Avaliaçao Psicologica: Interamerican Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2015
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo que relacione as condições para a cria... more RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo que relacione as condições para a criatividade no trabalho e a satisfação com o trabalho utilizando a técnica de Modelagem por Equações Estruturais. Participaram 367 pesquisadores de uma empresa pública com idade média de 45,8 anos (DP=9,8), sendo 62,1% homens. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos: Indicadores de Condições para Criar no Trabalho (ICCAT) e a versão reduzida da Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho (EST). Incialmente, os modelos de mensuração das escalas foram verificados. Depois de algumas modificações, os modelos demonstraram bons ajustes aos dados observados. Em seguida, foi avaliado o modelo estrutural integral da relação entre condições para a criatividade e satisfação no trabalho. Os índices de ajuste mostraram que o modelo se ajusta bem aos dados. Os resultados indicaram uma forte relação entre condições favoráveis à criatividade e satisfação no trabalho. Palavras-chave: criatividade; satisfação no trabalho; modelagem por equações estruturais. ABSTRACT-The relation between conditions for creativity and job satisfaction of researchers The purpose of this study was to develop a model relating conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction using Structural Equation Modeling. The sample data analyzed comprised of 367 researchers with a mean age of 45.8 years (SD=9.8), 62.1% being male, from a public company in Brazil. Two instruments were applied: Indicators of Conditions to Create at Work and the reduced version of the Scale of Job Satisfaction. Initially, the measurement models of the scales were analyzed. After modifications these models showed a good fit to the observed data. Subsequently, the full structural model of the relationship between conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction was assessed. The fit indexes showed that the full model fits the observed data well. The results indicated a strong relationship between favorable conditions for creativity and job satisfaction.
Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas valiosas no diagnóstico da deficiência intelect... more Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas valiosas no diagnóstico da deficiência intelectual. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a investigação das propriedades psicométricas do SON-R 6-40 aplicado em pessoas com deficiência intelectual. O SON-R 6-40 consiste de quatro subtestes: Analogias e Categorias (subtestes de raciocínio) e Mosaicos e Padrões (subtestes de execução). O teste foi administrado em 50 pessoas com o diagnóstico de deficiência intelectual, cuja média de QI foi de 70 (DP = 2,1). A análise fatorial exploratória indicou dois fatores: o primeiro constituído por subtestes de raciocínio e o segundo, por subtestes de execução. A média dos escores dos homens no fator de execução foi significativamente maior do que a média dos escores para as mulheres (p < 0,01; d de Cohen = 0,58). Os resultados obtidos dão suporte aos estudos prévios com o SON-R 6-40 e sugerem a adequação psicométrica dos escores do teste para o grupo avaliado.
Chair: Nadine Schuchart Overview: Living in a world of increasing cultural diversity both across ... more Chair: Nadine Schuchart Overview: Living in a world of increasing cultural diversity both across and with nations demonstrates daily the necessity of developing multilingual, nonverbal and adaptive psychological tests with high standards. In particular, this need also appears in the area of measuring developmental and intelligent functions of children and young people. Two different test designs were developed to meet these demands. On the one hand the SON-R: a nonverbal intelligence test which can be applied across cultures and nations as it is designed to be applied without the use of verbal or written instruction. And on the other hand the IDS: a highly differentiating test battery assessing developmental and cognitive functions. To meet the unique cultural differences the IDS are offered in different languages and item adaptations to meet differences in culture and language. Indeed the first paper in this symposium lights up the specifics of three different versions of the nonverbal intelligence test SON-R (2½-7, 2½-7a, and 6-40). The second paper gives an overview of assessing cognitive and developmental functions across childhood with the IDS. Moreover highlights of the newest development named IDS-2 are presented. The third paper considers clinical applications of the IDS and shows possible directions of IDS development in the future. The final paper tells the story in which