Abstract The concept of 'distance'has been of pivotal interest to international business scholars... more Abstract The concept of 'distance'has been of pivotal interest to international business scholars aiming to explain variations in international business strategies and operations across foreign countries. The further a certain host country is away from the origins of a multinational enterprise (MNE), the more it has to manage cultural, regulatory and cognitive differences, and to develop appropriate entry strategies, organizational forms, and internal procedures to accommodate these differences.
ABSTRACT The process of change from a central-plan system to a market economy generates instituti... more ABSTRACT The process of change from a central-plan system to a market economy generates institutions that are incomplete and unstable and in consequence generate high transaction costs. Multinational enterprises entering transition countries have to adapt their strategies to the local institutions and reduce exposure to highly imperfect markets. This paper analyzes how the costs of organizing business in transition environments influence entry mode choice.
ABSTRACT The 1990s have been a period of extraordinary politics in Central and Eastern Europe (CE... more ABSTRACT The 1990s have been a period of extraordinary politics in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This chapter discusses how the transition from state to market has created bureaucratic barriers to entry, but also windows of opportunity for foreign direct investment (FDI). The high costs and high investment risks associated with FDI in CEE are a reflection the institutional development. Thus, inflows of FDI have been largest in those countries that made most progress in establishing a market-oriented institutional framework.
Abstract Economic institutions set a framework within which businesses develop their strategies. ... more Abstract Economic institutions set a framework within which businesses develop their strategies. Variations in institutions thus explain differences in the organizational forms. This applies in particular in emerging economies with institutional frameworks differ not only fundamentally from industrialized economies, but also vary greatly amongst each other. We investigate the impact of institutional variations on business strategies by analyzing the adaptation of outsides, namely foreign investors, to local contexts.
Abstract: This paper explores the impact that foreign investors in the transition economies have ... more Abstract: This paper explores the impact that foreign investors in the transition economies have on the evolution of market relationships. Starting points are the role of networks and the process of enterprise transformation in economic transition. On this basis, the evolution of the supplier network of VW-Skoda is explored and related to world-wide trends in the car industry.
abstract 'Distance'between organizational contexts has been a prime concern of scholarly research... more abstract 'Distance'between organizational contexts has been a prime concern of scholarly research into international business strategies. We extend this research by exploring the complementary roles of institutional and human resource distances on foreign investors' entry strategies.
The concept of 'distance'has been used by international business scholars to explain variations i... more The concept of 'distance'has been used by international business scholars to explain variations in international business strategies and operations across countries. The more distant a host country is from the organizational centre of a multinational enterprise (MNE), the more it has to manage cultural, regulatory and cognitive differences, and to develop appropriate entry strategies, organizational forms, and internal procedures to accommodate these differences.
Abstract A key step of corporate transformation in transition economies is privatization. It dein... more Abstract A key step of corporate transformation in transition economies is privatization. It deinstitutionalizes the firm from its inheritance of state control, and thus opens up new paths of growth. We investigate this process by applying and advancing institutional theory to assess which firms are most likely to undergo this process. In particular, we argue that the external and internal institutional pressures (arising from embeddedness and survival threats) are moderated by the firm's cognitive and material resources.
Abstract We use a cross-case analysis of four Russian oil majors to develop a framework explainin... more Abstract We use a cross-case analysis of four Russian oil majors to develop a framework explaining the relationship between exploitation and exploration learning, and the development of organizational capabilities in transition economies. Our research explains how the changing top management style influences organizational learning over time.
Abstract The rapid emergence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies calls fo... more Abstract The rapid emergence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies calls for a re-assessment of established theories of the MNE. We assess the usefulness of the internationalization process model (IPM), also known as Uppsala model, to explain the recent strategies of emerging economy MNEs.
Abstract: The transformation and integration of acquired businesses is subject to tensions betwee... more Abstract: The transformation and integration of acquired businesses is subject to tensions between radical change to match the strategy and corporate culture of the acquirer, and promoting what is valuable in resources and cultural attributes in the acquired organization. Analysts' disagreement, even within the tradition of the resource-based view of the firm, arises from different conceptualizations of the nature of resources.
1. This paper summarises the findings of a major CNEM (the Centre for New and Emerging Markets) r... more 1. This paper summarises the findings of a major CNEM (the Centre for New and Emerging Markets) research project on the determinants of FDI in Egypt, India, South Africa and Vietnam from 1991 to 2000. A number of complementary research methods were employed, including 12 case studies and a survey covering between 5 and 15% of the population of foreign subsidiaries in the four countries 1. The sectoral distribution firms in the survey are reported in Table 1, and of the cases in Table 2 (see Appendix).
