University of Buckingham | Medical School

The literature is unclear on whether the adipokine chemerin has pro-or antiinflammatory properties or plays any role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes or obesity. To address these questions, and in particular the potential of agonists... more

The literature is unclear on whether the adipokine chemerin has pro-or antiinflammatory properties or plays any role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes or obesity. To address these questions, and in particular the potential of agonists or antagonists of the chemerin receptor CMKLR1 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, we studied the metabolic phenotypes of both male and female, CMKLR1 knockout and heterozygote mice. We also investigated changes in plasma chemerin levels and chemerin gene mRNA content in adipose tissue in models of obesity and diabetes, and in response to fasting or administration of the insulin sensitizing drug rosiglitazone, which also has anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of murine chemerin and specific C-terminal peptides on glucose uptake in wild-type and CMKLR1 knockout adipocytes were investigated as a possible mechanism by which chemerin affects the blood glucose concentration. Both male and female CMKLR1 knockout and heterozygote mice displayed a mild tendency to obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis, but only when they were fed on a high-fat died, rather than a standard low-fat diet. Obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis did not occur concurrently, suggesting that obesity was not the sole cause of impaired glucose homeostasis. Picomolar concentrations of chemerin and its C15-and C19-terminal peptides stimulated glucose uptake in the presence of insulin by rat and mouse wildtype epididymal adipocytes, but not by murine CMKLR1 knockout adipocytes. The insulin concentration-response curve was shifted to the left in the presence of 40 pM chemerin or its C-15 terminal peptide. The plasma chemerin level was raised in diet-induced obesity and ob/ob but not db/db mice, and was reduced by fasting and, in ob/ob mice, by treatment with rosiglitazone. These findings suggest that an agonist of CMKLR1 is more likely than an antagonist to be of value in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and to have associated anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities. One mechanism by which an agonist of CMKLR1 might improve glucose homeostasis is by increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes. How to cite this article Wargent et al. (2015), Evidence from studies in rodents and in isolated adipocytes that agonists of the chemerin receptor CMKLR1 may be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PeerJ 3:e753; DOI 10.7717/peerj.753 Woods SC, Seeley RJ. 2013. Increased adipose tissue hypoxia and capacity for angiogenesis and inflammation in young diet-sensitive C57 mice compared with diet-resistant FVB mice. Matyskova R, Maletinska L, Maixnerova J, Pirnik Z, Kiss A, Zelezna B. 2008. Comparison of the obesity phenotypes related to monosodium glutamate effect on arcuate nucleus and/or the high fat diet feeding in C57BL/6 and NMRI mice. Physiological Research 57:727-734. Muruganandan S, Parlee SD, Rourke JL, Ernst MC, Goralski KB, Sinal CJ. 2011. Chemerin, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) target gene that promotes mesenchymal stem cell adipogenesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry

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- by Ed Wargent and +1
  jacqueline odowd
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Absence of leptin is known to disrupt the development of energy balance regulatory mechanisms. We investigated whether administration of leptin to normally nourished rats affects energy balance in their offspring. Leptin (2 mg·kg−1·day−1)... more

Background and purpose: In previous work, 10 pM BRL37344 and 10 pM clenbuterol stimulated glucose uptake in mouse soleus muscle. Ten nM BRL37344 also stimulated uptake but 100 nM clenbuterol inhibited uptake. Antagonist studies suggested... more

Previous studies by Tisdale et al. have reported that zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG (AZGP1)) reduces body fat content and improves glucose homeostasis and the plasma lipid profile in Aston (ob/ob) mice. It has been suggested that this might... more

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- by jacqueline odowd
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- 2
  Endocrinology, Veterinary Sciences

The β-adrenoceptor agonists BRL37344 and clenbuterol have opposite effects on glucose uptake in mouse soleus muscle, even though the β 2-adrenoceptor mediates both effects. Different agonists may direct the soleus muscle β 2-adrenoceptor... more

Mice that lack acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (Dgat1-/- mice) are reported to have a reduced body fat content and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Studies so far have focussed on male null mice fed a high fat... more

During embryonic development, multipotent endodermal cells differentiate to form the pancreas. Islet cell clusters arising from the pancreatic bud form the acini tissue and exocrine ducts whilst pancreatic islets form around the edges of... more

Pups of normally nourished dams that are cross-fostered after birth to dams fed a low-protein (8% by weight) diet (postnatal low protein (PLP)) grow slower during the suckling period and remain small and lean throughout adulthood. At... more

