Brazil—Japan Cooperation: From Complementarity to Shared Value, 2022
Both Brazil and Japan have been active in global environmental governance, have signed important ... more Both Brazil and Japan have been active in global environmental governance, have signed important multilateral environmental agreements, and both have committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The two countries have been historical partners in development cooperation/assistance since 1959. Starting with a broad concept of development cooperation (assistance), this study aims at assessing the contributions and impacts of this specific type of cooperative relationship between the two countries. Using a global environmental governance analytical framework, the research assesses the Japanese official development assistance (ODA) and interrogates its contribution to and impacts on environmental protection and sustainable development in Brazil. Through literature review, document analysis, and interviews, we identify development cooperation programs and projects implemented in the period of 1981–2020 and present two cases, one in the Cerrado (PRODECER) and the other in the Amazon (SAF—Tomé-Açu), to analyze how global environmental commitments guide (or not) the provision of ODA. Such analysis is relevant to understanding global trends of environmental governance at the subnational and local levels. We argue that the environmental dimension has been incorporated into ODA projects, according to global commitments. However, more must be achieved to meet global environmental challenges.
1 2 3 4 IUCN Category VI areas cover a large share (23%) of protected areas. Even so, this catego... more 1 2 3 4 IUCN Category VI areas cover a large share (23%) of protected areas. Even so, this category is short on management guidelines and has been criticized in terms of its effectiveness for conservation 3 .This is also the case in Brazil.
Global climate change is one of the most pressing scientific and political contemporary challenge... more Global climate change is one of the most pressing scientific and political contemporary challenges (Bulkeley and Newell 2010). Governance of climate change is part of a multilayered process, that encompasses modern forms of steering that are often decentralized, open to self-organization and less hierarchical than traditional governmental policymaking (Biermann et al. 2009). As such it involves multiple actors, scales and dynamics from global to local levels, whose actions combine to respond to climate change. Amazonian municipalities of Brazil are involved in global climate governance. This article identifies two different dynamics, which are complementary, and have some areas of intertwinement. The first dynamic is linked to the national policy to control deforestation. The federal government started to publish lists of the municipalities with highest deforestation rates, a " name and shame " strategy that has forced many of them to react. As a result many multilevel arrangements evolved with municipalities, the federal government, international cooperation agencies, and NGOs to help the municipal governments to meet the conditions to be out of the list. The second dynamic can be characterized by the initiatives taken by municipalities to get involved in the international negotiation processes focusing on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation rev. Bras. Polít. int. 55 (special edition): 170-189 [2012] * Professor of International Relations at the University of Brasília ([email protected]).
ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study ... more ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.
ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study ... more ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.
A violência sexual assume contornos específicos no ambiente universitário, com características qu... more A violência sexual assume contornos específicos no ambiente universitário, com características que dificultam sua percepção e enfrentamento. Uma vez que o ingresso no ambiente universitário representa não apenas a perspectiva de formação acadêmica, mas principalmente o acesso a direitos básicos, a violência sexual representa mais do que uma violação de direitos, configurando-se como um obstáculo ao pleno exercício da cidadania. Com a crescente tendência de comunidades universitárias fomentarem as denúncias e apoiarem as vítimas, exigindo intervenções, ações institucionais vêm sendo tomadas, a exemplo da CPI das Universidades e da criação da Rede Quem Cala Consente, na Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Esta revisão bibliográfica objetivou reunir estudos cujo intuito seja mapear o cenário de violência sexual em universidades brasileiras, para levantar que tipo de contribuições ao enfrentamento da violência a academia tem fornecido, comparando-os, em seguida, àqueles relacionado à violência de gênero e aos estudos internacionais sobre violência sexual universitária. Palavras-chave: violência sexual; violência de gênero; mulheres universitárias; direitos humanos; educação Abstract: Sexual violence in the universities context acquires specific characteristics which turn even more difficult to perceive and confront aggressions. Since university attendance is more than a perspective for academic education, representing basic human rights access, sexual violence typify an obstacle to full exercise of citizenship rather than just an individual violation. Seeing that university students have been gathering to promote denunciation, support victims and demand for interventions, institutional actions-as the designated commission of parliamentarians that investigated human rights violations in São Paulo and the network Rede Quem Cala Consente, at Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-are now ongoing. This review aimed to gather studies whose purpose was to map the sexual violence scenario at Brazilian universities, so we could detect in which ways academy has been contributing to sexual violence confrontation, and compare them to international studies on the same topic as well as to studies on gender violence.
