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Peter G Anick

Brandeis University, Linguistics and Computational Linguistics, Adjunct

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Michael Kimball

University of Northern Colorado

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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

LOA Library (Museum of New Mexico - Museum of Indian Arts and Culture)

Museum of Indian Arts and Culture

Southern Illinois University

California State University, Bakersfield

Karla Hambelton

Maarten van Hoek

Angelo Eugenio Fossati

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of the Sacred Heart)

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Papers by Peter G Anick

Reading Between the Petroglyphs: Incised Art on Maine's Kennebec River

American Indian Rock Art, 2024

Indian Ledge, a bedrock formation projecting into Maine's Kennebec River, contains over a hundred... more Indian Ledge, a bedrock formation projecting into Maine's Kennebec River, contains over a hundred pecked figures, including anthropomorphs, canoes, moose, and "thunderbirds. " Based on style and subject matter, these are thought to date from the Middle Ceramic to the Early Contact period (roughly 1100-350 years ago). We present evidence of delicate, finely incised imagery that appears to predate the pecked petroglyphs. Natural scratches, modern graffiti, and the pecked figures obscure much of the earlier imagery. However, small surviving sections reveal long, flowing parallel lines, decorative patterns suggestive of basket weaves, and other abstract motifs that bear little resemblance to pecked and incised imagery found elsewhere in Maine. We describe our efforts to document the faint and incomplete images and compare the designs to other rock art in the Northeast. They may represent an early style not previously observed in the region.

Automatic construction of faceted terminological feedback for context-based information retrieval

ABSTRACT &quot;UMI:9927212.&quot; Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brandeis University, 1999. Includes bi... more

Reconciling Function and Structure in Scientific Models

Despite our increasing understanding of the structure and dynamics of scientific domains, functio... more Despite our increasing understanding of the structure and dynamics of scientific domains, functional knowledge and functional language— such as referring to a central purpose or function of a molecule— permeate scientific articles. Cognitive systems that collaborate with scientists must therefore represent functional knowledge to support machine reading and explanation. This paper describes our progress on automatically inferring and representing functional knowledge in R3 (Reading, Reasoning, and Reporting). R3 automatically reads biology articles from PubMed Central, using a massive domain model from Pathway Commons (www.pathwaycommons.org/) as background knowledge. R3 now relates functional language to its background structural model and explains functional knowledge, which is the central contribution of this paper. We motivate the representation of functional knowledge in the biology domain— which many existing ontologies omit— using examples from PubMed articles. We then descri...

RAMFIS: Integrating Diverse TA1's

TA1 performers extract entities and events from individual multi-media documents and pass them al... more

Integrating Diverse TA 1 ’ s 1 RAMFIS : Integrating Diverse TA 1 ’ s TAC 2019 Prepared by

TA1 performers extract entities and events from individual multi-media documents and pass them al... more

Towards an Annotation Schema for Cancer Trajectory State Detection

Xcalibur Project Report 1

An application of lexical semantics to knowledge acquisition from corpora

Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics -, 1990

In this paper, we describe a program of research designed to explore.' how a lexical semantic the... more In this paper, we describe a program of research designed to explore.' how a lexical semantic theory may be exploited for extracting information from corpora suitable for use in Information Retrieval applications. Unlike with purely statistical collocational analyses, the framework of a semantic theory allows the ~ultomatic construction of predictions about semantic relationships among words appearing in coltocatioz~al systems. We illustrate the at)proach for the acquisition of lexical information for several classes of nominals.

On the semantic interpretation of nominals

Proceedings of the 12th conference on Computational linguistics -, 1988

In this paper wc examine a subset of polyscmous elements, the logical structure of nominals, and ... more In this paper wc examine a subset of polyscmous elements, the logical structure of nominals, and argue that maw cases of polysemy have well-defined calculi, which interact with the grmnmar in predictable and determinate ways for disambiguation. These calculi constitute part of the lexicai organization of the grammar and contribute to the lexical semantics of a word. The lexieal system of the grammar is distinct from the conceptual representation associated with a lcxieal item, where polysemy is less constrained by grarmnar. We propose a structured' semantic representation, the Lexical Conceptual Paradigm (LCP) which groups nouns into paradigmatic classes exhibiting like behavior.