Introduction. Foreign market entries are important stepping stones for [→] MNEs expanding their g... more Introduction. Foreign market entries are important stepping stones for [→] MNEs expanding their global reach and establishing an international network of interdependent business units. Within this network, each [→] subsidiary has a specific role, for instance to provide access to local resources or markets. The design of an entry strategy thus has to match the needs and resources of the MNE with the opportunities and constraints in the local environment.
Until 1989, the countries of the Soviet bloc traded primarily in autarky from the world economy. ... more Until 1989, the countries of the Soviet bloc traded primarily in autarky from the world economy. The small volumes of East-West business were conduced on the basis of counter-trade negotiated with statetrade monopolies (eg Neale and Shipley 1990). Only few Western businesses operated within the region, including Occidental Petroleum and Great Northern Telecom (Jacobsen 1997) who offered services considered vital by the socialist leadership.
Firms have very different roles in socialist and in capitalist societies. Transition fundamentall... more Firms have very different roles in socialist and in capitalist societies. Transition fundamentally changed both the rules of the game and performance criteria by which firms are assessed (Meyer 2001). To achieve competitiveness under the new conditions, firms have to change not only their resource configurations and their skill and capability reservoirs, but also the ways of organising themselves, of interacting with the environment, and of relating to members of the organisation.
Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FFTS), optimized for a wide range of radio astronomical applicati... more Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FFTS), optimized for a wide range of radio astronomical applications. The new digitizer and analyzer boards make use of the latest versions of GHz analogto-digital converters and the most complex field programmable gate array chips commercially available today. These state-ofthe-art chips have made possible to build digital spectrometers with instantaneous bandwidths up to 1.8 GHz and 8192 spectral channels.
Resume: An unintended outcome of transition is the emergence of new forms of governance. Stakehol... more Resume: An unintended outcome of transition is the emergence of new forms of governance. Stakeholders other than shareholders influence corporate management to a higher degree than in mature market economies. Employees gained influence through ownership stakes or work councils, while elsewhere investment funds or governmental authorities retain influence via equity stakes or otherwise.
Corporate strategic choice regarding levels of international and product diversification, and how... more Corporate strategic choice regarding levels of international and product diversification, and how these choices affect performance, is the subject of a large body of strategic management research. However, prior research largely ignores the simultaneous nature of both the relationship between these choices and a firm's decision process, the latter implying that strategic choice is endogenous to a performance relationship.
Abstract The concept of 'distance'has been of pivotal interest to international business scholars... more Abstract The concept of 'distance'has been of pivotal interest to international business scholars aiming to explain variations in international business strategies and operations across foreign countries. The further a certain host country is away from the origins of a multinational enterprise (MNE), the more it has to manage cultural, regulatory and cognitive differences, and to develop appropriate entry strategies, organizational forms, and internal procedures to accommodate these differences.
ABSTRACT The process of change from a central-plan system to a market economy generates instituti... more ABSTRACT The process of change from a central-plan system to a market economy generates institutions that are incomplete and unstable and in consequence generate high transaction costs. Multinational enterprises entering transition countries have to adapt their strategies to the local institutions and reduce exposure to highly imperfect markets. This paper analyzes how the costs of organizing business in transition environments influence entry mode choice.
ABSTRACT The 1990s have been a period of extraordinary politics in Central and Eastern Europe (CE... more ABSTRACT The 1990s have been a period of extraordinary politics in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This chapter discusses how the transition from state to market has created bureaucratic barriers to entry, but also windows of opportunity for foreign direct investment (FDI). The high costs and high investment risks associated with FDI in CEE are a reflection the institutional development. Thus, inflows of FDI have been largest in those countries that made most progress in establishing a market-oriented institutional framework.
Abstract Economic institutions set a framework within which businesses develop their strategies. ... more Abstract Economic institutions set a framework within which businesses develop their strategies. Variations in institutions thus explain differences in the organizational forms. This applies in particular in emerging economies with institutional frameworks differ not only fundamentally from industrialized economies, but also vary greatly amongst each other. We investigate the impact of institutional variations on business strategies by analyzing the adaptation of outsides, namely foreign investors, to local contexts.
Abstract: This paper explores the impact that foreign investors in the transition economies have ... more Abstract: This paper explores the impact that foreign investors in the transition economies have on the evolution of market relationships. Starting points are the role of networks and the process of enterprise transformation in economic transition. On this basis, the evolution of the supplier network of VW-Skoda is explored and related to world-wide trends in the car industry.
abstract 'Distance'between organizational contexts has been a prime concern of scholarly research... more abstract 'Distance'between organizational contexts has been a prime concern of scholarly research into international business strategies. We extend this research by exploring the complementary roles of institutional and human resource distances on foreign investors' entry strategies.