way the IDS became successful on the Polish market based on a survey among Polish school psychologists. ***** Paper 1: Assessing cognitive abilities of children and adolescents with SON-R intelligence tests Jaap A. Laros Introduction: The first version of the SON test (Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal intelligence test) was intended for the intelligence assessment of deaf children in terms of learning ability and the extent to which children can profit from instruction at school. Objectives Purpose of this presentation is to show the general structure and specifics of three SON-R versions. Design and Conclusions: At the moment, there are three versions: (1) the SON-R 2½-7, for children between 2½ and 7 years, (2) the SON-R 2½-7[a], the abbreviated version of SON-R 2½-7, and (3) the SON-R 6-40 for people between 6 and 40 years. The SON tests are especially suited for the intelligence assessment of children with hearing-, speech- and language problems. The SON tests differ in several essential aspects from traditional tests of intelligence: the examinees do not need any specific language abilities; an adaptive testing procedure is used during the presentation of the items, and after each item feedback is given, which gives the examinee the opportunity to learn during the test administration. Another aspect refers to the procedure of determining the norm scores. For each SON test a mathematical model is elaborated where the score distributions for all age groups are fitted simultaneously as a continuous function of age. This way the norms can be based on the exact age of examinees, which is especially important in the age range from two to seven years during which the test performance improves very strongly. The SON-tests are used in various countries, like Germany, France, England, The Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Romania, China and Brazil. The research results with the various SON tests indicate that they are useful instruments for the nonverbal examination of the cognitive ability of children and adolescents with high score reliability and ample indications of the score validity. Paper 2: IDS and IDS-2: Overview, Goals and newest Developments Alexander Grob Introduction: The Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS) have their roots in a complete reconception of the Kramer Intelligence Test, which in turn directly refers to the Binet-Simon Test. The IDS bridge intelligence and developmental testing: They include a measure of general intelligence and additionally provide a developmental profile for the functional areas of Cognition, Psycho-Motor Skills, Social-Emotional Competences, Mathematics, Language, and Achievement Motivation. Objectives: The aim of the presentation is to show the general structure of the IDS and newest developments of the IDS-2. Design and Conclusion: The IDS allow detecting early developmental abnormalities and serve as an instrument for health care. The IDS can be applied for the complete range of developmental and achievement assessments, for school enrolment as well as for the clinical domain. The standardization sample includes 1.330 children in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Construct validity for age trends, subscaleintercorrelations, and factor structure were tested. Moreover, checks for criterion validity were done through comparisons with HAWIK-IV (German version of the WISC-IV), scholastic achievement tests, and parent’s and teacher’s reports. Differential validity is shown for gifted children, learning-disabled children, children of foreign-language, children with…
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), May 1, 2021
Los datos ausentes son comunes en las evaluaciones educacionales. Por ello el uso de métodos adec... more Los datos ausentes son comunes en las evaluaciones educacionales. Por ello el uso de métodos adecuados se hace fundamental para reducir el impacto de la pérdida de información. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el desempeño de cuatro métodos de tratamientos de datos ausentes (imputación por el promedio, listwise deletion, máxima verosimilitud e imputación múltiple), en base al uso de modelos de regresión aplicados a los datos de la evaluación educacional realizada en el estado de Ceará. Se utilizaron informaciones de 7.000 estudiantes, simulando diversos escenarios de acuerdo al porcentual y al tipo de ausencia. La imputación por el promedio presentó el peor desempeño en todos los escenarios simulados y los demás métodos mostraron resultados similares entre ellos. También se verificó que el uso de variables auxiliares en la estimación por máxima verosimilitud e imputación múltiple redujo el sesgo de las estimaciones de parámetros importantes del modelo cuando la ausencia simulada no se debe a la casualidad.