The SIGIR 2006 workshop program

The SIGIR workshop program aims to facilitate the development of subcommunities within the greate... more The SIGIR workshop program aims to facilitate the development of subcommunities within the greater SIGIR population, encourage the exploration of new areas and foster interaction with participants from related fields. The 2006 program achieved all these goals with a broad range of workshops that both reunited researchers from previous workshops (such as multilingual information access and exploratory search) and introduced new topics (such as personal information management and faceted search).

The SIGIR 2008 workshop program

With the ever-expanding scope of the field of Information Retrieval, the SIGIR workshops program ... more With the ever-expanding scope of the field of Information Retrieval, the SIGIR workshops program has grown into a vital component of the annual SIGIR conference. It provides an informal but structured setting for extended dialog and brainstorming. It allows scholars in budding areas to share ideas and set research agendas. It supports cross fertilization between existing communities and the development of new ones, often bringing together practitioners from industry and academia.

First steps toward an integrated natural language interface

Integrating a dynamic lexicon with a dynamic full-text retrieval system

Proceedings of the 16th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '93, 1993

ABSTRACT There has been a great deal of interest within the Information Retrieval community in ev... more ABSTRACT There has been a great deal of interest within the Information Retrieval community in evaluating the use of linguistic knowledge to improve the indexing and searching of textual databases. Such systems must often employ a lexicon to store information about the words and phrases comprising the application&#39;s domain. Unlike a static lexicon, a dynamic lexicon raises practical concerns about the coordination between the state of the lexicon and IR indexing schemes based on lexical knowledge. Additionally, it introduces a host of database management issues, many of which are similar to those found in the text databases as well. In this paper, we explore a range of system design and performance issues that arise when integrating a dynamic lexicon with a dynamic full-text information retrieval system. We observe that the principle of functional isolation argues against the use of language-dependent information in article indexes and favors the use of query-time strategies for applying lexical knowledge. We propose and evaluate a system architecture which embodies this principle. We also show how a storage and retrieval infrastructure based on Burkowski&#39;s [BURKOWSKI92] “containment model” abstraction can be employed to implement both the text retrieval and lexicon facilities required in an integrated system.

Versioning a full-text information retrieval system

Proceedings of the 15th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '92, 1992

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an approach to the incorporation of object versioning into a d... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an approach to the incorporation of object versioning into a distributed full-text information retrieval system. We propose an implementation based on “partially versioned” index sets, arguing that its space overhead and query-time performance make it suitable for full-text IR, with its heavy dependence on inverted indexing. We develop algorithms for computing both historical queries and time range queries and show how these algorithms can be applied to a number of problems in distributed information management, such as data replication, caching, transactional consistency, and hybrid media repositories.

Using terminological feedback for web search refinement

Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval - SIGIR '03, 2003

Although interactive query reformulation has been actively studied in the laboratory, little is k... more Although interactive query reformulation has been actively studied in the laboratory, little is known about the actual behavior of web searchers who are offered terminological feedback along with their search results. We analyze log sessions for two groups of users interacting with variants of the AltaVista search enginea baseline group given no terminological feedback and a feedback group to whom twelve refinement terms are offered along with the search results. We examine uptake, refinement effectiveness, conditions of use, and refinement type preferences. Although our measure of overall session "success" shows no difference between outcomes for the two groups, we find evidence that a subset of those users presented with terminological feedback do make effective use of it on a continuing basis.

A High-level Morphological Description Language

A high-level language lor the description of inflectional morphology is presented, in which the o... more A high-level language lor the description of inflectional morphology is presented, in which the organization of word lormation rules into an ii~herilance hierarchy of paradigms allows lora natural encoding of the kinds of nfles typically pre~uted in grammar txroks. We show how tim language, composed of orthographic rides, word formation rules, and paradigm inheritance, can be compiled into a run-time data structure for efficient morphological analysis and generation with a dynamic secondary storage lexicon.

The XCALIBUR Project: A Natural Language Interface to Expert Systems

Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Volume 2, 1983

The inevitable proliferation of expert systems underscores the need for robust, friendly interfac... more The inevitable proliferation of expert systems underscores the need for robust, friendly interfaces requiring minimal user training. The objective of the XCALIBUR project is to meet this need by providing natural comprehension and generation in the context of a focused mixed-initiative dialog. The XCALIBUR architecture is discussed, including its three central components (parser, generator and information manager), its methods of handling ellipsis and imperfect input, and its relation to the underlying expert system.

