Using data on household consumer durables from the Asian Barometer Survey, this paper examines th... more Using data on household consumer durables from the Asian Barometer Survey, this paper examines the evolution of inequality, poverty and welfare in six countries of South East Asia: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. We start by deriving the most common order of acquisition of these durables, using first an algorithm proposed by Paroush (1965), and then Item Response Theory. We also compute the frequency distribution of the number of durables owned by households. We then use these results to compute inequality, poverty and achievement or welfare indices adapted to the case of ordinal variables. Our empirical results confirm the existence of an order of acquisition. The results show that inequality was higher in Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines and lower in Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. A similar classification of countries was obtained when computing multidimensional poverty indices. Finally, using the welfare or achievement index recently introduced by Apouey et al. (2019), we found that welfare was generally higher in Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia and lower in Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines.
This paper analyzes empirical differences in adoption services of public and private agencies. Th... more This paper analyzes empirical differences in adoption services of public and private agencies. The empirical investigation includes cross-sectional time series aggregated data for the 50 states within the United States from 1996 to 2010 with detailed statistical analysis of the period from 2000 through 2010 for which consistent and comprehensive data exists. Under private agencies, only 11.6 months elapse from the time the courts terminate the natural parents' custody until the child is adopted, while with public agencies the same process lasts for 16 months. Furthermore, during the decade from 1996 to 2006 private agencies completed more adoptions than public agencies. However, the performance gap in favor of private agencies was eliminated in 2006 and in the following years. The results suggest that privatization of adoption of young and healthy children did not show an advantage for private services. However, transitioning adoption services to private agencies for older children or children with complex special needs, improves the adoption services compared with those of public agencies. Subsidization especially improves the adoption of older children and of all children with special needs while it appears to be statistically insignificant or implied as unnecessary for healthy babies.
Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement, 2008
In their study of Poor Britain Mack and Lansley (1985) combined a ‘direct’ approach to poverty me... more In their study of Poor Britain Mack and Lansley (1985) combined a ‘direct’ approach to poverty measurement, one that focuses on actual living conditions rather than on income or total expenditures, with a ‘consensual’ approach that integrates information on what ‘public opinion’ considers as necessary consumption. Such a direct measurement of poverty in fact followed Peter Townsend’s (1979) original ideas in so far as poverty was defined as a lack of ‘socially perceived necessities’ (Mack and Lansley, 1985). For Mack and Lansley, an item should be classified as a necessity if more than 50 per cent of the population considered it as such. Hallerod (1994) criticized such an approach and defined it as a ‘majority’ rather than as a ‘consensual’ approach. He suggested using a ‘proportional deprivation index’ where all the original items taken into account in the survey are included in a weighting scheme where the weight of an item is derived from the proportion of individuals regarding this item as a necessity.
ABSTRACT This paper has two goals. First it determines the respective impacts of variations in th... more ABSTRACT This paper has two goals. First it determines the respective impacts of variations in the tax rates and in the distribution of pre-tax incomes on changes in tax progressivity in the United Kingdom during the period 1960–2001. Second it checks whether macroeconomic variables or the political cycle influenced the degree of tax progressivity. The results of the empirical analysis show that the significant decrease in tax progressivity observed between 1960 and 1982 was essentially the result of a variation in the distribution of pre-tax incomes. During the later period (1982–2001) the data indicate that there was no significant change in overall progressivity and in the components of its change. The second part of this study indicates that in the long run both inflation and unemployment negatively affect tax progressivity. The impact of the political cycle on tax progressivity is not clear and the results depend on the tax progressivity index that is used. It is interesting to note that in the cases where a political effect is found it indicates that under the Labour party, tax progressivity increased, for a given level of inflation and unemployment. The econometric analysis also shows that in the short run, only unemployment has a significant effect on tax progressivity.
... Joseph Deutsch (Bar Ilan University ... On peut déterminer ainsi non seulement le pourcentage... more ... Joseph Deutsch (Bar Ilan University ... On peut déterminer ainsi non seulement le pourcentage de personnes affectées par la pauvreté mais il est possible également de mesurer le montant monétaire moyen qui sépare la population dite pauvre du seuil de pauvreté sans négliger ...