Avaliaçao Psicologica: Interamerican Journal of Psychological Assessment, Jul 10, 2016
Este estudo objetivou obter evidências de validade do Questionário de Esquemas e Crenças da Perso... more Este estudo objetivou obter evidências de validade do Questionário de Esquemas e Crenças da Personalidade (QECP) e estimar a fidedignidade dos escores. Trata-se de um instrumento de autorrelato desenvolvido para avaliar perfis cognitivos de transtornos de personalidade de acordo com a teoria da terapia cognitiva. Participaram do estudo 437 pessoas com média de idade de 28,1 anos (DP=8,57), 75,7% do sexo feminino, e 88,3% universitários. Utilizou-se análise paralela como critério para o número de fatores a extrair-se na análise fatorial exploratória (AFE). A AFE com fatoração dos eixos principais e rotação Promax indicou uma solução com cinco fatores. Os índices de fidedignidade (Lambda 2 de Guttman) variaram entre 0,64 e 0,89. As correlações entre os fatores, corrigidas para atenuação, variaram entre 0,05 e 0,64. A AFE dos escores fatoriais apontou dois fatores de segunda ordem. Os resultados indicaram evidências satisfatórias de validade de construto e fidedignidade dos escores. Palavras-chave: personalidade, distúrbios da personalidade, terapia cognitivo-comportamental, esquemas cognitivos, crenças. ABSTRACT-Factor structure of the Personality Schemas and Beliefs Questionnaire This study aimed to obtain validity evidence of the Personality Schemas and Beliefs Questionnaire (QECP) and to estimate the reliability of its scores. The QECP is a self-reported instrument developed to assess the cognitive profiles of personality disorders according to cognitive therapy theory. The sample of respondents was composed of 437 Brazilians with a mean age of 28.1 years (SD=8.57), 75.7% female and 88.3% university students. Parallel analysis was used as a criterion for the number of factors to extract in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA with Principal Axis Factoring and Promax rotation indicated a five factor solution. Reliability coefficients (Guttman's Lambda 2) of the five factors varied between .64 and .89. The correlations between the factors, corrected for attenuation, varied from .05 to .64. EFA of the factor scores indicated two second-order factors. The results indicated satisfactory evidence of construct validity and reliability of the QECP scores.
Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas essenciais no diagnóstico da deficiência intele... more Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas essenciais no diagnóstico da deficiência intelectual. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a adequação do teste não verbal de inteligência SON-R 6-40 para pessoas com deficiência intelectual. O SON-R 6-40 consiste de quatro subtestes: Categorias e Situações (subtestes de raciocínio) e Mosaicos e Padrões (subtestes de execução). O teste foi administrado em 50 pessoas com o diagnóstico de deficiência intelectual. A média de QI para esse grupo foi de 73 (DP = 2,1). A análise fatorial exploratória indicou dois fatores, o primeiro constituído dos subtestes de raciocínio e o segundo dos subtestes de execução. A média dos escores dos homens no fator de execução foi significativamente maior do que a média dos escores para as mulheres (p < 0,01; d de Cohen = 0,58). Os resultados obtidos dão suporte aos estudos prévios do SON-R 6-40 e sugerem a adequação do teste para pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Palavras-chave: deficiência intelectual; teste não verbal de inteligência; SON-R 6-40; testes SON; psicometria.
The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from th... more The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from the nondecomposable measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974). More specifically, we aim to: (i) present the theoretical basis of the Rasch model and its relations to psychophysics' models of utility; (ii) give a brief exposition on the measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974; 1975), some of which do not require an additive structure; and (iii) derive IRT models from these measurement theories, as well as Bayesian implementations of these models. We also present two empirical examples to compare how well these IRT models fit to real data. Despite our main concern being the derivation of new IRT models that can be used to generate fundamental measures of the respondents' true scores that not depend on additive structures, theoretical interpretations of the models are also discussed. The manuscript ends with prospects for future studies and practical implications.