A method and apparatus for indexing and retrieval of object versions in a versioned data base

Speculative search result on a not-yet-submitted search query

Topic-focused search result summaries

Reading Between the Petroglyphs: Incised Art on Maine's Kennebec River

American Indian Rock Art, 2024

Indian Ledge, a bedrock formation projecting into Maine's Kennebec River, contains over a hundred... more Indian Ledge, a bedrock formation projecting into Maine's Kennebec River, contains over a hundred pecked figures, including anthropomorphs, canoes, moose, and "thunderbirds. " Based on style and subject matter, these are thought to date from the Middle Ceramic to the Early Contact period (roughly 1100-350 years ago). We present evidence of delicate, finely incised imagery that appears to predate the pecked petroglyphs. Natural scratches, modern graffiti, and the pecked figures obscure much of the earlier imagery. However, small surviving sections reveal long, flowing parallel lines, decorative patterns suggestive of basket weaves, and other abstract motifs that bear little resemblance to pecked and incised imagery found elsewhere in Maine. We describe our efforts to document the faint and incomplete images and compare the designs to other rock art in the Northeast. They may represent an early style not previously observed in the region.

Automatic construction of faceted terminological feedback for context-based information retrieval

ABSTRACT &quot;UMI:9927212.&quot; Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brandeis University, 1999. Includes bi... more

Reconciling Function and Structure in Scientific Models

Despite our increasing understanding of the structure and dynamics of scientific domains, functio... more Despite our increasing understanding of the structure and dynamics of scientific domains, functional knowledge and functional language— such as referring to a central purpose or function of a molecule— permeate scientific articles. Cognitive systems that collaborate with scientists must therefore represent functional knowledge to support machine reading and explanation. This paper describes our progress on automatically inferring and representing functional knowledge in R3 (Reading, Reasoning, and Reporting). R3 automatically reads biology articles from PubMed Central, using a massive domain model from Pathway Commons (www.pathwaycommons.org/) as background knowledge. R3 now relates functional language to its background structural model and explains functional knowledge, which is the central contribution of this paper. We motivate the representation of functional knowledge in the biology domain— which many existing ontologies omit— using examples from PubMed articles. We then descri...

RAMFIS: Integrating Diverse TA1's

TA1 performers extract entities and events from individual multi-media documents and pass them al... more

Integrating Diverse TA 1 ’ s 1 RAMFIS : Integrating Diverse TA 1 ’ s TAC 2019 Prepared by

TA1 performers extract entities and events from individual multi-media documents and pass them al... more

Towards an Annotation Schema for Cancer Trajectory State Detection

Xcalibur Project Report 1

An application of lexical semantics to knowledge acquisition from corpora

Proceedings of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics -, 1990

In this paper, we describe a program of research designed to explore.' how a lexical semantic the... more In this paper, we describe a program of research designed to explore.' how a lexical semantic theory may be exploited for extracting information from corpora suitable for use in Information Retrieval applications. Unlike with purely statistical collocational analyses, the framework of a semantic theory allows the ~ultomatic construction of predictions about semantic relationships among words appearing in coltocatioz~al systems. We illustrate the at)proach for the acquisition of lexical information for several classes of nominals.

On the semantic interpretation of nominals

Proceedings of the 12th conference on Computational linguistics -, 1988

In this paper wc examine a subset of polyscmous elements, the logical structure of nominals, and ... more In this paper wc examine a subset of polyscmous elements, the logical structure of nominals, and argue that maw cases of polysemy have well-defined calculi, which interact with the grmnmar in predictable and determinate ways for disambiguation. These calculi constitute part of the lexicai organization of the grammar and contribute to the lexical semantics of a word. The lexieal system of the grammar is distinct from the conceptual representation associated with a lcxieal item, where polysemy is less constrained by grarmnar. We propose a structured' semantic representation, the Lexical Conceptual Paradigm (LCP) which groups nouns into paradigmatic classes exhibiting like behavior.

The SIGIR 2006 workshop program

The SIGIR workshop program aims to facilitate the development of subcommunities within the greate... more The SIGIR workshop program aims to facilitate the development of subcommunities within the greater SIGIR population, encourage the exploration of new areas and foster interaction with participants from related fields. The 2006 program achieved all these goals with a broad range of workshops that both reunited researchers from previous workshops (such as multilingual information access and exploratory search) and introduced new topics (such as personal information management and faceted search).