O objetivo deste artigo é propor um marco analítico provisório do processo de governança global d... more O objetivo deste artigo é propor um marco analítico provisório do processo de governança global do clima. Busca-se um instrumento para descrever e analisar uma realidade, em construção, bem como uma perspectiva que possa contribuir na procura de respostas eficientes, cooperativas, sustentáveis e justas à mudança do clima. Alguns estudiosos têm argumentado a favor de uma perspectiva de análise centrada na noção de governança do clima, ao invés do conceito de regime internacional. Isso se deve a três limites relacionados ao conceito de regimes internacionais 2 : o status proeminente do estado-nação, a sua natureza definida como unitária (caixa-preta) e a diferenciação e forte demarcação como duas arenas políticas separadas: a doméstica e a internacional. Outros consideram que regimes internacionais são subsistemas de governança. Este artigo argumenta que a noção de governança é mais ampla e por isso compreende mais dimensões do fenômeno. Não existe, no entanto, uma definição consensual de governança global, tampouco de governança climática. Propõe-se aprofundar a discussão conceitual sobre governança climática, enquanto uma problemática multidimensional, que interliga economia-política, segurança, meio ambiente e energia e que engloba múltiplas escalas, níveis e atores. Palavras-chave: Governança global do clima, mudança do clima, regimes internacionais, limites planetários.
Solid waste has been growing at an exponential rate because of unsustainable production and consu... more Solid waste has been growing at an exponential rate because of unsustainable production and consumption patterns. For that reason, it is considered a global issue both in the international political economy perspective and in local and global governance, with multiple actors and levels of analysis, highlighting waste pickers as relevant actors.
(UFGD) 4 RESUMO: Muitas lutas socioambientais ao redor do mundo abraçam esforços em prol da prote... more (UFGD) 4 RESUMO: Muitas lutas socioambientais ao redor do mundo abraçam esforços em prol da proteção contra o desaparecimento de outros "mundos". Ao lado da diversidade biológica, encontram-se ameaçadas as línguas, as tradições, os conhecimentos humanos, assim como as relações íntimas entre povos e suas terras, por várias formas de colonização, expansão do capital, ou simplesmente a globalização de estilos de viver. Estudiosos das relações internacionais começaram a despertar para o entendimento de que o mundo é composto por muitos mundos, e que essa diversidade se encontra ameaçada por fortes pressões. Este esforço tem sido essencial para a compreensão da luta em prol da manutenção desses muitos mundos em um único Planeta Terra. No entanto, esses estudos ainda não penetraram por completo os estudos de Política Ambiental Global (PAG). Este artigo expande essa sensibilidade e esforço acadêmico à PAG, ao dialogar com formas indígenas de conhecer. Defende-se que as lutas indígenas são lutas pela sobrevivência de muitos mundos em um único planeta e que há o que se aprender disso. Não se busca generalizar o conhecimento indígena, mas sim lançar uma chamada ao engajamento. Por meio da Escuta e da Fala Criativas, uma metodologia da abordagem dos muitos mundos, este artigo põe em foco o mundo-floresta dos Yanomami e apresenta algumas perspectivas para ilustrar como ontologias relacionais e histórias de divindades dialógicas e não hierárquicas, constroem formas de conhecer e de ser a partir das quais podemos aprender a nos relacionar com o Planeta Terra em pé de igualdade. 1 N.T. Originalmente publicado em inglês com título "Worlding the Study of Global Environmental Politics in the Anthropocene: Indigenous Voices from the Amazon", na revista Global Environmental Politics v. 18, n. 4, 2018, p. 25-42. A Revista Monções agradece à MIT Press pela permissão concedida para publicar esta tradução. 2 Reconheço e expresso meus sinceros agradecimentos a Michele Betsill, Jonathan Gamu, Peter Jacques, Kate O'Neill, Dimitris Stevis, Paul Wapner e, finalmente, aos quatro revisores anônimos e aos editores do GEP por sugestões, comentários, edições e orientação. Agradeço também ao
