Fahim Shaltout
Member of the Egyptian Organization for Standerization
Supervisors: 1-Mycological evaluation of chicken meat products. M.V.Sc. thesis 1999. -Anaerobic bacteria in some poultry meat products .M.V.Sc. thesis 2000.
Supervisors: 1-Mycological evaluation of chicken meat products. M.V.Sc. thesis 1999. -Anaerobic bacteria in some poultry meat products .M.V.Sc. thesis 2000.
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in all over the world because they contribute to solve the global
food problems and provide the well-known protein, fat, essential
amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients and they also
have a milder flavor which is more readily complemented with
flavoring and sauces. Environmental pollution by heavy metals is
considered as one of the most serious problems in the world over
the last few decades. Emissions of heavy metals to the environment
occur via a wide range of pathways, including air, water and soil,
threatening the animal and human health and quality of the
environment. Heavy metal toxicity could be present in different
ways depending on its route of ingestion, its chemical form, dose,
tissue affinity, age and sex, as well as whether exposure is acute or
chronic and. Nowadays, poultry feed is produced from various raw
materials such as fish by-products that can transfer heavy metals
to poultry feed in undesirable levels following collecting them from
contaminated waters, that may lead to increase of trace metals in
chicken and chicken products with a serious threat because of their
toxicity, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in the food chain.
The main heavy metals of concern are lead, cadmium, copper,
mercury and arsenic which at even low concentrations pose
serious health hazard to primary and secondary consumers due
to bio magnifications. The effects of metals and metalloids are
partly due to the direct inhibition of enzymatic systems and, also
to the indirect alteration of the essential metal ion equilibrium.
Majority of the known metals and metalloids are very toxic to living
organisms and even those considered as essential can be toxic if
present in excess. Moreover, owing to their toxicity persistence and
tendency to accumulate, heavy metals when occurring in higher
concentrations, become severe toxic for human being and all
living organisms through alteration of physiological activities and
biochemical parameters in blood and tissues, and through defects
in cellular uptake mechanisms in the mammalian liver and kidney,
in all over the world because they contribute to solve the global
food problems and provide the well-known protein, fat, essential
amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients and they also
have a milder flavor which is more readily complemented with
flavoring and sauces. Environmental pollution by heavy metals is
considered as one of the most serious problems in the world over
the last few decades. Emissions of heavy metals to the environment
occur via a wide range of pathways, including air, water and soil,
threatening the animal and human health and quality of the
environment. Heavy metal toxicity could be present in different
ways depending on its route of ingestion, its chemical form, dose,
tissue affinity, age and sex, as well as whether exposure is acute or
chronic and. Nowadays, poultry feed is produced from various raw
materials such as fish by-products that can transfer heavy metals
to poultry feed in undesirable levels following collecting them from
contaminated waters, that may lead to increase of trace metals in
chicken and chicken products with a serious threat because of their
toxicity, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in the food chain.
The main heavy metals of concern are lead, cadmium, copper,
mercury and arsenic which at even low concentrations pose
serious health hazard to primary and secondary consumers due
to bio magnifications. The effects of metals and metalloids are
partly due to the direct inhibition of enzymatic systems and, also
to the indirect alteration of the essential metal ion equilibrium.
Majority of the known metals and metalloids are very toxic to living
organisms and even those considered as essential can be toxic if
present in excess. Moreover, owing to their toxicity persistence and
tendency to accumulate, heavy metals when occurring in higher
concentrations, become severe toxic for human being and all
living organisms through alteration of physiological activities and
biochemical parameters in blood and tissues, and through defects
in cellular uptake mechanisms in the mammalian liver and kidney,