The SIGIR 2008 workshop program

With the ever-expanding scope of the field of Information Retrieval, the SIGIR workshops program ... more With the ever-expanding scope of the field of Information Retrieval, the SIGIR workshops program has grown into a vital component of the annual SIGIR conference. It provides an informal but structured setting for extended dialog and brainstorming. It allows scholars in budding areas to share ideas and set research agendas. It supports cross fertilization between existing communities and the development of new ones, often bringing together practitioners from industry and academia.

First steps toward an integrated natural language interface

Integrating a dynamic lexicon with a dynamic full-text retrieval system

Proceedings of the 16th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '93, 1993

ABSTRACT There has been a great deal of interest within the Information Retrieval community in ev... more ABSTRACT There has been a great deal of interest within the Information Retrieval community in evaluating the use of linguistic knowledge to improve the indexing and searching of textual databases. Such systems must often employ a lexicon to store information about the words and phrases comprising the application&#39;s domain. Unlike a static lexicon, a dynamic lexicon raises practical concerns about the coordination between the state of the lexicon and IR indexing schemes based on lexical knowledge. Additionally, it introduces a host of database management issues, many of which are similar to those found in the text databases as well. In this paper, we explore a range of system design and performance issues that arise when integrating a dynamic lexicon with a dynamic full-text information retrieval system. We observe that the principle of functional isolation argues against the use of language-dependent information in article indexes and favors the use of query-time strategies for applying lexical knowledge. We propose and evaluate a system architecture which embodies this principle. We also show how a storage and retrieval infrastructure based on Burkowski&#39;s [BURKOWSKI92] “containment model” abstraction can be employed to implement both the text retrieval and lexicon facilities required in an integrated system.

Versioning a full-text information retrieval system

Proceedings of the 15th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '92, 1992

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an approach to the incorporation of object versioning into a d... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an approach to the incorporation of object versioning into a distributed full-text information retrieval system. We propose an implementation based on “partially versioned” index sets, arguing that its space overhead and query-time performance make it suitable for full-text IR, with its heavy dependence on inverted indexing. We develop algorithms for computing both historical queries and time range queries and show how these algorithms can be applied to a number of problems in distributed information management, such as data replication, caching, transactional consistency, and hybrid media repositories.

Using terminological feedback for web search refinement

Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval - SIGIR '03, 2003

Although interactive query reformulation has been actively studied in the laboratory, little is k... more Although interactive query reformulation has been actively studied in the laboratory, little is known about the actual behavior of web searchers who are offered terminological feedback along with their search results. We analyze log sessions for two groups of users interacting with variants of the AltaVista search enginea baseline group given no terminological feedback and a feedback group to whom twelve refinement terms are offered along with the search results. We examine uptake, refinement effectiveness, conditions of use, and refinement type preferences. Although our measure of overall session "success" shows no difference between outcomes for the two groups, we find evidence that a subset of those users presented with terminological feedback do make effective use of it on a continuing basis.

A High-level Morphological Description Language

A high-level language lor the description of inflectional morphology is presented, in which the o... more A high-level language lor the description of inflectional morphology is presented, in which the organization of word lormation rules into an ii~herilance hierarchy of paradigms allows lora natural encoding of the kinds of nfles typically pre~uted in grammar txroks. We show how tim language, composed of orthographic rides, word formation rules, and paradigm inheritance, can be compiled into a run-time data structure for efficient morphological analysis and generation with a dynamic secondary storage lexicon.

The XCALIBUR Project: A Natural Language Interface to Expert Systems

Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Volume 2, 1983

The inevitable proliferation of expert systems underscores the need for robust, friendly interfac... more The inevitable proliferation of expert systems underscores the need for robust, friendly interfaces requiring minimal user training. The objective of the XCALIBUR project is to meet this need by providing natural comprehension and generation in the context of a focused mixed-initiative dialog. The XCALIBUR architecture is discussed, including its three central components (parser, generator and information manager), its methods of handling ellipsis and imperfect input, and its relation to the underlying expert system.

A method and apparatus for indexing and retrieval of object versions in a versioned data base

Speculative search result on a not-yet-submitted search query

Topic-focused search result summaries