Master of Divinity

The theory of phase resetting can reveal important information about the dynamic behavior of a periodic system when a single brief stimulus is applied to that system at the appropriate time. Phase resetting studies have revealed the existence in some biological systems of a vulnerable stimulus window generating desynchronization and suppression of the activity. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a "singular" stimulus could annihilate this activity. Perfusion with the high-K solution produced synchronous, quasi-periodic population bursts with inter-burst interval of ~0.8-1.5 seconds. A single 0.1 ms duration anodic pulse of programmable delay and magnitude was applied to the somatic layer of the CA3 pyramidal cells. Three types of phase-resetting behavior were observed: (1) Weak resetting with little or no effect on the timing of the subsequent burst, (2) Strong resetting where the applied current pulse delayed the next event by one time period, (3)...

An algorithm is presented to predict the intensity and timing of a singular single stimulus required to switch the state of a bistable system from repetitive activity to a stable point. The algorithm is first tested on a modified Hodgkin-Huxley model to predict the parameters of a stimulus capable of annihilating the spontaneously occurring repetitive action potentials. Elevation of the potassium equilibrium potential causes oscillations in the V, m, h and n parameters and generates periodic activity. Equations describing the time-varying behavior of these parameters can be used to predict the pulse width, coupling interval and intensity of a single anodic pulse applied between two consecutive action potentials to suppress the activity. The algorithm was then applied to predict the singular parameters of quasi-periodic epileptiform activity generated in the hippocampus slice preparation exposed to high-potassium concentrations. The results indicate that a stimulus with the estimated...

Objective: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) with direct electrical cortical stimulation (DECS) mapping can be used to localize language areas during the resection of lesions near the Broca's language area. Case Report: A 53 year-old male presented with history of left fronto-parietal mass. Patient had a history of slurring of speech and seizures. An awake craniotomy with a gross total resection was planned. After sedation and patient positioning, bilateral median nerve, ulnar nerve and posterior tibial nerve SSEP were recorded along with the baseline scalp electroencephalograph (EEG). Electromyograms (EMG) were recorded from right face, deltoid, forearm and hand muscles. Neuromuscular blockade was used only for initial intubation. Following cerebral cortex exposure, a six-grid (1 x 6) subdural electrode was placed on the cortical surface over the area of the presumed central sulcus for waveform interpretation. Contralateral median nerve and ulnar nerve stimula...

An algorithm is presented to predict the intensity and timing of a singular single stimulus required to switch the state of a bistable system from repetitive activity to a stable point. The algorithm is first tested on a modified Hodgkin-Huxley model to predict the parameters of a stimulus capable of annihilating the spontaneously occurring repetitive action potentials. Elevation of the potassium equilibrium potential causes oscillations in the V, m, h and n parameters and generates periodic activity. Equations describing the time-varying behavior of these parameters can be used to predict the pulse width, coupling interval and intensity of a single anodic pulse applied between two consecutive action potentials to suppress the activity. The algorithm was then applied to predict the singular parameters of quasi-periodic epileptiform activity generated in the hippocampus slice preparation exposed to high-potassium concentrations. The results indicate that a stimulus with the estimated parameters was able to either completely annihilate the action potentials in the HH model or predict the region of unpredictable latencies. Therefore this algorithm is capable a predicting singular parameters accurately when the model is known. In the case of an experimental system where the equations of the system are not known, the algorithm predicted parameters in the range of those observed experimentally. Therefore, the algorithm could reduce significantly the amount of time required to find the singular parameters of experimental bistable systems normally obtained by a systematic exploration of the parameter space. In particular, this algorithm could be useful to predict the singular parameters of quasi periodic epileptiform activity leading to the suppression of this activity if the system is bistable.

An algorithm is presented to predict the intensity and timing of a singular single stimulus required to switch the state of a bistable system from repetitive activity to a stable point. The algorithm is first tested on a modified Hodgkin-Huxley model to predict the parameters of a stimulus capable of annihilating the spontaneously occurring repetitive action potentials. Elevation of the potassium equilibrium potential causes oscillations in the V, m, h and n parameters and generates periodic activity. Equations describing the time-varying behavior of these parameters can be used to predict the pulse width, coupling interval and intensity of a single anodic pulse applied between two consecutive action potentials to suppress the activity. The algorithm was then applied to predict the singular parameters of quasi-periodic epileptiform activity generated in the hippocampus slice preparation exposed to high-potassium concentrations. The results indicate that a stimulus with the estimated...

An algorithm is presented to predict the intensity and timing of a singular single stimulus required to switch the state of a bistable system from repetitive activity to a stable point. The algorithm is first tested on a modified Hodgkin-Huxley model to predict the parameters of a stimulus capable of annihilating the spontaneously occurring repetitive action potentials. Elevation of the potassium equilibrium potential causes oscillations in the V, m, h and n parameters and generates periodic activity. Equations describing the time-varying behavior of these parameters can be used to predict the pulse width, coupling interval and intensity of a single anodic pulse applied between two consecutive action potentials to suppress the activity. The algorithm was then applied to predict the singular parameters of quasi-periodic epileptiform activity generated in the hippocampus slice preparation exposed to high-potassium concentrations. The results indicate that a stimulus with the estimated parameters was able to either completely annihilate the action potentials in the HH model or predict the region of unpredictable latencies. Therefore this algorithm is capable a predicting singular parameters accurately when the model is known. In the case of an experimental system where the equations of the system are not known, the algorithm predicted parameters in the range of those observed experimentally. Therefore, the algorithm could reduce significantly the amount of time required to find the singular parameters of experimental bistable systems normally obtained by a systematic exploration of the parameter space. In particular, this algorithm could be useful to predict the singular parameters of quasi periodic epileptiform activity leading to the suppression of this activity if the system is bistable.

to line up, such as heart rate, breathing, and affect. Similar to an emotional contagion sweeping through a crowd at a football game, those engaged in the enactment of the eucharistic ritual begin to resonate with those around them, which serves to "communicate information, advance social cohesion, and enhance group safety." 5