Emanuel Petac

Library of the Romanian Academy, Numismatic Department, Post-Doc

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Supervisors: Constantin Preda
Address: Library of the Romanian Academy, Numismatic Department, Calea Victoriei 125, sect. 1, Bucharest, Romania

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Dan Pîrvulescu

Muzeul Municipiului Bucuresti

Diana Sonu

Balaita Dorel

Ignat Theodor

Muzeul Municipiului Bucuresti

Aurel Vilcu

Romanian Academy. Institute of Archaeology - Bucharest

Paul Gabriel Dumitrache

The Romanian Academy

Alina Pîrvulescu

Muzeul Municipiului Bucuresti

Alina (Muşat) Streinu

Muzeul Municipiului Bucuresti

Opriş Vasile

Muzeul Municipiului Bucuresti

Mihai Dima

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Papers by Emanuel Petac

COLECȚII PIERDUTE, COLECȚII REGĂSITE. STATERII DE TIP ALEXANDRU CEL MARE AI MARIEI GOLESCU, UN POSIBIL FRAGMENT DIN TEZAURUL DE LA ANADOL

RCAN, 2021

Recent reexamination of our archives led us to a group of 20 gold coins (Alexander the Great and ... more

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ABOUT AN ALEXANDER TYPE STATER IN THE NAME OF SELEUKOS I st , FROM OSTROV (CONSTANȚA COUNTY, ROMANIA

RCAN, 2021

In 1961, an Alexander type stater in the name of Seleukos I was bought by the Numismatic Departme... more In 1961, an Alexander type stater in the name of Seleukos I was bought by the Numismatic Department from the Library of the Romanian Academy. The coin was sold by C. Deculescu, former politician from the interwar period and it was discovered at Ostrov, Constanța County. It belongs to a very rare series of gold coins represented by this single stater (WSM 1335 = SC 56), another lost in commerce, being registered more than 100 years ago (1900 and 1913). There is also a double stater of the same type included in this series (WSM 1334-SC 55), all of them being struck at the end of the 4 th c. BC in an uncertain centre from Cappadocia. The role of these coins seems to be rather ceremonial then financial, related to a special occasion like the foundation of Seleukia on the Tigris in 305-304 BC or the victory over Antigonos Monophtalmos at Ipssos in 301 BC. This discovery is perfectly integrated to the already known horizon of Seleukid coins finds (only tetradrachms) from the same period coming from the hoards discovered at SatuNou (Constanța county), Rasa (Călărași county), Vedea (Giurgiu county) and Hinova (Mehedinți county). Also, the finds of gold Alexanders at the end of the 4 th c. BC are common in the entire area of Lower Danube, the coins coming especially from the territories controlled by Antigonos Monophtalmos, due to the Thracians or Getae warriors fighting as mercenaries in the Diadochi armies. This stater from Seleukos I is a part of the same phenomenon. Rezumat: În anul 1961, Cabinetul Numismatic al Bibliotecii Academiei Române achiziționa un stater de tip Alexandru cel Mare emis în numele lui Seleucos I. Piesa provenea de la C. Deculescu, fost ministru și senator în perioada interbelică, ea fiind descoperită la Ostrov, jud. Constanța, fără să cunoaștem momentul descoperirii. Moneda, de tip WSM 1335 = SC 56, aparține unei serii extrem de rare, reprezentată prin acest singur exemplar (unul similar în comerțul internațional de antichități cu peste un secol în urmă) păstrat și aflat în colecție publică, ca și printr-un dublu stater tip WSM 1334-SC 55, această serie fiind bătută într-un centru necunoscut din Cappadocia, probabil, la finalul sec. IV a.Cr. Rolul pieselor din această serie restrânsă pare să fi fost mai degrabă ceremonial, emiterea fiind legată fie de întemeierea Seleuciei de pe Tigru în anul 305-304 a.Cr., fie de victoria asupra lui Antigonos Monophtalmos la Ipssos în anul 301 a.Cr. Descoperirea se înscrie perfect în seria restrânsă a descoperirilor de monede seleucide de pe linia Dunării de Jos, pentru care menționăm tetradrahmele din tezaurele de la Satu Nou (jud. Constanța), Rasa (jud. Călărași), Vedea (jud. Giurgiu) și Hinova (jud. Mehedinți). Descoperirile de monede de aur de la finele sec. IV Numismatic Department from the Library of the Romanian Academy.

