I2CIntroduction I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a short-distance, low-speed, two-wire serial communication bus introduced by Philips (NXP) in the 1980s. It is widely used in electronic devices due to its simple structure (requiring only the SDA data line and SCL clock line), low wiring costs, and support for multi-master and multi-slave communication. Its main application scenarios … Read more
When users download large files and the progress stalls at 99%, or when real-time data streams suddenly interrupt without notice—these typical issues stem from neglecting to accurately determine the completion of HTTP responses. This article will delve into solving a key challenge in frontend development:How to accurately determine whether HTTP response data has been completely … Read more
Table of Contents 1. Core Concepts of Stream Buffer 1.1 Design Purpose 1.2 Key Features 2. Practical Implementation of Efficient Data Stream Transmission 2.1 Serial Data Transmission and Reception Example 2.2 Performance Optimization Techniques 3. In-depth Comparison with Queues 4. Quick Reference for Key APIs 5. Best Practice Recommendations 1. Core Concepts of Stream Buffer … Read more
The IoT card, officially known as the IoT communication card, is a mobile communication access service provided by operators specifically for smart terminal devices. Unlike the mobile SIM cards we use daily, IoT cards use exclusive number ranges and are primarily sold in bulk to enterprise users, providing data transmission, remote control, and management services … Read more
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is one of the most widely used interfaces between microcontrollers and peripheral ICs such as sensors, ADCs, DACs, shift registers, and SRAM. SPI is a synchronous, full-duplex, master-slave interface. Data from the master or slave is synchronized on the rising or falling edge of the clock. Both the master and … Read more
The technology of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a cross-network system that integrates IoT and internet services, relying on emerging information technologies such as ubiquitous sensing, virtual reality, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and big data to achieve intelligent interaction between industrial data flows and the software and hardware of industrial equipment throughout the entire manufacturing … Read more
When we are working on wireless sensors and device networking, we often use wireless transmission methods such as 433M ASK and LoRa. When multiple nodes use the same frequency and transmission parameters, such as spreading factor, at the same time to send data, packet collisions or co-frequency interference can occur, which prevents the gateway from … Read more
JTAG is a commonly used interface for debugging devices. When there are many devices, a JTAG daisy chain can be used to save external interfaces, resulting in fewer external connection wires. The connection method is shown in the figure below:When sending and receiving data, it is necessary to determine the data to be received and … Read more
Word count: 8843, reading time approximately 45 minutes A Comprehensive Comparison of UART and SPI in Embedded Systems UART and SPI are key communication methods in the electronics field. UART is suitable for simple long-distance connections, while SPI excels in fast data transmission. They are used in GPS modules, SD cards, and microcontrollers, and understanding … Read more
I2C is a synchronous, half-duplex serial communication bus protocol used for connecting low-speed peripherals. The main features include: Two-wire system: SCL clock line and SDA data line Multi-master and multi-slave: Supports multiple master and slave devices, but only one master is allowed at any given time. Addressing: Each slave device has a unique address Speed: … Read more