During 2019-20 at RPCAU Farm, Pusa, 30 bread wheat genotypes were investigated using a Randomized... more During 2019-20 at RPCAU Farm, Pusa, 30 bread wheat genotypes were investigated using a Randomized Block experimental design with three replications in two different environments: early and timely sown conditions to determine the genetic variability among the wheat genotypes examined in terms of early heat tolerance and grain zinc content. Plant height, seedling length, canopy temperature, tiller / plant, ear length, flag leaf area, relative water content, days to 50% flowering, no. of grain / spike, chlorophyll content, spike fertility, test weight, days to maturity, HI, grain yield / plant, grain zinc content, and heat susceptibility index were among the 17 quantitative traits measured. Variance analysis showed extremely significant variations for all parameters (variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean) among the genotypes under both the sowing conditions. The traits viz., spike length, flag leaf area, tiller per plant, relative water content, and Zn content showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean in both environments, suggesting that simple selection scheme would be successful for these attributes to carry genetic improvement in the desired direction.
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is considered as one key staple food crop in numerous places of our globe n... more Wheat (Triticum spp.) is considered as one key staple food crop in numerous places of our globe not only in terms of the area under cultivation but as a source of food also. It covers all the continents of the globe, engaging 17% of the world acreage of crops and feeds almost 40% populations globally. More than 3 billion population worldwide roughly, experiences the malnutrition problems. Malnutrition of micronutrient, predominantly the deficiency in Zinc and Iron worldwide afflicts more than three billion people. Keeping all the above considerations insight, the current evaluation of genetic diversity in bread wheat was performed for morpho-physiological traits and grain micronutrient content. The total 30 bread wheat genotypes under investigation were grouped into nine clusters. Cluster II included eight genotypes which were the highest followed by cluster I, cluster IV and cluster VII containing 6, 6 and 5 genotypes respectively. However, the rest five clusters namely, cluster III, cluster V, cluster VI, cluster VIII and cluster IX were solitary. The utmost inter-cluster distance was noted between the clusters VII and IX and the least inter-cluster distance was noted between the clusters V and VI. Genotypes RAUW-18-15, RAUW-18-21, DBW 16, BHU 25, RAUW-16-4 were recorded genetically most diverse having the highest intra-cluster distance. The highest contribution in manifesting genetic divergence was revealed by grain Fe content, followed by grain Zn content, days to fifty percent flowering, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, number of grains/ ear. This means, it may be rewarding to execute selection for these traits.
Analysis of genetic diversity and correlation studies on grain yield and its component characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) genotypes
Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replicati... more Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replications during 2019-20, under two different environments, i.e. early and timely sown conditions. The ultimate goal was to determine the relationship between yield and yield contributing traits and classify traits that have the highest direct and indirect effects on grain yield under both environmental circumstances. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with no. of tiller/plant, no. of grains/spike, relative water content, spike fertility, harvest index, grain zinc content and chlorophyll content at the level of both genotype and phenotype; conversely, found significantly negative with canopy temperature and non-significant with days to 50 % flowering and seedling length. Under stress condition, the correlation for grain yield/plant was found significant, and it was correlated positively with no. of tiller/plant, spike fertility, relative water content, harvest index and gr...
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2020
Organic pollutants are continuously disrupting the equilibrium of nature. Polychlorinated Bipheny... more Organic pollutants are continuously disrupting the equilibrium of nature. Polychlorinated Biphenyls are a member of the broad family of man-made organic chemicals well-known as chlorinated hydrocarbons. Due to their chemical stability, high boiling point and electrical insulating properties, non-flammability, Polychlorinated Biphenyls are used in various commercial as well as industrial applications. Polychlorinated Biphenyls residues remain in the ecosystem and bioaccumulate in various organisms due to their persistent nature and resistance against natural breakdown agents. This leads to the enlisting of approximately 209 chlorinated congeners in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention. Their residues have been detected in various environmental components even though their production has been banned for more than a decade. High residues of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in water bodies, aquatic faunas, soils and sediments, air, and biota samples h...