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A New Chronology of Dăeni hoard

BSNR, 2009

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About the Sarmizegetusa hoard from 1998 and the possible chronology of Burebista's campaign to the Black Sea border

A significant discussion about what we know concerning the huge hoard found by the treasure hunte... more

Considerations Regarding the Greek Gold Coins Struck During the 4 to the 1 Centuries BC in the Light of the XRF Analysis

There were published the results of the XRF analysis from the ROMARCHAEOMET program on the 134 He... more There were published the results of the XRF analysis from the ROMARCHAEOMET program on the 134 Hellenistic Gold coins struck between the 4 th and the 1 st century BC with a significant presence in the discoveries from Dacia. The first group is composed by staters from Philip II, Alexander the Great and Philip III struck during the 4 th and the 3 rd centuries BC in the Macedonian kingdom and different cities from the Hellenistic world. The second one contains Lysimachus type staters struck in the Greek cities from the Black Sea region during the 3 rd to the 1 st centuries BC. There were also discussed several aspects concerning the attribution and the chronology of the staters, regarding especially the staters from Istros, Tomis and Kallatis. Rezumat: Sunt publicate rezultatele analizelor efectuate în cadrul programului ROMARCHAEOMET asupra a 134 de monede din aur elenistice bătute în sec. IV-I a.Chr. a căror prezenţă în Dacia a fost semnalată prin mai multe descoperiri. Un prim grup de piese este alcătuit din stateri din aur de tip Filip II, Alexandru cel Mare şi Filip III emişi în sec. IV-III a.Chr. în regatul macedonean şi apoi în diferite oraşe din lumea elenistică. Cel deal doilea grup de emisiuni este alcătuit din stateri de tip Lysimach puşi în circulaţie de oraşele greceşti din zona Mării Negre în sec. III-I a.Chr. Pe baza rezultatelor analizelor sunt discutate o serie de aspecte privind atribuirea şi cronologia staterilor, cu specială privire asupra emisiunilor oraşelor greceşti Istros, Tomis şi Kallatis.

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Emisiunile monetare de aur de tip Lysimach de la Odessos

The Roman Imperial Hoard of Sestertii Found in Dobruja Passim, Ante 2016

JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 2020

A hoard of Roman imperial bronze coins ending with Commodus issues was discovered in Dobruja (sou... more A hoard of Roman imperial bronze coins ending with Commodus issues was discovered in Dobruja (southeastern region of Romania) sometime before 2016. All the coins are sestertii, starting with those of Trajan (2), continuing with Hadrian (17), Antoninus Pius (17), Faustina I the Elder (5), Marcus Aurelius (9, of which one as Caesar), Faustina II the Younger (9, of which one coin issued under Antoninus Pius), Lucilla (3), Commodus (7) and Crispina (1). The latest coin was minted in AD 192. The coins are heavily worn out, with the inscriptions just partially visible and a lighter weight. To the conclusion, the time of hiding should be sometime after AD 192, possible end of the 2nd century AD, within the environment made up by a failing attempt of an Scythians' invasion. The literary sources document their intention to start up an offensive movement in this area. The failure of this initiative seems to have failed due to the weather conditions, heavy rainfalls and thunders, that killed three of their chieftains. The possibility of Scythian invasion ceased the trade connections between the populations of nowadays territory of Romanian Moldova and those leaving within the Roman province of Dacia. This tensioned situation is supported by the horizon of hoards from Moldova and Wallachia, in which the latest coins were issued between AD 193 and AD 196.

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Tezaurul monetar roman imperial descoperit la Abrud, com. Adamclisi, jud. Constanta

