function of its urban morphologi... more This paper takes the standpoint that a city’s defensibility is a function of its urban morphologic structure as much as any other military tactical or logistical factor. In spite of GPS/satellite precision-based, remotely controlled electronic wars, urban
warfare can only be decided on the ground. Once again the urban-scape layout of cities and towns became a key player on what older planners and architects called "Defensible Cities". Only this time the cities are up against a much vicious and
aggressive invader: superior fire-power. This paper attempts to re-examine the association between an urban-scape and the military events to control cities. Are planners able through design of cities to make them more defensible and safe for its
population? Can GIS be used in conjunction with Space syntax to formulate new measures and analysis tools of the defensibility of cities? This paper uses Depthmap (UCL) together with ArcGIS software to analyze the fall of Falluja on November 2004 in 8 days. The results are associated with the attacking forces choice of particular streets, avoidance of others, the ease of flow through particular neighborhoods and the resilience of others in order to understand if the city’s structure had anything to do with the speed with which it fell. Results reveal how certain syntactic morphological measures including connectivity, integration, and mean depth among others may be used to explain why cities are more-or-less defensible.
This study investigates the interrelationship between layout configuration and social interaction... more This study investigates the interrelationship between layout configuration and social interaction at "Al-Hosinia" area, a traditional Egyptian residential area in Cairo. The main objective of the study is to pinpoint the layout properties that significantly affect social interaction in the area. The effect of a large number of physical and syntactical variables were explored against social interaction data that were collected from 60 questionnaires and observations. The space syntax technique offers a number of objective measures that account for different local and global layout properties, which permit for rigorous investigation of the study questions. Space syntax theory assumes a relation between layout global properties and rates of pedestrian movement, yet a probabilistic relation between rates of movement and actual interaction. However, the first part of this assumption was extensively investigated in different studies, while the second part was somewhat undermined. The study aims to reaffirm the findings of previous studies regarding the relation between layout properties and rates of movement in a new environment, and to see whether that would affect actual interaction or not. Two types of interactions were distinguished between: on-street interactions or visible interactions, and latent interactions. The relation between each type of interaction and layout properties, as well as the relation between the two types of interaction were investigated.
Urban design factors associated with coastal alterations
Environmental Engineering and …, Jan 1, 2010
Page 1. 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA 2010) ... more Page 1. 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA 2010) Urban Design Factors Associated with Coastal Alterations The Case of Hurghada, Red Sea in Egypt Ayman M Ismail (Professor ...
Conference Presentations by Husam Bakr
Research Handbook of the 13 GIS Symposium , 2019
Real estate valuation is traditionally a commercial enterprise used by realtors and others. Howev... more Real estate valuation is traditionally a commercial enterprise used by realtors and others. However, a growing concern is initiated for aggregate valuation (termed in the literature as “market area problem”) researched by planners to enable the coining of an entire residential area for urban development and tax purposes. This paper is an attempt to devise an aggregate indicator of property value by testing several moderator and mediator variables influencing property value; particularly noise, street width, integration and choice. The model is based on combining Collector for GIS as a local input device for field data and processing them through ArcGIS and SpaceSyntax. The model is applied to a case study in Fayoum, Egypt.
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Papers by Husam Bakr
Design/methodology/approach – A combination of geographical information system and statistical tools is used to identify and model these properties. The research uses data from three different resorts in two countries along the Red Sea coast (Hurghada and Safaga in Egypt and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia). Landsat TM7 images are obtained for each location and analysed to detect regions with the largest alteration along the coast using the post-classification change technique. Physical properties of each village are generated using ArcGIS 9.2 both before and after alteration. Finally, a predictive decision-support tool for urban planners and environmental auditors is formulated using stepwise discriminant analysis.
Findings – Two-step cluster analysis and discriminate analysis show that alteration takes place based on factors that include original width and original distance to deep water in three distinct groups. The predictive model that is developed classifies any given resort into one of three clusters, by virtue of their physical design characteristics. This gives a rough prediction of the likely alteration that might take place under a given condition. Subdivision plans that ignore the power of these two factors literally “invite” owners to violate shorelines and encroach on the sea. Planners are urged to join hands with policy makers and developers to formulate guidelines to plot subdivision and environmentally acceptable design solutions to facilitate access to deep water.
