Thesis Chapters by mujizat kawaroe
Papers by mujizat kawaroe
The surface sediments were identified from west part of Java Sea to evaluate spatial distribution... more The surface sediments were identified from west part of Java Sea to evaluate spatial distribution and ecological risk potential of heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni). The samples were taken from surface sediment (<0.5 m) in 26 m up to 80 m water depth with Eikman grab. The average material composition on sediment samples were clay (9.86%), sand (8.57%) and mud sand (81.57%). The analysis showed that Pb (11.2%), Cd (49.7%), and Ni (59.5%) exceeded of Probably Effect Level (PEL). Base on ecological risk analysis, Cd ( :300.64) and Cr ( :0.02) were categorized to high risk and low risk criteria. The ecological risk potential sequences of this study were Cd>Hg>Pb>Ni>Cu>As>Zn>Cr. Furthermore, the result of multivariate statistical analysis shows that correlation among heavy metals (As/Ni, Cd/Ni, and Cu/Zn) and heavy metals with Risk Index (Cd/Ri and Ni/Ri) had positive correlation in significance level p<0.05. Total variance of analysis factor was 80.04% and developed into 3 factors (eigenvalues >1). On the cluster analysis, Cd, Ni, Pb were identified as fairly high contaminations level (cluster 1), Hg as moderate contamination level (cluster 2) and Cu, Zn, Cr with lower contamination level (cluster 3).
The study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of artificially fragmented Sinularia sp. and Lobop... more The study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of artificially fragmented Sinularia sp. and Lobophytum sp. transplanted at 3 m and 10 m seawater depth. Artificial fragmentation and transplantation was performed at Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Lobophytum sp. raw extract showed higher bioactivity toward S. aureus and E. coli than that of Sinularia sp. Bioactivity of Lobophytum sp. and Sinularia sp. at depth of 10 m indicated higher than that of 3 m depth. Bioactivity of Lobophytum towards Artemia salina was classified as very toxic, meanwhile bioactivity of Sinularia sp was toxic.
Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2016
Spreading heavy metals in the water column may subsequently be accumulated in sediment because of... more Spreading heavy metals in the water column may subsequently be accumulated in sediment because of low solubility then become sensitivity indicator for aquatic organism. Ecological risk is assessed through the heavy metals concentration in the surface sediment. Sediment samples were grabbed from 20 stations in Mahakam Delta. Hakanson method was used to identify ecological potential risk of heavy metals pollution. The results showed that Zn (70.63 mg/kg), Cr (4.93 mg/kg), Cd (0.11 mg/kg) and Ni (33.48 mg/kg) exceeded Threshold Effect Level. Furthermore Ni exceeded Probable Effect Level. Ecological potential risk of heavy metals sequence was Pb&gt;As&gt;Cd&gt;Ni&gt;Zn&gt;Cr&gt;Cu. The criteria of ecological risk on Pb and as were considerable risk (Pb: 52.18 and As: 50.00 and the others were low risk. Moreover, the potential ecological risk sequence of study were 7 belonged to considerable risk, ST 12 was low risk and others location were medium risk. Heavy metals input in Mahakam Delta are possibly caused by human activities such as industrial, mining, household activities, and from natural process by erosion and natural water flow.
Spreading heavy metals in the water column may subsequently be accumulated in sediment because of... more Spreading heavy metals in the water column may subsequently be accumulated in sediment because of low solubility then become sensitivity indicator for aquatic organism. Ecological risk is assessed through the heavy metals concentration in the surface sediment. Sediment samples were grabbed from 20 stations in Mahakam Delta. Hakanson method was used to identify ecological potential risk of heavy metals pollution. The results showed that Zn (70.63 mg/kg), Cr (4.93 mg/kg), Cd (0.11 mg/kg) and Ni (33.48 mg/kg) exceeded Threshold Effect Level. Furthermore Ni exceeded Probable Effect Level. Ecological potential risk of heavy metals sequence was Pb>As>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cr>Cu. The criteria of ecological risk on Pb and as were considerable risk (Pb: 52.18 and As: 50.00 and the others were low risk. Moreover, the potential ecological risk sequence of study were 7 belonged to considerable risk, ST 12 was low risk and others location were medium risk. Heavy metals input in Mahakam Delta are possibly caused by human activities such as industrial, mining, household activities, and from natural process by erosion and natural water flow.
The process of photosynthesis in microalgae require CO2 and sunlight and nutrients for growth. Cu... more The process of photosynthesis in microalgae require CO2 and sunlight and nutrients for growth. Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. in wastewater media aims to meet the need of microalgae will reduce inputs of nutrients and chemicals contained in wastewater into the environment. Scenedesmus sp. cultivation is conducted more than seven days in the media industry waste water without the addition of nutrients. The highest density results obtained at the end of cultivation in the effluent water media valued at 8.033.333 cells / ml with 4.60 grams dry weight. Cultivation of microalgae may also reduce the value of Total Suspended Solids and Dissolved also decreased levels of BOD, COD, Nitrite, Sulfites, Sulfate, Iron, Chromium, Copper, and Zinc. Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. can be performed on wastewater media without the addition of nutrients.