Assesment of divergence among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes based on phenological and physiological traits
Environment Conservation Journal
A study was conducted to understand genetic divergence in Randomized complete block design accomm... more A study was conducted to understand genetic divergence in Randomized complete block design accommodating 30 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes randomly in three replications. These genotypes were evaluated for twenty-seven traits: five phenological, nine agro-morphological, eight physiological traits (from field-trial) and five physiological traits (from laboratory experiment) recorded and subjected to PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis. Among all the studied cultivars, significant diversity, as well as analysis of dispersion, was recorded for different agro-morphological characters. D2-statistic (Tocher method) framed (generalized distance-based) nine clusters: largest with eight and five were oligo-genotypic. Harvest index>seed yield per plant>germination relative index>seedling dry weight contributed maximum towards total divergence. From the most divergent clusters, 21 crosses involving cluster v genotypes (PS-1347, RKS-18, PS-1092, NRC-14...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
The earth undergoes rotation while revolving around the sun. This is responsible for alteration i... more The earth undergoes rotation while revolving around the sun. This is responsible for alteration is of light and dark periods leading to variation in temperature. The variation of day length in different locations has been reported due to the changing of the sun‟s positions to the earth‟s axis. The mechanism that is responsible for the prediction of such light and dark alterations is referred to as the biological clock, or in a more scientific term, the circadian clock after the Latin, “circa diem”, meaning “around or about a day”. The “clock” works in a rhythm of about 24 hours indicating the time of day, which is almost indicative of the length of the day. On the other hand, seasonal variations can also be estimated by calculating day length, which is very highly significant both at the equator and higher latitudes. Erwin Bunning, a German plant physiologist researched circadian rhythms and concluded that these rhythms have an adaptive value (Bünning, 1964).
Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replicati... more Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replications during 2019-20, under two different environments, i.e. early and timely sown conditions. The ultimate goal was to determine the relationship between yield and yield contributing traits and classify traits that have the highest direct and indirect effects on grain yield under both environmental circumstances. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with no. of tiller/plant, no. of grains/spike, relative water content, spike fertility, harvest index, grain zinc content and chlorophyll content at the level of both genotype and phenotype; conversely, found significantly negative with canopy temperature and non-significant with days to 50 % flowering and seedling length. Under stress condition, the correlation for grain yield/plant was found significant, and it was correlated positively with no. of tiller/plant, spike fertility, relative water content, harvest index and gr...
Background: Blackgram is one of the important pulse crops. To improve the yield levels in this cr... more Background: Blackgram is one of the important pulse crops. To improve the yield levels in this crop, studies on combining ability and heterosis are a method to select suitable parents based on their general and specific combing ability and heterotic effects for use in further breeding programmes. Methods: The present investigation was conducted during Kharif 2019. The crosses were made in line × tester mating fashion during the summer season of 2019 for obtaining 15 (Fifteen) crosses. Fifteen hybrids and their parents (3 lines and 5 testers), including one check, were grown and eleven traits were recorded to estimate general and specific combining ability in the modified line × tester method. Result: In the present investigation the predominance of non-additive gene effect in the expression of plant height, no. of clusters per plant, no. of pods per cluster, no. of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index was found. Among pa...
Strategies for mitigation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): A review
Polychlorinated Biphenyls or PCBs belong to a broad family of chlorinated hydrocarbons and find u... more Polychlorinated Biphenyls or PCBs belong to a broad family of chlorinated hydrocarbons and find use across industrial and commercial applications including hydraulic and electrical equipments, plastics, paints, rubber products, dyes, pigments and carbonless copy paper etc. PCB residues persist in the ecosystem and bioaccumulate in food chain due to their persistent nature and resistance against natural breakdown agents. Global case studies suggest widespread contamination of the toxicant. So it becomes the need of an hour to remove polychlorinated biphenyls entirely from the environment. Stepwise, physical, chemical and ecological remediation strategies have been applied but some lacuna in efficient mitigation was felt by various researchers in each of the methods. Therefore, combination of multiple technologies have been suggested. The current review provides the detailed descriptions on the different physical and chemical methods used for removal of PCBs including incineration, na...
An experiment was performed taking 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in the experim... more An experiment was performed taking 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in the experimental area of Wheat Breeding section of DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during the Rabi season of 2019-20 to assess the genotypic and phenotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability, and genetic advance as per cent of mean. Observations were documented for fifteen characters. The evaluation was accomplished in Randomized Block Design. Significant differences were revealed by the analysis of variance among the evaluated genotypes for each of the taken parameters. Manipulation by the environment was extremely scanty in the expression of all the traits as it was marked by slight differences between the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. The characters namely, grain Zn content, grain Fe content, no. of Original Research Article Barman et al.; IRJPAC, 21(22): 1-8, 2020; Article no.IRJPAC.62791 2 tillers per plant, number of grains/ ear an...
