Papers by Ryerson Christie
Introduction, Mary Martin and Taylor Owen Part I: Concepts of Human Security 1. Birth of a Discou... more Introduction, Mary Martin and Taylor Owen Part I: Concepts of Human Security 1. Birth of a Discourse, Amartya Sen 2. From definitions to investigating a discourse, Des Gasper 3. In Defense of the Broad View of Human Security, Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh 4. Human Security Thresholds, Taylor Owen 5. Filling the security gap. Human Security, Human Rights and Human Development, Mary Kaldor 6. Critical Perspectives on Human Security, Keith Krause 7. The Siren Song of Human Security, Ryerson Christie 8. Why Human Security?The Case for Resilience in an Urban Century, Peter Liotta and Aybuke Bilgin Part II: Human Security Applications 9. Violent conflict and the individual security dilemma, Mient Jan Faber and Martijn Dekker 10. Security and development. Context specific approaches to human insecurity, Richard Jolly 11. Human Security in the R2P Era, Lloyd Axworthy 12. Human Security and War, Jennifer Leaning 13. Human Security and Natural Disasters, Thea Hilhorst, Alp Ozerdem and Erin Smith 14. Food and Human Security, Robert Bailey 15. Navigating the 'national security' barrier:a human security agenda for arms control in the 21st century, Deepayan Basu Ray 16. Adjusting the Paradigm: A Human Security Framework for Combating Terrorism, Cindy R. Jebb and Andrew A. Gallo Part III: Human Security Actors 17. The United Nations and Human Security: Between Solidarism and Pluralism, Edward Newman 18. Japan and Networked Human Security, Yukio Takasu 19. The European Union and Human Security. The making of a global security actor, Javier Solana 20. The Pan-Africanization of Human Security, Thomas Kwasi Tieku 21. Human Security and Asia, Paul Evans Part IV: Human Security Tools 22. Econometrics and human security, Mansoob Murshed 23. From Concept to Method: The challenge of a human security methodology, Mary Martin and Denisa Kostovicova 25. Human Security Mapping, Taylor Owen 25. Human security: idea, policy, and law, Gerd Oberleitner Conclusion, Taylor Owen and Mary Martin
Conference 'Emergent Powers and Regional Security: …, 2006
European Journal of International Security
While there has been a long engagement with the impact of time on peacebuilding policies and prac... more While there has been a long engagement with the impact of time on peacebuilding policies and practice, this engagement has to date focused predominately on issues of short- versus long-term initiatives, and of waning donor support for such initiatives. More recently, the critical peacebuilding turn has focused attention on the politics of the everyday as being essential to emancipatory endeavours enacted through localisation. Yet despite this, time itself has not been the subject of analysis, and the politics of time have not been integrated into the study of peacebuilding. This article, drawing both on historical institutionalist and on critical international studies analyses of temporality, provides a framework for analysing the impacts of time on the potential to achieve emancipatory peace. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Cambodia, this article asserts that a focus on Policy Time, Liberal Political Time, and Intergenerational Time highlights how pe...
Journal of Applied Volcanology
Contextualisation is the critical process of interactions between volcanologists and risk governa... more Contextualisation is the critical process of interactions between volcanologists and risk governance decision-makers and specifically the tailoring of hazard assessments to ensure they are driven by the needs of decision-makers. Quality assurance standards for the contextualisation of the analysis and communication of volcanic hazards do not formally exist. For volcanologists this governance lacuna creates a foreseeable and avoidable managerial hazard. This is the second of two papers that together investigate the interface between the scientific treatment of volcanic hazards and the governance of volcanic risks. Both papers are principally concerned with issues of risk governance and their focus is hazard communication by volcanologists at this hazard-risk interface (the interface) during periods of volcanic unrest. In our first paper "Hazard communication by volcanologists: Part 1-Framing the case for contextualisation and related quality standards in volcanic hazard assessments", (Bretton et al, J Appl. Volcanol.
Journal of Applied Volcanology
Scientific communication is one of the most challenging aspects of volcanic risk management becau... more Scientific communication is one of the most challenging aspects of volcanic risk management because the complexities and uncertainties of volcanic unrest make it difficult for scientists to provide information that is timely, relevant, easily comprehensible and trusted. When poorly handled, scientific communication can cause social, economic and political problems, and undermine community confidence in disaster management regimes. This is the first of two related papers that together investigate the interface between the scientific consideration of volcanic hazards and the governance of volcanic risks. Both papers are principally concerned with issues of risk governance, and their focus is hazard communication by volcanologists at this hazard-risk interface (the interface) during periods of volcanic unrest. In this paper, we argue that the working practices of contextualisation must be more methodical and propose four quality assurance standards that will enhance hazard assessments. To improve hazard communication between volcanologists and risk-mitigation decision-makers (decision-makers), we argue that volcanologists need to adopt a more iterative and structured approach that openly embraces the benefits, and confronts the challenges, of stakeholder-orientated 'contextualisation'. Our analysis of the published literature reveals evidence of a slow paradigm shift from practices based upon strict linear technocratic approaches to more iterative stakeholder participation. The extent of this shift varies in different regions, however, the rules and practices of deliberation often appear ad hoc and unstructured. Since there is currently insufficient guidance for managing the practicalities and standards of contextualisation, we introduce two novel concepts; the 'scrutiny dimension' of risk governance, which is the slow changing governance context that may influence the processes of contextualisation, and the dynamic 'equilibrium of contextualisation', which is the metastable product of regulatory standards, natural and organisational constraints, and stakeholder pressures. We argue that the working practices of contextualisation must be more structured and should strive to be open, transparent and fully articulated. Contextualisation, which meets proposed quality assurance standards of materiality, proximity, comprehensibility and integrity, will enhance hazard assessments and, thereby, the utility of their outputs. In our second paper (Bretton et al, J Appl. Volcanol.
