Being new to Microsoft Fabric I noticed that you have multiple options when writing notebooks using Python: run your code with PySpark (backed by a Spark cluster) or with Python (running natively on the notebook's compute). Both options look almost identical on the surface — you're still writing Python syntax either way — but under the hood they behave very differently, and picking the wrong one can cost you time, money, and unnecessary complexity. In this post I try to identify the key differences and give you some heuristics for deciding which engine to reach for. Python vs PySpark: what's actually different? When you select PySpark in a Fabric notebook, your code runs on a distributed Apache Spark cluster. Fabric spins up a cluster, distributes your data across multiple worker nodes, and executes transformations in parallel. The core abstraction is the DataFrame (or RDD), and operations are lazy — nothing actually runs until you trigger an action like .show() ...