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- by jacqueline odowd
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- 5
  Education, Neuropeptide Y, Time Factors, Gene Expression Regulation

The literature is unclear on whether the adipokine chemerin has pro-or antiinflammatory properties or plays any role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes or obesity. To address these questions, and in particular the potential of agonists... more

The literature is unclear on whether the adipokine chemerin has pro-or antiinflammatory properties or plays any role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes or obesity. To address these questions, and in particular the potential of agonists or antagonists of the chemerin receptor CMKLR1 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, we studied the metabolic phenotypes of both male and female, CMKLR1 knockout and heterozygote mice. We also investigated changes in plasma chemerin levels and chemerin gene mRNA content in adipose tissue in models of obesity and diabetes, and in response to fasting or administration of the insulin sensitizing drug rosiglitazone, which also has anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of murine chemerin and specific C-terminal peptides on glucose uptake in wild-type and CMKLR1 knockout adipocytes were investigated as a possible mechanism by which chemerin affects the blood glucose concentration. Both male and female CMKLR1 knockout and heterozygote mice displayed a mild tendency to obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis, but only when they were fed on a high-fat died, rather than a standard low-fat diet. Obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis did not occur concurrently, suggesting that obesity was not the sole cause of impaired glucose homeostasis. Picomolar concentrations of chemerin and its C15-and C19-terminal peptides stimulated glucose uptake in the presence of insulin by rat and mouse wildtype epididymal adipocytes, but not by murine CMKLR1 knockout adipocytes. The insulin concentration-response curve was shifted to the left in the presence of 40 pM chemerin or its C-15 terminal peptide. The plasma chemerin level was raised in diet-induced obesity and ob/ob but not db/db mice, and was reduced by fasting and, in ob/ob mice, by treatment with rosiglitazone. These findings suggest that an agonist of CMKLR1 is more likely than an antagonist to be of value in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and to have associated anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities. One mechanism by which an agonist of CMKLR1 might improve glucose homeostasis is by increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes. How to cite this article Wargent et al. (2015), Evidence from studies in rodents and in isolated adipocytes that agonists of the chemerin receptor CMKLR1 may be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PeerJ 3:e753;

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- by jacqueline odowd
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- 3
  Endocrinology, Medicine, Internal Medicine

In this study the researcher dealt with the Salam Canal project in the western part of the Suez Canal in the area confined between the Damietta branch and the Suez Canal to clarify the effect of irrigation projects on the utilitarian... more

In this study the researcher dealt with the Salam Canal project in the western part of the Suez Canal in the area confined between the Damietta branch and the Suez Canal to clarify the effect of irrigation projects on the utilitarian value of this area. The northern delta through which this canal passes suffers from a severe shortage of arable water before the establishment of the Al Salam Canal. This canal passes through five governorates, namely (Damietta-Dakahlia-Sharqia-Ismailia-Port Said) with a length of 78 km. Before the construction of the Salam Canal, these lands depended for agriculture on the water of the Sarw drain in Damietta, the Bahr Hadous drainage in Dakahlia, and the Bahr al-Baqar drain in Sharkia, meaning that it relied entirely on agricultural drainage water. The first topic in this study deals with the evolution of the construction of the Al-Salam Canal and the stages through which the drilling operations went And the geographical limits of the irrigation engineering that regulate irrigation operations, ‫السويس‬ ‫قناة‬ ‫غرب‬ ‫اضى‬ ‫ألر‬ ‫النفعية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرى‬ ‫مشروعات‬ ‫أثر‬ ‫األ‬ ‫اجلز‬ ‫ول‬ 357 Then the second topic dealt with the distribution of the organizing engineering for irrigation operations in canals, drains and agricultural areas that irrigate Al-Salam Canal water in this region Then the third topic dealt with the factors affecting water consumption such as climatic factors, factors related to soil and water, or plant factors. In the fourth topic, the study dealt with the economic feasibility of connecting irrigation water to the lands west of the Suez Canal, the impact of the Al-Salam Canal on development in that region and the environmental impacts, and biology on the neighborhoods in this region, then the researcher concluded his study with his findings and recommendations, then the references that he used during this study.

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- by Suhaib Ghula
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- 2
  Medicine, Social Science Research Network

Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information... more

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- by Minh Le and +2
  Diana Rochez
  Suhaib Ghula
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- Cardiology

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