Previous studies about family identified two interacting dimensions between parents and children:... more Previous studies about family identified two interacting dimensions between parents and children: the parenting styles and the parenting practices. The parenting practices refer to the parenting behavior, of specific contents, that aims for the child and adolescent socialization. In a broad view, the parenting styles refer to the global characteristics of interactions between parents and child, which generate emotional environment. On basis of this emotional environment parenting behavior is expressed. The parenting styles, therefore, comprise the parenting practices and other aspects of parent-child interaction, such as voice tone, body language and attention (Baumrind, 1966; Cecconello et Family is considered the primary environment where the child participates and also represents an important mediation role among the primary contact of the child with the world. In this context, current researches have been emphasizing family and its influence in the normal, pathological, social, emotional and cognitive development of a child and
The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from th... more The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from the nondecomposable measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974). More specifically, we aim to: (i) present the theoretical basis of the Rasch model and its relations to psychophysics' models of utility; (ii) give a brief exposition on the measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974; 1975), some of which do not require an additive structure; and (iii) derive IRT models from these measurement theories, as well as Bayesian implementations of these models. We also present two empirical examples to compare how well these IRT models fit to real data. Despite our main concern being the derivation of new IRT models that can be used to generate fundamental measures of the respondents' true scores that not depend on additive structures, theoretical interpretations of the models are also discussed. The manuscript ends with prospects for future studies and practical implications.
Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, Dec 1, 2017
Introduction: Socioeconomic and demographic diversity in the educational environment and the deve... more Introduction: Socioeconomic and demographic diversity in the educational environment and the development of professional attitudes enhance the quality of health care delivery. Despite the importance of diversity for equity and accessibility to health care, its repercussions for students' attitudinal learning have not been adequately evaluated. Purpose: Evaluate the influence of academic sociodemographic diversity and curricular organization in the development of professional attitudes in different phases of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Method: In 2012, the attitudinal performance of 310 socioeconomically diverse medical students was evaluated by the administration of a five-point professional attitudes scale. The participants were at different points in their education at a Brazilian public school of medicine in Brasília, Federal District. The scale comprised 6 factors: communication, ethics, professional excellence, self-assessment, beliefs, social determinants; and a general factor called medical professionalism and was validated for the purpose of this research. The reliability coefficients (aCronbach) ranged from 0.65 to 0.87, according to different scale dimensions. Student diversity was analyzed according to differences in gender, age, religious affiliation, system of student selection and socioeconomic background. Results: The authors observed a decline in the mean attitude scores during the clinical phase compared to the preclinical phase of the curriculum. Female students displayed more positive attitudes than male students, and the students who declared a religious affiliation recorded higher attitude scores compared to those who declared themselves atheist, agnostic or non-religious. There was no correlation between family income or the system of student selection and the students' attitude scores. The students who had attended public schools expressed a greater interest in working in the public health system compared to the other students. Age and marital status had no relevant effect on attitude scores. Conclusions: The attitude scores of medical students declined as the curriculum progressed. Female students had more positive attitudes than male students. Religious affiliation appeared to positively influence the observed attitude scores.
Sistema de avaliação: às cegas por pares (double blind review). Universidade Presbiteriana Macken... more Sistema de avaliação: às cegas por pares (double blind review). Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie.
Resumo A competição, a cobrança social e pessoal e a possibilidade de fracasso são alguns dos fat... more Resumo A competição, a cobrança social e pessoal e a possibilidade de fracasso são alguns dos fatores que podem tornar a situação de prova um evento estressante e gerador de ansiedade. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetivou disponibilizar para o Brasil dois instrumentos de avaliação da ansiedade em situações de testagem e demonstrar evidências de validade dessas escalas. Participaram do estudo 1.878 estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas e particulares de Brasília. Dois instrumentos de ansiedade foram desenvolvidos: um que busca medir quatro dimensões de ansiedade, o Inventário de Ansiedade frente a Provas (IAP), e o Inventário de Ansiedade Internamente e Externamente Causada (IAIEC). Verificou-se que os instrumentos têm adequadas estruturas fatoriais e boa consistência interna. Ademais, análises de correlação com outros instrumentos de ansiedade indicaram evidências de validade convergente adequada com correlações entre 0,31 e 0,72. As implicações do estudo são notáveis no âmbito clínico, social e acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Ansiedade, Situações de prova, Desempenho, Testes de seleção.