This article proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the potentialities and limits for private... more This article proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the potentialities and limits for private sector participation in the Agenda 2030. The framework consists of two categories: corporate awareness for development and active partnership for development. The first deals with the introduction of corporate sustainable responsible practices or business strategies based on development concerns. The second contemplates the roles of resource provider, executor or beneficiary of development cooperation initiatives in the context of the Agenda 2030. In addition, this article proposes financial mechanisms that could promote private sector engagement. In sequence, this article provides an analysis and examples of the current participation of companies in the Agenda 2030 based on the analytical framework.
This paper analyzes an experience of service learning which was initiated in 2007 by internationa... more This paper analyzes an experience of service learning which was initiated in 2007 by international relations students at the University of Brasília. It started in the course "Civil Society and World Politics", which focused on the roles of civil society in global governance.
Many socioenvironmental struggles around the globe involve trying to protect the disappearance of... more Many socioenvironmental struggles around the globe involve trying to protect the disappearance of other "worlds." Along with biological diversity, human languages, traditions, understandings, and the intimate relationships between peoples and their lands are under attack through various forms of colonization, capital expansion, or simply the globalization of lifeways. Scholars of international relations have recently come to appreciate that the world is made up of many worlds, and that great pressures threaten to reduce its diversity. This work has been essential for understanding the struggle of maintaining many worlds on a single Earth. Such scholarship has yet to penetrate fully studies of global environmental politics (GEP). This article extends such sensitivity and scholarly effort to GEP by dialoguing with Indigenous ways of knowing. It argues that Indigenous struggles are struggles for the survival of many worlds on one planet and that we could learn from this. The intention is not to generalize Indigenous knowledge but rather to make a call for engagement. Through Creative Listening and Speaking, a worldist methodology, the article focuses on the Yanomami's forest-world and presents a few perspectives to illustrate how relational ontologies, stories of nonhierarchical and dialogical divinities, make ways of knowing and being from which we could learn how to relate to the Earth as equals. Ursula K. Le Guin's novel The Word for World Is Forest tells the story of natives living on Athshe, a planet made up of thick forests and far from Earth, witnessing the destruction of their land and way of life. The novel describes how the Terrans, future humans, have traveled to Athshe to cut down the planet's trees (sending them back to Earth) and to prepare the land for future Terran colonizers. Two Athsheans talk about the sanity of the Terrans: "A people can't be insane."
