Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2013
ABSTRACT Polymethacrylic acid (PMA) was synthesized on the backbone of psyllium (Psy) by a microw... more ABSTRACT Polymethacrylic acid (PMA) was synthesized on the backbone of psyllium (Psy) by a microwave assisted method to prepare polymeric grafted materials designated as (Psy-g-PMA). Various grades of Psy-g-PMA were prepared by changing the degree of grafting from 35%–58% and the materials were then made into tablets. Swelling and biodegradability studies of the tablets were carried out. Acetyl salicylic acid was incorporated in the various Psy-g-PMA samples and tablets were prepared to study the in vitro drug release in acidic (pH = 4), neutral (pH = 7), and basic (pH = 9) media. In the acidic medium, the swelling was more than 1300%. In addition, the biodegradable Psy-g-PMA had the highest drug release in the acidic medium. This may be attributed to Fickian diffusion since the drug and the medium in which it was released have the same acidic nature.
Polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium (Psy-g-PMA) was synthesized by microwave assisted method, w... more Polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium (Psy-g-PMA) was synthesized by microwave assisted method, which involves a microwave irradiation in synergism with silver sulfate as a free radical initiator to initiate grafting reaction. Psy-g-PMA grades have been synthesized and characterized on structural basis (elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity study) as well as morphological and thermal studies, taking psyllium as reference. The effects of reaction time, amount of monomer and silver sulfate (free radical initiator) on grafting of PMA on psyllium backbone have been studied. It is observed that all the grades of Psy-g-PMA have higher intrinsic viscosities than that of psyllium. The best synthesized grade was Psyg-PMA having intrinsic viscosity of 6.93 and 58 % grafting of PMA on the main polymer backbone. Further Psy-g-PMA applications as flocculants for waste water treatment have been investigated. Psy-g-PMA resulted in higher decrease in the flocculation parameters such as total dissolved solid or total solids compared to psyllium. Hence the result shows the possible application of grafted psyllium in wastewater treatment.
Novel functionalized polymeric flocculants based on polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylstarch (C... more Novel functionalized polymeric flocculants based on polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylstarch (CMSg-PAM) have been successfully synthesized via conventional method (using ceric ammonium nitrate as free radical initiator, in an inert atmosphere) as well as by using microwave irradiation ('microwave initiated' synthesis). Under optimal grafting conditions, 50% grafting has been observed in case of the microwave irradiation based method and 47% grafting has been observed in case of the conventional process. The synthesized graft copolymers have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity measurement, molecular weight determination, 13 C NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph (SEM); taking carboxymethylstarch (CMS) as reference. The effects of reaction parameters onto the percentage of grafting have been studied. Further, the applicability of these grafted polymers as flocculants for the treatment of municipal sewage wastewater has also been investigated.
Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2013
ABSTRACT Polymethacrylic acid (PMA) was synthesized on the backbone of psyllium (Psy) by a microw... more ABSTRACT Polymethacrylic acid (PMA) was synthesized on the backbone of psyllium (Psy) by a microwave assisted method to prepare polymeric grafted materials designated as (Psy-g-PMA). Various grades of Psy-g-PMA were prepared by changing the degree of grafting from 35%–58% and the materials were then made into tablets. Swelling and biodegradability studies of the tablets were carried out. Acetyl salicylic acid was incorporated in the various Psy-g-PMA samples and tablets were prepared to study the in vitro drug release in acidic (pH = 4), neutral (pH = 7), and basic (pH = 9) media. In the acidic medium, the swelling was more than 1300%. In addition, the biodegradable Psy-g-PMA had the highest drug release in the acidic medium. This may be attributed to Fickian diffusion since the drug and the medium in which it was released have the same acidic nature.
Polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium (Psy-g-PMA) was synthesized by microwave assisted method, w... more Polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium (Psy-g-PMA) was synthesized by microwave assisted method, which involves a microwave irradiation in synergism with silver sulfate as a free radical initiator to initiate grafting reaction. Psy-g-PMA grades have been synthesized and characterized on structural basis (elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity study) as well as morphological and thermal studies, taking psyllium as reference. The effects of reaction time, amount of monomer and silver sulfate (free radical initiator) on grafting of PMA on psyllium backbone have been studied. It is observed that all the grades of Psy-g-PMA have higher intrinsic viscosities than that of psyllium. The best synthesized grade was Psyg-PMA having intrinsic viscosity of 6.93 and 58 % grafting of PMA on the main polymer backbone. Further Psy-g-PMA applications as flocculants for waste water treatment have been investigated. Psy-g-PMA resulted in higher decrease in the flocculation parameters such as total dissolved solid or total solids compared to psyllium. Hence the result shows the possible application of grafted psyllium in wastewater treatment.
Novel functionalized polymeric flocculants based on polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylstarch (C... more Novel functionalized polymeric flocculants based on polyacrylamide grafted carboxymethylstarch (CMSg-PAM) have been successfully synthesized via conventional method (using ceric ammonium nitrate as free radical initiator, in an inert atmosphere) as well as by using microwave irradiation ('microwave initiated' synthesis). Under optimal grafting conditions, 50% grafting has been observed in case of the microwave irradiation based method and 47% grafting has been observed in case of the conventional process. The synthesized graft copolymers have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity measurement, molecular weight determination, 13 C NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph (SEM); taking carboxymethylstarch (CMS) as reference. The effects of reaction parameters onto the percentage of grafting have been studied. Further, the applicability of these grafted polymers as flocculants for the treatment of municipal sewage wastewater has also been investigated.
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