Journal of Applied Volcanology, 2015
Journal of Applied Volcanology, 2015
In seeking to provide for the safety of local communities in the global south, there has been an ... more In seeking to provide for the safety of local communities in the global south, there has been an apparent policy focus on making early warning systems more robust, and improving the operation of disaster management programmes. However, the critical security studies literature has highlighted the ways in which security practices, including those nominally implemented on behalf of local communities can have negative impacts on peoples. Human security literature, in particular, highlights the ways in which the state security apparatus, which is often relied upon to notify and enforce evacuations, may often be perceived as a serious risk to communities. At the same time individuals live within complex security situations where daily threats to peoples' lives may outweigh geological hazards. Grounded within critical literature on the social construction of risk (Lupton; Beck, Douglas), the ways in which volcanic risk is calculated, communicated, and enacted upon, will be assessed in relation to the local communities' security dilemmas. Drawing on field work in communities at risk from lahars generated from Cotopaxi in Sangolqui, Ecuador, explores the ways in which competing claims of what constitutes security challenge the operating assumptions in emergency preparedness. In June 2012, 158 primary interviews were undertaken as a part of the EU funded VUELCO project in Ecuador. The findings were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methodologies, drawing most heavily on interpretive methodologies to argue that the scientific representation of volcanic hazards, and the resultant disaster management strategies, do not account for local context. Indeed, the majority of interviewees indicated a lack of trust in either scientific expertise or government representatives, on questions of security. By incorporating a broader narrative of security beyond a narrow focus on natural hazards, disaster preparedness and communication plans can be more effective.
Journal of Applied Volcanology, 2015
Discourse about the L'Aquila trial in Italy has overlooked the many different roles that laws pla... more Discourse about the L'Aquila trial in Italy has overlooked the many different roles that laws play within risk governance. For volcanic risk governance, laws not only create the duty holders, beneficiaries and the relationships between them (the stakeholders) and the duties and rights (the stakes) but also dictate the acceptable standards of safety and wellbeing (the ultimate rewards). Within any legal regime, certain court cases will attract a high public profile. They can serve a very helpful role by opening the black box of societal risk management so that robust and candid scrutiny of the past can lead to better management of the future. With such cases, the goal of the competent observer is to advance beyond debate about contested factual details of the past (the noise of what happened) and, by process of induction, to identify wider issues of principle and precedent upon which to make reasoned improvements (the signal to guide what should happen differently in the future and why). The generic characteristics of law-based regulatory regimes are identified because they can be treated as 'constants' which do not change, or do so only very slowly over time. Accordingly, these aspects are highly relevant to long-term risk governance. More ephemeral case-specific factual issues often remain contested and, accordingly, receive less attention here. Significant recent court cases, including L'Aquila, are framed by process of deduction within a generalised legal infrastructure in order to identify the root causes of the apparent status quo of risk governance. This forensic approach is vital not only to identify the legal responsibilities of societal risk managers and the managerial risks that they face and their causes but also to consider possible mitigation strategies. We identify the critical issue of managerial risk vulnerability related to 'standard equivocality' which is the absence of commonly recognised standards for hazard communications to risk decision makers. This absence may result from the lack of regulation of relevant practices and practitioners. We offer some recommendations to fuel debate not only within those science groups that reacted to the L'Aquila case but also the scientific community as a whole. Finally, we argue that checklists represent a rational and methodical way to develop acceptable practice standards focussed upon the difficult risk mitigation choices that are made by civil protection authorities and at-risk individuals.
Nations and Nationalism, 2015
ABSTRACT
Routledge Handbook of Human Security, 2013
The YCISS Working Paper Series is designed to stimulate feedback from other experts in the field.... more The YCISS Working Paper Series is designed to stimulate feedback from other experts in the field. The series explores topical themes that reflect work being undertaken at the Centre. ... 1 For a good cross section of this literature read the works of Gerard Ó Tuathail, Simon ...
Tables 3. 1 Resistance to forest clearing 68 3.2 The constriction of the public sphere 79 4.1 Sym... more Tables 3. 1 Resistance to forest clearing 68 3.2 The constriction of the public sphere 79 4.1 Symptoms of a weak state 4.2 Forced evictions I ll 4.3 The battle of homclcssness 4.4 Freedom of assembly under fire 4.5 The legal chokehold on public opinion and information 4.6 Unionization and the contestation over labor exploitation 4. 7 The struggle for land 4.8 Landscapes of protest and his marvellous humor and careful guidance throughout the early stages of this process have been invaluable. My time at Queen's was further enriched by many individ uals, where
Security Dialogue, Jan 1, 2010
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Papers by Ryerson Christie