Avaliaçao Psicologica: Interamerican Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2015
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo que relacione as condições para a cria... more RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo que relacione as condições para a criatividade no trabalho e a satisfação com o trabalho utilizando a técnica de Modelagem por Equações Estruturais. Participaram 367 pesquisadores de uma empresa pública com idade média de 45,8 anos (DP=9,8), sendo 62,1% homens. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos: Indicadores de Condições para Criar no Trabalho (ICCAT) e a versão reduzida da Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho (EST). Incialmente, os modelos de mensuração das escalas foram verificados. Depois de algumas modificações, os modelos demonstraram bons ajustes aos dados observados. Em seguida, foi avaliado o modelo estrutural integral da relação entre condições para a criatividade e satisfação no trabalho. Os índices de ajuste mostraram que o modelo se ajusta bem aos dados. Os resultados indicaram uma forte relação entre condições favoráveis à criatividade e satisfação no trabalho. Palavras-chave: criatividade; satisfação no trabalho; modelagem por equações estruturais. ABSTRACT-The relation between conditions for creativity and job satisfaction of researchers The purpose of this study was to develop a model relating conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction using Structural Equation Modeling. The sample data analyzed comprised of 367 researchers with a mean age of 45.8 years (SD=9.8), 62.1% being male, from a public company in Brazil. Two instruments were applied: Indicators of Conditions to Create at Work and the reduced version of the Scale of Job Satisfaction. Initially, the measurement models of the scales were analyzed. After modifications these models showed a good fit to the observed data. Subsequently, the full structural model of the relationship between conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction was assessed. The fit indexes showed that the full model fits the observed data well. The results indicated a strong relationship between favorable conditions for creativity and job satisfaction.
Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas valiosas no diagnóstico da deficiência intelect... more Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas valiosas no diagnóstico da deficiência intelectual. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a investigação das propriedades psicométricas do SON-R 6-40 aplicado em pessoas com deficiência intelectual. O SON-R 6-40 consiste de quatro subtestes: Analogias e Categorias (subtestes de raciocínio) e Mosaicos e Padrões (subtestes de execução). O teste foi administrado em 50 pessoas com o diagnóstico de deficiência intelectual, cuja média de QI foi de 70 (DP = 2,1). A análise fatorial exploratória indicou dois fatores: o primeiro constituído por subtestes de raciocínio e o segundo, por subtestes de execução. A média dos escores dos homens no fator de execução foi significativamente maior do que a média dos escores para as mulheres (p < 0,01; d de Cohen = 0,58). Os resultados obtidos dão suporte aos estudos prévios com o SON-R 6-40 e sugerem a adequação psicométrica dos escores do teste para o grupo avaliado.
Chair: Nadine Schuchart Overview: Living in a world of increasing cultural diversity both across ... more Chair: Nadine Schuchart Overview: Living in a world of increasing cultural diversity both across and with nations demonstrates daily the necessity of developing multilingual, nonverbal and adaptive psychological tests with high standards. In particular, this need also appears in the area of measuring developmental and intelligent functions of children and young people. Two different test designs were developed to meet these demands. On the one hand the SON-R: a nonverbal intelligence test which can be applied across cultures and nations as it is designed to be applied without the use of verbal or written instruction. And on the other hand the IDS: a highly differentiating test battery assessing developmental and cognitive functions. To meet the unique cultural differences the IDS are offered in different languages and item adaptations to meet differences in culture and language. Indeed the first paper in this symposium lights up the specifics of three different versions of the nonverbal intelligence test SON-R (2½-7, 2½-7a, and 6-40). The second paper gives an overview of assessing cognitive and developmental functions across childhood with the IDS. Moreover highlights of the newest development named IDS-2 are presented. The third paper considers clinical applications of the IDS and shows possible directions of IDS development in the future. The final paper tells the story in which