Originality/value – Till now, there has been no metric to relate a plot's geometric properties with the encroachment it makes. If such an association could be made, a developer's resort plans may be evaluated to predict the degree by which an encroachment is likely. The model can be used to identify resorts whose properties present a risk to shorelines, dredge or fill to maximize usable land. Two benefits may be thought of for this approach. First, the model helps urban planners develop a sustainable coastal area by bearing in mind the needs of tourist-developers as well as the properties of their adjacent coast. Second, the factors can be used to rationalize building guidelines and land use regulations to minimize such risk.
warfare can only be decided on the ground. Once again the urban-scape layout of cities and towns became a key player on what older planners and architects called "Defensible Cities". Only this time the cities are up against a much vicious and
aggressive invader: superior fire-power. This paper attempts to re-examine the association between an urban-scape and the military events to control cities. Are planners able through design of cities to make them more defensible and safe for its
population? Can GIS be used in conjunction with Space syntax to formulate new measures and analysis tools of the defensibility of cities? This paper uses Depthmap (UCL) together with ArcGIS software to analyze the fall of Falluja on November 2004 in 8 days. The results are associated with the attacking forces choice of particular streets, avoidance of others, the ease of flow through particular neighborhoods and the resilience of others in order to understand if the city’s structure had anything to do with the speed with which it fell. Results reveal how certain syntactic morphological measures including connectivity, integration, and mean depth among others may be used to explain why cities are more-or-less defensible.
Conference Presentations by Husam Bakr
Design/methodology/approach – A combination of geographical information system and statistical tools is used to identify and model these properties. The research uses data from three different resorts in two countries along the Red Sea coast (Hurghada and Safaga in Egypt and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia). Landsat TM7 images are obtained for each location and analysed to detect regions with the largest alteration along the coast using the post-classification change technique. Physical properties of each village are generated using ArcGIS 9.2 both before and after alteration. Finally, a predictive decision-support tool for urban planners and environmental auditors is formulated using stepwise discriminant analysis.
Findings – Two-step cluster analysis and discriminate analysis show that alteration takes place based on factors that include original width and original distance to deep water in three distinct groups. The predictive model that is developed classifies any given resort into one of three clusters, by virtue of their physical design characteristics. This gives a rough prediction of the likely alteration that might take place under a given condition. Subdivision plans that ignore the power of these two factors literally “invite” owners to violate shorelines and encroach on the sea. Planners are urged to join hands with policy makers and developers to formulate guidelines to plot subdivision and environmentally acceptable design solutions to facilitate access to deep water.
Originality/value – Till now, there has been no metric to relate a plot's geometric properties with the encroachment it makes. If such an association could be made, a developer's resort plans may be evaluated to predict the degree by which an encroachment is likely. The model can be used to identify resorts whose properties present a risk to shorelines, dredge or fill to maximize usable land. Two benefits may be thought of for this approach. First, the model helps urban planners develop a sustainable coastal area by bearing in mind the needs of tourist-developers as well as the properties of their adjacent coast. Second, the factors can be used to rationalize building guidelines and land use regulations to minimize such risk.
warfare can only be decided on the ground. Once again the urban-scape layout of cities and towns became a key player on what older planners and architects called "Defensible Cities". Only this time the cities are up against a much vicious and
aggressive invader: superior fire-power. This paper attempts to re-examine the association between an urban-scape and the military events to control cities. Are planners able through design of cities to make them more defensible and safe for its
population? Can GIS be used in conjunction with Space syntax to formulate new measures and analysis tools of the defensibility of cities? This paper uses Depthmap (UCL) together with ArcGIS software to analyze the fall of Falluja on November 2004 in 8 days. The results are associated with the attacking forces choice of particular streets, avoidance of others, the ease of flow through particular neighborhoods and the resilience of others in order to understand if the city’s structure had anything to do with the speed with which it fell. Results reveal how certain syntactic morphological measures including connectivity, integration, and mean depth among others may be used to explain why cities are more-or-less defensible.