Pontica, 2000

Accidentally discovered in September 1982 on the territory of Abrud village (Adamclisi, Constantz... more Accidentally discovered in September 1982 on the territory of Abrud village (Adamclisi, Constantza county), the hoard is kept at the Museum for National History and Archaeology in Constantza. It contains 2060 silver coins(1850 AR, 209 ant. and 1 drachm struck at Caesarea Cappadociae for Septimius Severus) from Vespasianus to Trebonianus Gallus and Volusianus, as follows: Vespasianus 5 AR, Titus 1 AR, Trajan 5 AR, Hadrian 1 AR, Antoninus Pius 24 AR, Antoninus Pius : Diva Faustina 8 AR, Antoninus Pius : Marcus Aurelius Caesar 1 AR, Marcus Aurelius : Divus Antoninus 1 AR, Marcus Aurelius 17 AR, Marcus Aurelius : Faustina II 4 AR, Lucius Verus 1 AR, Lucilla 2 AR, Marcus Aurelius : Commodus Caesar 1 AR, Commodus 71 AR, Commodus : Crispina 2 AR, Pertinax 3 AR, Didius Iulianus : Manlia Scantilla 1 AR, Clodius Albinus 13 AR, Septimius Severus 401 AR, Caesarea Cappadociae : Septimius Severus 1 drh., Septimius Severus : lulia Domna 159 AR, Septimius Severus : Caracalla 174 AR, Caracalla : Plautilla 15 AR, Septimius Severus : Geta 77 AR, Caracalla 55 AR, Caracalla : Geta 2 AR, Caracalla : lulia Domna 12 AR, Macrinus 6 AR, Macrinua : Diadumenianus 4 AR, Elagabal 221 AR, Elagabal : Iulia Soaemias 24 AR, Elagabal : lulia Maesa 61 AR, Elagabal : Cornelia Paula 16 AR, Elagabal : Aquilia Severa 2 AR, Elagabal : Severus Alexander Caesar 1 AR, Severus Alexander 345 AR, Severus Alexander : Orbiana 4 AR, Severus Alexander : lulia Mamaea 83 AR, Maximinus I 24 AR, Maximinus I : Maximus 2 AR, Maximinus I : Paulina 1 AR, Balbinus 1 ant., Gordianus III 95 ant., Philip I 40 ant., Philip I : Otacilia 2 ant., Philip II 2 ant., Decius 46 ant., Decius : Herennia Etruscilla 3 ant., Decius : Herennius Etruscus 7 ant., Decius : Hostilian 4 ant., Trebonianus Callus 7 ant., Trebonianus Gallus : Volusianus 2 ant. The most of these coins are issues from the years 193 to 211 A. D. (808, almost 40 %); 791 of them were struck for Septimius Severus and his family. The Severian issues -1675 coins - represent more than 88 % from the hoard, relatively equal distributed between the years 193-217 (909; 44,12 %) and 217-235 (766; 37,18 %). The other coins of the hoard are preseverian issues (148; 7,18 %) or belong to the years between 235 and 252 (237; 11,50 %). The discovery from Abrud is a classical example of the so-called "accumulation hoard". It has a very different structure than the contemporary discoveries from Camena (Baia, Tulcea county) or from the southern Roman Dacia - Râureni (Rm. Vâlcea, Vâlcea county), Stănesti (Stănesti, Vâlcea county), Strâmtu (Slivilesti, Gorj county), Şisesti (Şisesti, Mehedinti county) - in which the Severian coins represent 20, respectively 30 %. The latest coins from the Abrud hoard were struck for Trebonianus Gallus, 7 (RIC, 41: 3; RIC, 71: 1; RIC, 72: 3) or Volusianus, 2 (RIC, 167). Following the chronology of E. Besly and R. Bland, they belong to the issues IIa (Gallus, RIC, 41), III (Volusianus, RIC, 167) and V (Callus, RIC, 71 and 73) from Rome; the issues II and V are, in fact, contemporary and were struck at the end of the year 251. The hoard confirms the observations regarding the constant appearance in the Balkan discoveries of the issues II - especially Ila - and V together. The presence of a single coin from the III issue, dated at the beginning of the year 252, suggests that the hoard is buried in the first months of the year, probably in winter. .

Monede Romane şi Bizantine descoperie la Nufăru, jud.Tulcea

Pontica, 2002

The authors published 94 coins - Roman, Byzantine and from the Golden Horde-from the collection o... more The authors published 94 coins - Roman, Byzantine and from the Golden Horde-from the collection of the Numismatic Department from the Library of the Romanian Academy, all of them discovered at Nufaru, Tulcea county. We have theree Roman coins, from Probus, Constantine II as Caesar and Justin II, 90 Byzantine issues - Basil II- Constantine VIII 17, Roman III 5, Michael IV 9, Constantine IX 19, Constantine X 13, Roman IV 6, Michael VII 1, Nikephoros III 7, Alexius I 12, John II 1 - and from Nogai one issue. Also, the authors offer for the first time a presentation of all the monetary discoveries from the Roman and Byzantine settlement from Nufăru, Tulcea county (ancient Thalamonium?); 42 of them were stroked during the I to VII centuries A.D. The last two coins are from Heraklius (years 610-611 and 612-613). They confirm the fall of the settlement during the years 614-615 A.D. Fro the next centuries, we can speak about the greatest extent of the settlement during the XI t h century. The next century is basly represented, probably because of the Cuman attack from 1122. A new development is proved by the coins from the XIII t h century (including gold coins from John III), just to the brutal end of the settlement under the Tartar invasion from 1242. So for the second half of the XIII t h century and for the XIV t h century we have only coins of the Golden Horde.

Descoperiri de monede antice şi bizantine