During 2019-20 at RPCAU Farm, Pusa, 30 bread wheat genotypes were investigated using a Randomized... more During 2019-20 at RPCAU Farm, Pusa, 30 bread wheat genotypes were investigated using a Randomized Block experimental design with three replications in two different environments: early and timely sown conditions to determine the genetic variability among the wheat genotypes examined in terms of early heat tolerance and grain zinc content. Plant height, seedling length, canopy temperature, tiller / plant, ear length, flag leaf area, relative water content, days to 50% flowering, no. of grain / spike, chlorophyll content, spike fertility, test weight, days to maturity, HI, grain yield / plant, grain zinc content, and heat susceptibility index were among the 17 quantitative traits measured. Variance analysis showed extremely significant variations for all parameters (variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean) among the genotypes under both the sowing conditions. The traits viz., spike length, flag leaf area, tiller per plant, relative water content, and Zn content showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean in both environments, suggesting that simple selection scheme would be successful for these attributes to carry genetic improvement in the desired direction.
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is considered as one key staple food crop in numerous places of our globe n... more Wheat (Triticum spp.) is considered as one key staple food crop in numerous places of our globe not only in terms of the area under cultivation but as a source of food also. It covers all the continents of the globe, engaging 17% of the world acreage of crops and feeds almost 40% populations globally. More than 3 billion population worldwide roughly, experiences the malnutrition problems. Malnutrition of micronutrient, predominantly the deficiency in Zinc and Iron worldwide afflicts more than three billion people. Keeping all the above considerations insight, the current evaluation of genetic diversity in bread wheat was performed for morpho-physiological traits and grain micronutrient content. The total 30 bread wheat genotypes under investigation were grouped into nine clusters. Cluster II included eight genotypes which were the highest followed by cluster I, cluster IV and cluster VII containing 6, 6 and 5 genotypes respectively. However, the rest five clusters namely, cluster III, cluster V, cluster VI, cluster VIII and cluster IX were solitary. The utmost inter-cluster distance was noted between the clusters VII and IX and the least inter-cluster distance was noted between the clusters V and VI. Genotypes RAUW-18-15, RAUW-18-21, DBW 16, BHU 25, RAUW-16-4 were recorded genetically most diverse having the highest intra-cluster distance. The highest contribution in manifesting genetic divergence was revealed by grain Fe content, followed by grain Zn content, days to fifty percent flowering, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, number of grains/ ear. This means, it may be rewarding to execute selection for these traits.
Analysis of genetic diversity and correlation studies on grain yield and its component characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) genotypes
Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replicati... more Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replications during 2019-20, under two different environments, i.e. early and timely sown conditions. The ultimate goal was to determine the relationship between yield and yield contributing traits and classify traits that have the highest direct and indirect effects on grain yield under both environmental circumstances. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with no. of tiller/plant, no. of grains/spike, relative water content, spike fertility, harvest index, grain zinc content and chlorophyll content at the level of both genotype and phenotype; conversely, found significantly negative with canopy temperature and non-significant with days to 50 % flowering and seedling length. Under stress condition, the correlation for grain yield/plant was found significant, and it was correlated positively with no. of tiller/plant, spike fertility, relative water content, harvest index and gr...
International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2020
Organic pollutants are continuously disrupting the equilibrium of nature. Polychlorinated Bipheny... more Organic pollutants are continuously disrupting the equilibrium of nature. Polychlorinated Biphenyls are a member of the broad family of man-made organic chemicals well-known as chlorinated hydrocarbons. Due to their chemical stability, high boiling point and electrical insulating properties, non-flammability, Polychlorinated Biphenyls are used in various commercial as well as industrial applications. Polychlorinated Biphenyls residues remain in the ecosystem and bioaccumulate in various organisms due to their persistent nature and resistance against natural breakdown agents. This leads to the enlisting of approximately 209 chlorinated congeners in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention. Their residues have been detected in various environmental components even though their production has been banned for more than a decade. High residues of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in water bodies, aquatic faunas, soils and sediments, air, and biota samples h...