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 2015
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 2015
In this study, we investigated hydrolisis of marine macroalgae biomass from three species Caulerp... more In this study, we investigated hydrolisis of marine macroalgae biomass from three species Caulerpa racemosa, Sargassum crassifolium and Gracilaria salicornia using three different concentration of sulphuric acid. The result showed that three seaweed species composition consist of mostly carbohydrate in crude fibre form. Caulerpa racemosa has 70.42% carbohydrate with 39.88% crude fibre, which is higher if it is compared to Sargassum crassifolium that has 54.63% carbohydrate with 34.82% crude fibre and Gracilaria salicornia that has 55.44% carbohydrate with 30.97% crude fibre.
Wise action in natural resource management is the application of bio-refinery systems. With this ... more Wise action in natural resource management is the application of bio-refinery systems. With this system, the process will be a waste of raw materials in other processes to increase the revenue. Bio-methane as renewable energy can generate slurry waste and CO 2 . Utilization of slurry has been examined in previous studies. Slurry digester which is made from seed cake Jatropha curcas, JatroMas cultivar can improve the growth of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. compared to standard media. CO 2 gas as a biochemical process in the digester is the impurietes to be minimalized. A number of purification or enrichment technologies have been available for CO 2 capture in order to improve the bio-methane quality. But adsorbs and / or chemical or physical absorption technology is relatively expensive. Microalgae reportedly are able to reduce CO 2 levels in flue gas factory. Even the exhaust gas is spurring the microalgae growth. Related to this, a preliminary study has been conducted in ability of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. for CO 2 capture in bio-methane. The study was conducted at the Microalgae Laboratory of SBRC -IPB in March-April 2011. Scenedesmus sp. was cultivated in 1,000 ml erlenmeyer compared to standard medium as the control solution of 50% slurry seed cake JatroMas cultivar. Bio-methane gas was inserted into the bottom of the erlenmeyer. Biomethane that came out from Scenedesmus sp. media was captured in the gas holder. Observation of Scenedesmus sp. growth curves has carried out in accordance, while medium levels of CO 2 measurements is conducted with simple apparatus orsat. Studies were arranged in CRD, with three replication. The results showed that rate of Scenedesmus sp. growth in slurry is higher than the control for 0.10/day. While the highest peak is in the seventh day of growth for 2.65 x 10 6 cells / mL. The average of bio-methane CO 2 levels in slurry is lower than the control which is 21% compared to 24%. It can be concluded that the integration of slurry and CO 2 gas waste from bio-methane digester that made from seed cake Jatropha curcas can spur Scenedesmus sp. growth.
International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research, May 9, 2015
Research on the sponge barnacle of Indonesia is very rare, and this study is aimed to describe th... more Research on the sponge barnacle of Indonesia is very rare, and this study is aimed to describe the morphological characteristics of sponge barnacles and their specific relationship with their sponge host species. This research was a survey and sponge samples were collected by tearing apart any available sponge found in three sampling locations, typically coral reef areas of Weh Island, Seribu Islands, and Karimunjawa Islands. Sponge barnacles contained in sponge samples were observed using stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope, and species identification was determined based on the morphological description of Darwin (1854), Pilsbry (1916), Martin dan Davis (2001), and Kolbasov (1993). Four species of sponge barnacles were found consisting of Acasta cyathus, Acasta fenestrata, Euacasta dofleini, and Membranobalanus longirostrum. Specific relationships of barnacle and its sponge host were found between Euacasta dofleini and Haliclona sp. and between Membranobalanus longirostrum and Suberites sp. respectively. Abstrak. Penelitian teritip spons Indonesia jarang dilakukan sejak kelompok ini pertama kali dideskripsikan hingga saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakter morfologi teritip spons Indonesia dan untuk mengkaji hubungan spesies spesifik teritip terhadap spons. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak Oktober sampai Desember 2012 di tiga lokasi yaitu Pulau Weh, Kepulauan Seribu, dan Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan titik pengambilan sampel dipilih berdasarkan keberadaan spons. Sampel diamati menggunakan mikroskop stereo dan mikroskop elektron kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan deskripsi Darwin (1854), Pilsbry (1916), Martin dan Davis (2001), dan Kolbasov (1993). Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat spesies teritip spons yaitu Acasta cyathus, A. fenestrata, Euacasta dofleini, dan Membranobalanus longirostrum. Terdapat hubungan spesies spesifik antara teritip dan spons inang yaitu antara teritip E. dofleini dan spons Haliclona sp. dan antara teritip M. longirostrum dan spons Suberites sp.
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Thesis Chapters by mujizat kawaroe
Papers by mujizat kawaroe