International Organisations Research Journal, 2010
In keeping with its surging economic growth and regional influence, South Africa has become an em... more In keeping with its surging economic growth and regional influence, South Africa has become an emerging donor that is increasingly involved in Africa as a development partner-largely via peacekeeping, post-conflict reconstruction, and research for development. South Africa's apartheid-era development assistance program, which sought to buy a measure of respect for the country, has been transformed by the advent of democratic rule in 1994 into an instrument to advance the so-called African Renaissance. South Africa has tried to avoid following traditional North-South donor hierarchies by fostering cooperative engagement with its African partners. Development assistance is still a recent innovation embedded within the broad framework of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and the vision of an African Renaissance. As such, South Africa has no centralized agency to manage the country's burgeoning development assistance programs. Assistance is provided through the African Renaissance Fund of the Department of Foreign Affairs; a variety of government departments [especially Defence, Education, South African Police Services (under the Department of Safety and Security), Foreign Affairs, Minerals and Energy, and Trade and Industry]; and parastatals, government agencies, and other statutory bodies. South Africa has no systematic database to track the country's development assistance, no separate financial reporting lines for development projects, no overall government strategy to direct aid, and no generic operating guidelines (outside of the African Renaissance Fund) to facilitate the overall provision of aid. However, suggestions have been made recently by the ruling African National Congress to create a South African International Development Agency (SAIDA), which would be located within the Department of Foreign Affairs. Inspired by the idea of African Renaissance, South Africa's development assistance is directed almost entirely toward other African nations, and focuses on general improvements in governance, and on local priorities such as conflict prevention, resolution, and remediation. Within Africa itself, the bulk of South African's development assistance (some 70 percent) is focused on South African Development Community member states. Implicitly, security concerns are a priority and peacekeeping is a key element of South Africa's assistance efforts. Development assistance activities for 2006 amount to between US$363 million and US$475 million, or 0.18 percent of GDP. The Department of Defence (55 percent) and the Department of Education (36 percent) accounted for the bulk of these expenditures. Assistance is not formally tied; however, most projects rely on South African inputs (skilled labour and technology), which form integral parts of project activities.
Brazil—Japan Cooperation: From Complementarity to Shared Value, 2022
Both Brazil and Japan have been active in global environmental governance, have signed important ... more Both Brazil and Japan have been active in global environmental governance, have signed important multilateral environmental agreements, and both have committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The two countries have been historical partners in development cooperation/assistance since 1959. Starting with a broad concept of development cooperation (assistance), this study aims at assessing the contributions and impacts of this specific type of cooperative relationship between the two countries. Using a global environmental governance analytical framework, the research assesses the Japanese official development assistance (ODA) and interrogates its contribution to and impacts on environmental protection and sustainable development in Brazil. Through literature review, document analysis, and interviews, we identify development cooperation programs and projects implemented in the period of 1981–2020 and present two cases, one in the Cerrado (PRODECER) and the other in the Amazon (SAF—Tomé-Açu), to analyze how global environmental commitments guide (or not) the provision of ODA. Such analysis is relevant to understanding global trends of environmental governance at the subnational and local levels. We argue that the environmental dimension has been incorporated into ODA projects, according to global commitments. However, more must be achieved to meet global environmental challenges.
1 2 3 4 IUCN Category VI areas cover a large share (23%) of protected areas. Even so, this catego... more 1 2 3 4 IUCN Category VI areas cover a large share (23%) of protected areas. Even so, this category is short on management guidelines and has been criticized in terms of its effectiveness for conservation 3 .This is also the case in Brazil.
Global climate change is one of the most pressing scientific and political contemporary challenge... more Global climate change is one of the most pressing scientific and political contemporary challenges (Bulkeley and Newell 2010). Governance of climate change is part of a multilayered process, that encompasses modern forms of steering that are often decentralized, open to self-organization and less hierarchical than traditional governmental policymaking (Biermann et al. 2009). As such it involves multiple actors, scales and dynamics from global to local levels, whose actions combine to respond to climate change. Amazonian municipalities of Brazil are involved in global climate governance. This article identifies two different dynamics, which are complementary, and have some areas of intertwinement. The first dynamic is linked to the national policy to control deforestation. The federal government started to publish lists of the municipalities with highest deforestation rates, a " name and shame " strategy that has forced many of them to react. As a result many multilevel arrangements evolved with municipalities, the federal government, international cooperation agencies, and NGOs to help the municipal governments to meet the conditions to be out of the list. The second dynamic can be characterized by the initiatives taken by municipalities to get involved in the international negotiation processes focusing on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation rev. Bras. Polít. int. 55 (special edition): 170-189 [2012] * Professor of International Relations at the University of Brasília ([email protected]).
ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study ... more ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.
ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study ... more ABSTRACT
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.
A violência sexual assume contornos específicos no ambiente universitário, com características qu... more A violência sexual assume contornos específicos no ambiente universitário, com características que dificultam sua percepção e enfrentamento. Uma vez que o ingresso no ambiente universitário representa não apenas a perspectiva de formação acadêmica, mas principalmente o acesso a direitos básicos, a violência sexual representa mais do que uma violação de direitos, configurando-se como um obstáculo ao pleno exercício da cidadania. Com a crescente tendência de comunidades universitárias fomentarem as denúncias e apoiarem as vítimas, exigindo intervenções, ações institucionais vêm sendo tomadas, a exemplo da CPI das Universidades e da criação da Rede Quem Cala Consente, na Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Esta revisão bibliográfica objetivou reunir estudos cujo intuito seja mapear o cenário de violência sexual em universidades brasileiras, para levantar que tipo de contribuições ao enfrentamento da violência a academia tem fornecido, comparando-os, em seguida, àqueles relacionado à violência de gênero e aos estudos internacionais sobre violência sexual universitária. Palavras-chave: violência sexual; violência de gênero; mulheres universitárias; direitos humanos; educação Abstract: Sexual violence in the universities context acquires specific characteristics which turn even more difficult to perceive and confront aggressions. Since university attendance is more than a perspective for academic education, representing basic human rights access, sexual violence typify an obstacle to full exercise of citizenship rather than just an individual violation. Seeing that university students have been gathering to promote denunciation, support victims and demand for interventions, institutional actions-as the designated commission of parliamentarians that investigated human rights violations in São Paulo and the network Rede Quem Cala Consente, at Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-are now ongoing. This review aimed to gather studies whose purpose was to map the sexual violence scenario at Brazilian universities, so we could detect in which ways academy has been contributing to sexual violence confrontation, and compare them to international studies on the same topic as well as to studies on gender violence.
O objetivo deste artigo é propor um marco analítico provisório do processo de governança global d... more O objetivo deste artigo é propor um marco analítico provisório do processo de governança global do clima. Busca-se um instrumento para descrever e analisar uma realidade, em construção, bem como uma perspectiva que possa contribuir na procura de respostas eficientes, cooperativas, sustentáveis e justas à mudança do clima. Alguns estudiosos têm argumentado a favor de uma perspectiva de análise centrada na noção de governança do clima, ao invés do conceito de regime internacional. Isso se deve a três limites relacionados ao conceito de regimes internacionais 2 : o status proeminente do estado-nação, a sua natureza definida como unitária (caixa-preta) e a diferenciação e forte demarcação como duas arenas políticas separadas: a doméstica e a internacional. Outros consideram que regimes internacionais são subsistemas de governança. Este artigo argumenta que a noção de governança é mais ampla e por isso compreende mais dimensões do fenômeno. Não existe, no entanto, uma definição consensual de governança global, tampouco de governança climática. Propõe-se aprofundar a discussão conceitual sobre governança climática, enquanto uma problemática multidimensional, que interliga economia-política, segurança, meio ambiente e energia e que engloba múltiplas escalas, níveis e atores. Palavras-chave: Governança global do clima, mudança do clima, regimes internacionais, limites planetários.
Solid waste has been growing at an exponential rate because of unsustainable production and consu... more Solid waste has been growing at an exponential rate because of unsustainable production and consumption patterns. For that reason, it is considered a global issue both in the international political economy perspective and in local and global governance, with multiple actors and levels of analysis, highlighting waste pickers as relevant actors.