Assesment of divergence among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes based on phenological and physiological traits
Environment Conservation Journal
A study was conducted to understand genetic divergence in Randomized complete block design accomm... more A study was conducted to understand genetic divergence in Randomized complete block design accommodating 30 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes randomly in three replications. These genotypes were evaluated for twenty-seven traits: five phenological, nine agro-morphological, eight physiological traits (from field-trial) and five physiological traits (from laboratory experiment) recorded and subjected to PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis. Among all the studied cultivars, significant diversity, as well as analysis of dispersion, was recorded for different agro-morphological characters. D2-statistic (Tocher method) framed (generalized distance-based) nine clusters: largest with eight and five were oligo-genotypic. Harvest index>seed yield per plant>germination relative index>seedling dry weight contributed maximum towards total divergence. From the most divergent clusters, 21 crosses involving cluster v genotypes (PS-1347, RKS-18, PS-1092, NRC-14...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
The earth undergoes rotation while revolving around the sun. This is responsible for alteration i... more The earth undergoes rotation while revolving around the sun. This is responsible for alteration is of light and dark periods leading to variation in temperature. The variation of day length in different locations has been reported due to the changing of the sun‟s positions to the earth‟s axis. The mechanism that is responsible for the prediction of such light and dark alterations is referred to as the biological clock, or in a more scientific term, the circadian clock after the Latin, “circa diem”, meaning “around or about a day”. The “clock” works in a rhythm of about 24 hours indicating the time of day, which is almost indicative of the length of the day. On the other hand, seasonal variations can also be estimated by calculating day length, which is very highly significant both at the equator and higher latitudes. Erwin Bunning, a German plant physiologist researched circadian rhythms and concluded that these rhythms have an adaptive value (Bünning, 1964).
Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replicati... more Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replications during 2019-20, under two different environments, i.e. early and timely sown conditions. The ultimate goal was to determine the relationship between yield and yield contributing traits and classify traits that have the highest direct and indirect effects on grain yield under both environmental circumstances. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with no. of tiller/plant, no. of grains/spike, relative water content, spike fertility, harvest index, grain zinc content and chlorophyll content at the level of both genotype and phenotype; conversely, found significantly negative with canopy temperature and non-significant with days to 50 % flowering and seedling length. Under stress condition, the correlation for grain yield/plant was found significant, and it was correlated positively with no. of tiller/plant, spike fertility, relative water content, harvest index and gr...
Background: Blackgram is one of the important pulse crops. To improve the yield levels in this cr... more Background: Blackgram is one of the important pulse crops. To improve the yield levels in this crop, studies on combining ability and heterosis are a method to select suitable parents based on their general and specific combing ability and heterotic effects for use in further breeding programmes. Methods: The present investigation was conducted during Kharif 2019. The crosses were made in line × tester mating fashion during the summer season of 2019 for obtaining 15 (Fifteen) crosses. Fifteen hybrids and their parents (3 lines and 5 testers), including one check, were grown and eleven traits were recorded to estimate general and specific combining ability in the modified line × tester method. Result: In the present investigation the predominance of non-additive gene effect in the expression of plant height, no. of clusters per plant, no. of pods per cluster, no. of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index was found. Among pa...
Strategies for mitigation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): A review
Polychlorinated Biphenyls or PCBs belong to a broad family of chlorinated hydrocarbons and find u... more Polychlorinated Biphenyls or PCBs belong to a broad family of chlorinated hydrocarbons and find use across industrial and commercial applications including hydraulic and electrical equipments, plastics, paints, rubber products, dyes, pigments and carbonless copy paper etc. PCB residues persist in the ecosystem and bioaccumulate in food chain due to their persistent nature and resistance against natural breakdown agents. Global case studies suggest widespread contamination of the toxicant. So it becomes the need of an hour to remove polychlorinated biphenyls entirely from the environment. Stepwise, physical, chemical and ecological remediation strategies have been applied but some lacuna in efficient mitigation was felt by various researchers in each of the methods. Therefore, combination of multiple technologies have been suggested. The current review provides the detailed descriptions on the different physical and chemical methods used for removal of PCBs including incineration, na...
An experiment was performed taking 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in the experim... more An experiment was performed taking 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in the experimental area of Wheat Breeding section of DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during the Rabi season of 2019-20 to assess the genotypic and phenotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability, and genetic advance as per cent of mean. Observations were documented for fifteen characters. The evaluation was accomplished in Randomized Block Design. Significant differences were revealed by the analysis of variance among the evaluated genotypes for each of the taken parameters. Manipulation by the environment was extremely scanty in the expression of all the traits as it was marked by slight differences between the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. The characters namely, grain Zn content, grain Fe content, no. of Original Research Article Barman et al.; IRJPAC, 21(22): 1-8, 2020; Article no.IRJPAC.62791 2 tillers per plant, number of grains/ ear an...
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