way the IDS became successful on the Polish market based on a survey among Polish school psychologists. ***** Paper 1: Assessing cognitive abilities of children and adolescents with SON-R intelligence tests Jaap A. Laros Introduction: The first version of the SON test (Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal intelligence test) was intended for the intelligence assessment of deaf children in terms of learning ability and the extent to which children can profit from instruction at school. Objectives Purpose of this presentation is to show the general structure and specifics of three SON-R versions. Design and Conclusions: At the moment, there are three versions: (1) the SON-R 2½-7, for children between 2½ and 7 years, (2) the SON-R 2½-7[a], the abbreviated version of SON-R 2½-7, and (3) the SON-R 6-40 for people between 6 and 40 years. The SON tests are especially suited for the intelligence assessment of children with hearing-, speech- and language problems. The SON tests differ in several essential aspects from traditional tests of intelligence: the examinees do not need any specific language abilities; an adaptive testing procedure is used during the presentation of the items, and after each item feedback is given, which gives the examinee the opportunity to learn during the test administration. Another aspect refers to the procedure of determining the norm scores. For each SON test a mathematical model is elaborated where the score distributions for all age groups are fitted simultaneously as a continuous function of age. This way the norms can be based on the exact age of examinees, which is especially important in the age range from two to seven years during which the test performance improves very strongly. The SON-tests are used in various countries, like Germany, France, England, The Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Romania, China and Brazil. The research results with the various SON tests indicate that they are useful instruments for the nonverbal examination of the cognitive ability of children and adolescents with high score reliability and ample indications of the score validity. Paper 2: IDS and IDS-2: Overview, Goals and newest Developments Alexander Grob Introduction: The Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS) have their roots in a complete reconception of the Kramer Intelligence Test, which in turn directly refers to the Binet-Simon Test. The IDS bridge intelligence and developmental testing: They include a measure of general intelligence and additionally provide a developmental profile for the functional areas of Cognition, Psycho-Motor Skills, Social-Emotional Competences, Mathematics, Language, and Achievement Motivation. Objectives: The aim of the presentation is to show the general structure of the IDS and newest developments of the IDS-2. Design and Conclusion: The IDS allow detecting early developmental abnormalities and serve as an instrument for health care. The IDS can be applied for the complete range of developmental and achievement assessments, for school enrolment as well as for the clinical domain. The standardization sample includes 1.330 children in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Construct validity for age trends, subscaleintercorrelations, and factor structure were tested. Moreover, checks for criterion validity were done through comparisons with HAWIK-IV (German version of the WISC-IV), scholastic achievement tests, and parent’s and teacher’s reports. Differential validity is shown for gifted children, learning-disabled children, children of foreign-language, children with…
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), May 1, 2021
Los datos ausentes son comunes en las evaluaciones educacionales. Por ello el uso de métodos adec... more Los datos ausentes son comunes en las evaluaciones educacionales. Por ello el uso de métodos adecuados se hace fundamental para reducir el impacto de la pérdida de información. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el desempeño de cuatro métodos de tratamientos de datos ausentes (imputación por el promedio, listwise deletion, máxima verosimilitud e imputación múltiple), en base al uso de modelos de regresión aplicados a los datos de la evaluación educacional realizada en el estado de Ceará. Se utilizaron informaciones de 7.000 estudiantes, simulando diversos escenarios de acuerdo al porcentual y al tipo de ausencia. La imputación por el promedio presentó el peor desempeño en todos los escenarios simulados y los demás métodos mostraron resultados similares entre ellos. También se verificó que el uso de variables auxiliares en la estimación por máxima verosimilitud e imputación múltiple redujo el sesgo de las estimaciones de parámetros importantes del modelo cuando la ausencia simulada no se debe a la casualidad.