(UFGD) 4 RESUMO: Muitas lutas socioambientais ao redor do mundo abraçam esforços em prol da prote... more (UFGD) 4 RESUMO: Muitas lutas socioambientais ao redor do mundo abraçam esforços em prol da proteção contra o desaparecimento de outros "mundos". Ao lado da diversidade biológica, encontram-se ameaçadas as línguas, as tradições, os conhecimentos humanos, assim como as relações íntimas entre povos e suas terras, por várias formas de colonização, expansão do capital, ou simplesmente a globalização de estilos de viver. Estudiosos das relações internacionais começaram a despertar para o entendimento de que o mundo é composto por muitos mundos, e que essa diversidade se encontra ameaçada por fortes pressões. Este esforço tem sido essencial para a compreensão da luta em prol da manutenção desses muitos mundos em um único Planeta Terra. No entanto, esses estudos ainda não penetraram por completo os estudos de Política Ambiental Global (PAG). Este artigo expande essa sensibilidade e esforço acadêmico à PAG, ao dialogar com formas indígenas de conhecer. Defende-se que as lutas indígenas são lutas pela sobrevivência de muitos mundos em um único planeta e que há o que se aprender disso. Não se busca generalizar o conhecimento indígena, mas sim lançar uma chamada ao engajamento. Por meio da Escuta e da Fala Criativas, uma metodologia da abordagem dos muitos mundos, este artigo põe em foco o mundo-floresta dos Yanomami e apresenta algumas perspectivas para ilustrar como ontologias relacionais e histórias de divindades dialógicas e não hierárquicas, constroem formas de conhecer e de ser a partir das quais podemos aprender a nos relacionar com o Planeta Terra em pé de igualdade. 1 N.T. Originalmente publicado em inglês com título "Worlding the Study of Global Environmental Politics in the Anthropocene: Indigenous Voices from the Amazon", na revista Global Environmental Politics v. 18, n. 4, 2018, p. 25-42. A Revista Monções agradece à MIT Press pela permissão concedida para publicar esta tradução. 2 Reconheço e expresso meus sinceros agradecimentos a Michele Betsill, Jonathan Gamu, Peter Jacques, Kate O'Neill, Dimitris Stevis, Paul Wapner e, finalmente, aos quatro revisores anônimos e aos editores do GEP por sugestões, comentários, edições e orientação. Agradeço também ao
This article proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the potentialities and limits for private... more This article proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the potentialities and limits for private sector participation in the Agenda 2030. The framework consists of two categories: corporate awareness for development and active partnership for development. The first deals with the introduction of corporate sustainable responsible practices or business strategies based on development concerns. The second contemplates the roles of resource provider, executor or beneficiary of development cooperation initiatives in the context of the Agenda 2030. In addition, this article proposes financial mechanisms that could promote private sector engagement. In sequence, this article provides an analysis and examples of the current participation of companies in the Agenda 2030 based on the analytical framework.
This paper analyzes an experience of service learning which was initiated in 2007 by internationa... more This paper analyzes an experience of service learning which was initiated in 2007 by international relations students at the University of Brasília. It started in the course "Civil Society and World Politics", which focused on the roles of civil society in global governance.
Many socioenvironmental struggles around the globe involve trying to protect the disappearance of... more Many socioenvironmental struggles around the globe involve trying to protect the disappearance of other "worlds." Along with biological diversity, human languages, traditions, understandings, and the intimate relationships between peoples and their lands are under attack through various forms of colonization, capital expansion, or simply the globalization of lifeways. Scholars of international relations have recently come to appreciate that the world is made up of many worlds, and that great pressures threaten to reduce its diversity. This work has been essential for understanding the struggle of maintaining many worlds on a single Earth. Such scholarship has yet to penetrate fully studies of global environmental politics (GEP). This article extends such sensitivity and scholarly effort to GEP by dialoguing with Indigenous ways of knowing. It argues that Indigenous struggles are struggles for the survival of many worlds on one planet and that we could learn from this. The intention is not to generalize Indigenous knowledge but rather to make a call for engagement. Through Creative Listening and Speaking, a worldist methodology, the article focuses on the Yanomami's forest-world and presents a few perspectives to illustrate how relational ontologies, stories of nonhierarchical and dialogical divinities, make ways of knowing and being from which we could learn how to relate to the Earth as equals. Ursula K. Le Guin's novel The Word for World Is Forest tells the story of natives living on Athshe, a planet made up of thick forests and far from Earth, witnessing the destruction of their land and way of life. The novel describes how the Terrans, future humans, have traveled to Athshe to cut down the planet's trees (sending them back to Earth) and to prepare the land for future Terran colonizers. Two Athsheans talk about the sanity of the Terrans: "A people can't be insane."