The concept of 'distance'has been used by international business scholars to explain variations i... more The concept of 'distance'has been used by international business scholars to explain variations in international business strategies and operations across countries. The more distant a host country is from the organizational centre of a multinational enterprise (MNE), the more it has to manage cultural, regulatory and cognitive differences, and to develop appropriate entry strategies, organizational forms, and internal procedures to accommodate these differences.
Abstract A key step of corporate transformation in transition economies is privatization. It dein... more Abstract A key step of corporate transformation in transition economies is privatization. It deinstitutionalizes the firm from its inheritance of state control, and thus opens up new paths of growth. We investigate this process by applying and advancing institutional theory to assess which firms are most likely to undergo this process. In particular, we argue that the external and internal institutional pressures (arising from embeddedness and survival threats) are moderated by the firm's cognitive and material resources.
Abstract We use a cross-case analysis of four Russian oil majors to develop a framework explainin... more Abstract We use a cross-case analysis of four Russian oil majors to develop a framework explaining the relationship between exploitation and exploration learning, and the development of organizational capabilities in transition economies. Our research explains how the changing top management style influences organizational learning over time.
Abstract The rapid emergence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies calls fo... more Abstract The rapid emergence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies calls for a re-assessment of established theories of the MNE. We assess the usefulness of the internationalization process model (IPM), also known as Uppsala model, to explain the recent strategies of emerging economy MNEs.
Abstract: The transformation and integration of acquired businesses is subject to tensions betwee... more Abstract: The transformation and integration of acquired businesses is subject to tensions between radical change to match the strategy and corporate culture of the acquirer, and promoting what is valuable in resources and cultural attributes in the acquired organization. Analysts' disagreement, even within the tradition of the resource-based view of the firm, arises from different conceptualizations of the nature of resources.
1. This paper summarises the findings of a major CNEM (the Centre for New and Emerging Markets) r... more 1. This paper summarises the findings of a major CNEM (the Centre for New and Emerging Markets) research project on the determinants of FDI in Egypt, India, South Africa and Vietnam from 1991 to 2000. A number of complementary research methods were employed, including 12 case studies and a survey covering between 5 and 15% of the population of foreign subsidiaries in the four countries 1. The sectoral distribution firms in the survey are reported in Table 1, and of the cases in Table 2 (see Appendix).
Introduction. Foreign market entries are important stepping stones for [→] MNEs expanding their g... more Introduction. Foreign market entries are important stepping stones for [→] MNEs expanding their global reach and establishing an international network of interdependent business units. Within this network, each [→] subsidiary has a specific role, for instance to provide access to local resources or markets. The design of an entry strategy thus has to match the needs and resources of the MNE with the opportunities and constraints in the local environment.
Until 1989, the countries of the Soviet bloc traded primarily in autarky from the world economy. ... more Until 1989, the countries of the Soviet bloc traded primarily in autarky from the world economy. The small volumes of East-West business were conduced on the basis of counter-trade negotiated with statetrade monopolies (eg Neale and Shipley 1990). Only few Western businesses operated within the region, including Occidental Petroleum and Great Northern Telecom (Jacobsen 1997) who offered services considered vital by the socialist leadership.
Firms have very different roles in socialist and in capitalist societies. Transition fundamentall... more Firms have very different roles in socialist and in capitalist societies. Transition fundamentally changed both the rules of the game and performance criteria by which firms are assessed (Meyer 2001). To achieve competitiveness under the new conditions, firms have to change not only their resource configurations and their skill and capability reservoirs, but also the ways of organising themselves, of interacting with the environment, and of relating to members of the organisation.
Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FFTS), optimized for a wide range of radio astronomical applicati... more Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FFTS), optimized for a wide range of radio astronomical applications. The new digitizer and analyzer boards make use of the latest versions of GHz analogto-digital converters and the most complex field programmable gate array chips commercially available today. These state-ofthe-art chips have made possible to build digital spectrometers with instantaneous bandwidths up to 1.8 GHz and 8192 spectral channels.
Resume: An unintended outcome of transition is the emergence of new forms of governance. Stakehol... more Resume: An unintended outcome of transition is the emergence of new forms of governance. Stakeholders other than shareholders influence corporate management to a higher degree than in mature market economies. Employees gained influence through ownership stakes or work councils, while elsewhere investment funds or governmental authorities retain influence via equity stakes or otherwise.
Corporate strategic choice regarding levels of international and product diversification, and how... more Corporate strategic choice regarding levels of international and product diversification, and how these choices affect performance, is the subject of a large body of strategic management research. However, prior research largely ignores the simultaneous nature of both the relationship between these choices and a firm's decision process, the latter implying that strategic choice is endogenous to a performance relationship.
Uploads
Papers by Klaus Meyer