Avaliaçao Psicologica: Interamerican Journal of Psychological Assessment, Jul 10, 2016
Este estudo objetivou obter evidências de validade do Questionário de Esquemas e Crenças da Perso... more Este estudo objetivou obter evidências de validade do Questionário de Esquemas e Crenças da Personalidade (QECP) e estimar a fidedignidade dos escores. Trata-se de um instrumento de autorrelato desenvolvido para avaliar perfis cognitivos de transtornos de personalidade de acordo com a teoria da terapia cognitiva. Participaram do estudo 437 pessoas com média de idade de 28,1 anos (DP=8,57), 75,7% do sexo feminino, e 88,3% universitários. Utilizou-se análise paralela como critério para o número de fatores a extrair-se na análise fatorial exploratória (AFE). A AFE com fatoração dos eixos principais e rotação Promax indicou uma solução com cinco fatores. Os índices de fidedignidade (Lambda 2 de Guttman) variaram entre 0,64 e 0,89. As correlações entre os fatores, corrigidas para atenuação, variaram entre 0,05 e 0,64. A AFE dos escores fatoriais apontou dois fatores de segunda ordem. Os resultados indicaram evidências satisfatórias de validade de construto e fidedignidade dos escores. Palavras-chave: personalidade, distúrbios da personalidade, terapia cognitivo-comportamental, esquemas cognitivos, crenças. ABSTRACT-Factor structure of the Personality Schemas and Beliefs Questionnaire This study aimed to obtain validity evidence of the Personality Schemas and Beliefs Questionnaire (QECP) and to estimate the reliability of its scores. The QECP is a self-reported instrument developed to assess the cognitive profiles of personality disorders according to cognitive therapy theory. The sample of respondents was composed of 437 Brazilians with a mean age of 28.1 years (SD=8.57), 75.7% female and 88.3% university students. Parallel analysis was used as a criterion for the number of factors to extract in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA with Principal Axis Factoring and Promax rotation indicated a five factor solution. Reliability coefficients (Guttman's Lambda 2) of the five factors varied between .64 and .89. The correlations between the factors, corrected for attenuation, varied from .05 to .64. EFA of the factor scores indicated two second-order factors. The results indicated satisfactory evidence of construct validity and reliability of the QECP scores.
Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas essenciais no diagnóstico da deficiência intele... more Resumo: Os testes de inteligência são ferramentas essenciais no diagnóstico da deficiência intelectual. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a adequação do teste não verbal de inteligência SON-R 6-40 para pessoas com deficiência intelectual. O SON-R 6-40 consiste de quatro subtestes: Categorias e Situações (subtestes de raciocínio) e Mosaicos e Padrões (subtestes de execução). O teste foi administrado em 50 pessoas com o diagnóstico de deficiência intelectual. A média de QI para esse grupo foi de 73 (DP = 2,1). A análise fatorial exploratória indicou dois fatores, o primeiro constituído dos subtestes de raciocínio e o segundo dos subtestes de execução. A média dos escores dos homens no fator de execução foi significativamente maior do que a média dos escores para as mulheres (p < 0,01; d de Cohen = 0,58). Os resultados obtidos dão suporte aos estudos prévios do SON-R 6-40 e sugerem a adequação do teste para pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Palavras-chave: deficiência intelectual; teste não verbal de inteligência; SON-R 6-40; testes SON; psicometria.
The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from th... more The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from the nondecomposable measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974). More specifically, we aim to: (i) present the theoretical basis of the Rasch model and its relations to psychophysics' models of utility; (ii) give a brief exposition on the measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974; 1975), some of which do not require an additive structure; and (iii) derive IRT models from these measurement theories, as well as Bayesian implementations of these models. We also present two empirical examples to compare how well these IRT models fit to real data. Despite our main concern being the derivation of new IRT models that can be used to generate fundamental measures of the respondents' true scores that not depend on additive structures, theoretical interpretations of the models are also discussed. The manuscript ends with prospects for future studies and practical implications.