ABSTRACT This study provides international evidence regarding the effect of inflation variability... more ABSTRACT This study provides international evidence regarding the effect of inflation variability on money demand in developing countries. Blejer and Khan have suggested that inflation variability has a negative effect in countries with high and erratic inflation and a positive effect in economies with low and stable inflation. The results of this paper clearly reject their hypothesis: a positive effect is found even for high inflation economies and a negative effect is found for some low inflation countries. Additional findings regarding money demand in developing countries reveal: 1) The long run income elasticity of money demand is in most cases above one; 2) inflation has a negative significant effect on money demand in most of the sample countries; and 3) the speed of adjustment of money balances to their desired level is not negligible in developing countries as argued by some authors. In half of the sample economies the average adjustment period exceeds one year.
Inequality, bi-polarization and polarization are related but distinct concepts aiming at analysin... more Inequality, bi-polarization and polarization are related but distinct concepts aiming at analysing the income distribution. This paper first recalls the main differences between these three notions of inequality, bipolarization and polarization and then suggests using the so-called Shapley decomposition to show that the various income sources have a different impact on these three types of indicators. Our empirical investigation, based on 2008 data for Luxembourg, shows in fact that, in the case of the so-called zero income Shapley decomposition, inequality in Luxembourg is strongly related to income from capital while bi-polarization is mainly due to the distribution of income from work and polarization to that of the income from work and transfers.
ABSTRACT In the empirical analysis of structural changes, Quandt's test for detecting a s... more ABSTRACT In the empirical analysis of structural changes, Quandt's test for detecting a single change in a regression relationship at an unknown point of time is frequently applied. A limitation regarding the applicability of the method is that the distribution of the Quandt's log likelihood ratio is unknown. The purpose of this work is to derive an empirical distribution for Quandt's statistic which enables the researcher to approximate the level of significance when testing the stability of regression relationships over time.
Using data on household consumer durables from the Asian Barometer Survey, this paper examines th... more Using data on household consumer durables from the Asian Barometer Survey, this paper examines the evolution of inequality, poverty and welfare in six countries of South East Asia: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. We start by deriving the most common order of acquisition of these durables, using first an algorithm proposed by Paroush (1965), and then Item Response Theory. We also compute the frequency distribution of the number of durables owned by households. We then use these results to compute inequality, poverty and achievement or welfare indices adapted to the case of ordinal variables. Our empirical results confirm the existence of an order of acquisition. The results show that inequality was higher in Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines and lower in Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. A similar classification of countries was obtained when computing multidimensional poverty indices. Finally, using the welfare or achievement index recently introduced by Apouey et al. (2019), we found that welfare was generally higher in Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia and lower in Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines.
This paper analyzes empirical differences in adoption services of public and private agencies. Th... more This paper analyzes empirical differences in adoption services of public and private agencies. The empirical investigation includes cross-sectional time series aggregated data for the 50 states within the United States from 1996 to 2010 with detailed statistical analysis of the period from 2000 through 2010 for which consistent and comprehensive data exists. Under private agencies, only 11.6 months elapse from the time the courts terminate the natural parents' custody until the child is adopted, while with public agencies the same process lasts for 16 months. Furthermore, during the decade from 1996 to 2006 private agencies completed more adoptions than public agencies. However, the performance gap in favor of private agencies was eliminated in 2006 and in the following years. The results suggest that privatization of adoption of young and healthy children did not show an advantage for private services. However, transitioning adoption services to private agencies for older children or children with complex special needs, improves the adoption services compared with those of public agencies. Subsidization especially improves the adoption of older children and of all children with special needs while it appears to be statistically insignificant or implied as unnecessary for healthy babies.
Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement, 2008
In their study of Poor Britain Mack and Lansley (1985) combined a ‘direct’ approach to poverty me... more In their study of Poor Britain Mack and Lansley (1985) combined a ‘direct’ approach to poverty measurement, one that focuses on actual living conditions rather than on income or total expenditures, with a ‘consensual’ approach that integrates information on what ‘public opinion’ considers as necessary consumption. Such a direct measurement of poverty in fact followed Peter Townsend’s (1979) original ideas in so far as poverty was defined as a lack of ‘socially perceived necessities’ (Mack and Lansley, 1985). For Mack and Lansley, an item should be classified as a necessity if more than 50 per cent of the population considered it as such. Hallerod (1994) criticized such an approach and defined it as a ‘majority’ rather than as a ‘consensual’ approach. He suggested using a ‘proportional deprivation index’ where all the original items taken into account in the survey are included in a weighting scheme where the weight of an item is derived from the proportion of individuals regarding this item as a necessity.
ABSTRACT This paper has two goals. First it determines the respective impacts of variations in th... more ABSTRACT This paper has two goals. First it determines the respective impacts of variations in the tax rates and in the distribution of pre-tax incomes on changes in tax progressivity in the United Kingdom during the period 1960–2001. Second it checks whether macroeconomic variables or the political cycle influenced the degree of tax progressivity. The results of the empirical analysis show that the significant decrease in tax progressivity observed between 1960 and 1982 was essentially the result of a variation in the distribution of pre-tax incomes. During the later period (1982–2001) the data indicate that there was no significant change in overall progressivity and in the components of its change. The second part of this study indicates that in the long run both inflation and unemployment negatively affect tax progressivity. The impact of the political cycle on tax progressivity is not clear and the results depend on the tax progressivity index that is used. It is interesting to note that in the cases where a political effect is found it indicates that under the Labour party, tax progressivity increased, for a given level of inflation and unemployment. The econometric analysis also shows that in the short run, only unemployment has a significant effect on tax progressivity.
... Joseph Deutsch (Bar Ilan University ... On peut déterminer ainsi non seulement le pourcentage... more ... Joseph Deutsch (Bar Ilan University ... On peut déterminer ainsi non seulement le pourcentage de personnes affectées par la pauvreté mais il est possible également de mesurer le montant monétaire moyen qui sépare la population dite pauvre du seuil de pauvreté sans négliger ...
ABSTRACT This study provides international evidence regarding the effect of inflation variability... more ABSTRACT This study provides international evidence regarding the effect of inflation variability on money demand in developing countries. Blejer and Khan have suggested that inflation variability has a negative effect in countries with high and erratic inflation and a positive effect in economies with low and stable inflation. The results of this paper clearly reject their hypothesis: a positive effect is found even for high inflation economies and a negative effect is found for some low inflation countries. Additional findings regarding money demand in developing countries reveal: 1) The long run income elasticity of money demand is in most cases above one; 2) inflation has a negative significant effect on money demand in most of the sample countries; and 3) the speed of adjustment of money balances to their desired level is not negligible in developing countries as argued by some authors. In half of the sample economies the average adjustment period exceeds one year.
Inequality, bi-polarization and polarization are related but distinct concepts aiming at analysin... more Inequality, bi-polarization and polarization are related but distinct concepts aiming at analysing the income distribution. This paper first recalls the main differences between these three notions of inequality, bipolarization and polarization and then suggests using the so-called Shapley decomposition to show that the various income sources have a different impact on these three types of indicators. Our empirical investigation, based on 2008 data for Luxembourg, shows in fact that, in the case of the so-called zero income Shapley decomposition, inequality in Luxembourg is strongly related to income from capital while bi-polarization is mainly due to the distribution of income from work and polarization to that of the income from work and transfers.
ABSTRACT In the empirical analysis of structural changes, Quandt's test for detecting a s... more ABSTRACT In the empirical analysis of structural changes, Quandt's test for detecting a single change in a regression relationship at an unknown point of time is frequently applied. A limitation regarding the applicability of the method is that the distribution of the Quandt's log likelihood ratio is unknown. The purpose of this work is to derive an empirical distribution for Quandt's statistic which enables the researcher to approximate the level of significance when testing the stability of regression relationships over time.
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