International Organisations Research Journal, 2010
In keeping with its surging economic growth and regional influence, South Africa has become an em... more In keeping with its surging economic growth and regional influence, South Africa has become an emerging donor that is increasingly involved in Africa as a development partner-largely via peacekeeping, post-conflict reconstruction, and research for development. South Africa's apartheid-era development assistance program, which sought to buy a measure of respect for the country, has been transformed by the advent of democratic rule in 1994 into an instrument to advance the so-called African Renaissance. South Africa has tried to avoid following traditional North-South donor hierarchies by fostering cooperative engagement with its African partners. Development assistance is still a recent innovation embedded within the broad framework of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and the vision of an African Renaissance. As such, South Africa has no centralized agency to manage the country's burgeoning development assistance programs. Assistance is provided through the African Renaissance Fund of the Department of Foreign Affairs; a variety of government departments [especially Defence, Education, South African Police Services (under the Department of Safety and Security), Foreign Affairs, Minerals and Energy, and Trade and Industry]; and parastatals, government agencies, and other statutory bodies. South Africa has no systematic database to track the country's development assistance, no separate financial reporting lines for development projects, no overall government strategy to direct aid, and no generic operating guidelines (outside of the African Renaissance Fund) to facilitate the overall provision of aid. However, suggestions have been made recently by the ruling African National Congress to create a South African International Development Agency (SAIDA), which would be located within the Department of Foreign Affairs. Inspired by the idea of African Renaissance, South Africa's development assistance is directed almost entirely toward other African nations, and focuses on general improvements in governance, and on local priorities such as conflict prevention, resolution, and remediation. Within Africa itself, the bulk of South African's development assistance (some 70 percent) is focused on South African Development Community member states. Implicitly, security concerns are a priority and peacekeeping is a key element of South Africa's assistance efforts. Development assistance activities for 2006 amount to between US$363 million and US$475 million, or 0.18 percent of GDP. The Department of Defence (55 percent) and the Department of Education (36 percent) accounted for the bulk of these expenditures. Assistance is not formally tied; however, most projects rely on South African inputs (skilled labour and technology), which form integral parts of project activities.
As human activity threatens to make the planet unsafe for humanity and other life forms, scholars... more As human activity threatens to make the planet unsafe for humanity and other life forms, scholars are identifying planetary targets set at a safe distance from biophysical thresholds beyond which critical Earth systems may collapse. Yet despite the profound implications that both meeting and transgressing such targets may have for human wellbeing, including the potential for negative trade-offs, there is limited social science analysis that systematically considers the justice dimensions of such targets. Here we assess a range of views on planetary justice and present three arguments associated with why social scientists should engage with the scholarship on safe targets. We argue that complementing safe targets with just targets offers a fruitful approach for considering synergies and trade-offs between environmental and social aspirations and can inform inclusive deliberation on these important issues.
Ilustracoes do capitulo encontram-se no Anexo I do livro Universidade para o seculo XXI: educacao... more Ilustracoes do capitulo encontram-se no Anexo I do livro Universidade para o seculo XXI: educacao e gestao ambiental na Universidade de Brasilia, p. 326.