Previous studies about family identified two interacting dimensions between parents and children:... more Previous studies about family identified two interacting dimensions between parents and children: the parenting styles and the parenting practices. The parenting practices refer to the parenting behavior, of specific contents, that aims for the child and adolescent socialization. In a broad view, the parenting styles refer to the global characteristics of interactions between parents and child, which generate emotional environment. On basis of this emotional environment parenting behavior is expressed. The parenting styles, therefore, comprise the parenting practices and other aspects of parent-child interaction, such as voice tone, body language and attention (Baumrind, 1966; Cecconello et Family is considered the primary environment where the child participates and also represents an important mediation role among the primary contact of the child with the world. In this context, current researches have been emphasizing family and its influence in the normal, pathological, social, emotional and cognitive development of a child and
The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from th... more The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from the nondecomposable measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974). More specifically, we aim to: (i) present the theoretical basis of the Rasch model and its relations to psychophysics' models of utility; (ii) give a brief exposition on the measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974; 1975), some of which do not require an additive structure; and (iii) derive IRT models from these measurement theories, as well as Bayesian implementations of these models. We also present two empirical examples to compare how well these IRT models fit to real data. Despite our main concern being the derivation of new IRT models that can be used to generate fundamental measures of the respondents' true scores that not depend on additive structures, theoretical interpretations of the models are also discussed. The manuscript ends with prospects for future studies and practical implications.
Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, Dec 1, 2017
Introduction: Socioeconomic and demographic diversity in the educational environment and the deve... more Introduction: Socioeconomic and demographic diversity in the educational environment and the development of professional attitudes enhance the quality of health care delivery. Despite the importance of diversity for equity and accessibility to health care, its repercussions for students' attitudinal learning have not been adequately evaluated. Purpose: Evaluate the influence of academic sociodemographic diversity and curricular organization in the development of professional attitudes in different phases of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Method: In 2012, the attitudinal performance of 310 socioeconomically diverse medical students was evaluated by the administration of a five-point professional attitudes scale. The participants were at different points in their education at a Brazilian public school of medicine in Brasília, Federal District. The scale comprised 6 factors: communication, ethics, professional excellence, self-assessment, beliefs, social determinants; and a general factor called medical professionalism and was validated for the purpose of this research. The reliability coefficients (aCronbach) ranged from 0.65 to 0.87, according to different scale dimensions. Student diversity was analyzed according to differences in gender, age, religious affiliation, system of student selection and socioeconomic background. Results: The authors observed a decline in the mean attitude scores during the clinical phase compared to the preclinical phase of the curriculum. Female students displayed more positive attitudes than male students, and the students who declared a religious affiliation recorded higher attitude scores compared to those who declared themselves atheist, agnostic or non-religious. There was no correlation between family income or the system of student selection and the students' attitude scores. The students who had attended public schools expressed a greater interest in working in the public health system compared to the other students. Age and marital status had no relevant effect on attitude scores. Conclusions: The attitude scores of medical students declined as the curriculum progressed. Female students had more positive attitudes than male students. Religious affiliation appeared to positively influence the observed attitude scores.
Sistema de avaliação: às cegas por pares (double blind review). Universidade Presbiteriana Macken... more Sistema de avaliação: às cegas por pares (double blind review). Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie.
Resumo A competição, a cobrança social e pessoal e a possibilidade de fracasso são alguns dos fat... more Resumo A competição, a cobrança social e pessoal e a possibilidade de fracasso são alguns dos fatores que podem tornar a situação de prova um evento estressante e gerador de ansiedade. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetivou disponibilizar para o Brasil dois instrumentos de avaliação da ansiedade em situações de testagem e demonstrar evidências de validade dessas escalas. Participaram do estudo 1.878 estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas e particulares de Brasília. Dois instrumentos de ansiedade foram desenvolvidos: um que busca medir quatro dimensões de ansiedade, o Inventário de Ansiedade frente a Provas (IAP), e o Inventário de Ansiedade Internamente e Externamente Causada (IAIEC). Verificou-se que os instrumentos têm adequadas estruturas fatoriais e boa consistência interna. Ademais, análises de correlação com outros instrumentos de ansiedade indicaram evidências de validade convergente adequada com correlações entre 0,31 e 0,72. As implicações do estudo são notáveis no âmbito clínico, social e acadêmico. Palavras-chave: Ansiedade, Situações de prova, Desempenho, Testes de seleção.
Uploads
Papers by Jacob A. Laros