Living within planetary limits requires attention to justice as biophysical boundaries are not in... more Living within planetary limits requires attention to justice as biophysical boundaries are not inherently just. Through collaboration between natural and social scientists, the Earth Commission defines and operationalizes Earth system justice to ensure that boundaries reduce harm, increase well-being, and reflect substantive and procedural justice. Such stringent boundaries may also affect 'just access' to food, water, energy and infrastructure. We show how boundaries may need to be adjusted to reduce harm and increase access, and challenge inequality to ensure a safe and just future for people, other species and the planet. Earth system justice may enable living justly within boundaries. Rapid Earth system changes in the Anthropocene are harming nature and humans. The Anthropocene is also marked by increasing inequalities 1 and vulnerabilities 2. Scientists have proposed planetary boundaries, such as climate targets, to reduce global environmental risks. Within the Earth Commission, we aim to propose 'safe and just Earth system boundaries' (ESBs) that go beyond planetary boundaries as they also include a justice perspective and suggest transformations to achieve them 3. Safe and just ESBs aim to stabilize the Earth system, protect species and ecosystems and avoid tipping points, as well as minimize 'significant harm' to people while ensuring access to resources for a dignified life and escape from poverty. If justice is not considered, the biophysical limits may not be adequate to protect current generations from significant harm. However, strict biophysical limits, such as reducing emissions or setting aside land for nature, can, for example, reduce access to food and land for vulnerable people, and should be complemented by fair sharing and management of the remaining ecological space on Earth 4. Behavioural experiments show that people contribute to common pool resource stewardship if they see the process and outcomes as just 5. This perspective offers an approach to Earth system justice (ESJ) that can guide and operationalize the identification of 'just ends' in terms of Earth system boundaries (ESBs) and access indicators, and 'just means' in terms of sustainability transformations. It provides a discursive shift to reframe environmental science and policy to pay attention to distributive justice 6 .
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Books by Cristina Inoue
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.
Papers by Cristina Inoue
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.
The concept of biodiversity international regime is familiar to scholars whose study fields are related to global environmental issues. Usually their focus is on the inter state relations and processes around the establishment and implementation of the global environmental conventions. Conservation biologists, environmental NGOs and agencies on the other hand tend to focus on experiences/projects implemented in the regional or local levels. However, fewer efforts are made to integrate global, regional and local levels.
Mamirauá was a biodiversity conservation and sustainable development project that joined researchers, international NGOs, national and regional governmental organs, one bilateral cooperation agency, the European Union and local communities. The results were the creation of a Sustainable Development Reserve and a research institute in a flooded forest area of Brazilian Amazonia. Even though it cannot be considered a response from the Brazilian government to the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD), Mamirauá is “in tune” with the Convention objectives and with broader normative and causal beliefs developed transnationally among conservationists.
My aim is to construct a concept of a global biodiversity regime to be used as an analytical framework. It encompasses the CBD principles, norms, and objectives, but also the other biodiversity related international agreements, the concepts and methodologies established by NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies, and the transnational and international flows of knowledge and resources towards local projects. The role of transnational networks like epistemic communities (Haas 1992) will also be considered. The concept of regime proposed here integrates the global and local dimensions, allowing us to capture experiences on the ground within one framework. Through such a framework it is possible to view the Mamirauá project in a global-local perspective. If we could see local initiatives within a global regime for biodiversity, the discussion on the effectiveness of the regime would be more grounded. What happens at the international level does not always reflect what is going on locally.
The two objectives of the book are inter-related: to identify key factors which resulted in the elaboration and implementation of the Mamirauá Project, considered well succeeded, and in the establishment of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve; and to relate this initiative to the global biodiversity regime. To do so, my intention is to highlight the international and transnational factors that have acted locally and to point out the demonstrative value of Mamirauá for the regime. Therefore, the intention is to relate a local experience with global processes concerning biodiversity.
The research was based on primary and secondary sources and on interviews. My conclusion was that local experiences on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development implemented in several countries and the existence of transnational conservationist networks are interrelated factors. Both are part of a global biodiversity regime, and Mamirauá can be placed in such a context. Particularly, I related the existence of a conservation biology epistemic community to the Mamirauá initiative.