Books by Francisco J Eiroa-Orosa
behavior, 44 of whom also exhibited suicidal ideation. Adolescents with cutting behavior were hyp... more behavior, 44 of whom also exhibited suicidal ideation. Adolescents with cutting behavior were hypothesized to demonstrate increased suicide risk, mood, or personality disorder diagnoses and longer inpatient stays. Results: Relative to adolescents without cutting behavior, adolescents with cutting were significantly more likely to present with suicidal ideation (c 2 ¼ 11.33, p ¼ 0.001), a suicide plan (c 2 ¼ 18.40, p < 0.001), and a suicide attempt (c 2 ¼ 4.31, p ¼ 0.038). Adolescents with cutting were notably older (t ¼ À4.50, p < 0.001), more likely to be female (c 2 ¼ 29.68, p < 0.001), more likely to be diagnosed with a primary mood disorder (c 2 ¼ 4.86, p ¼ 0.032) and less likely to be diagnosed with a primary psychotic disorder (c 2 ¼ 5.60, p ¼ 0.018). Contrary to expectations, adolescents with cutting had significantly shorter stays on CAPE (t ¼ 2.02, p ¼ 0.04). Compared with adolescents who exhibited cutting behavior only, those who presented with both cutting and suicidal ideation were significantly more likely to be female (c 2 ¼ 13.02, p < 0.001) and receive a primary diagnosis of a personality disorder (c 2 ¼ 8.65, p ¼ 0.013). Conclusions: The present study affirms the role of cutting as a risk factor associated with suicidality and identifies several demographic and clinical factors that differentiate adolescents with and without cutting. These factors can aid emergency care providers to make decisions regarding patient care.
Las cifras de la violencia política La Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico (CEH) 3 registr... more Las cifras de la violencia política La Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico (CEH) 3 registró 61,648 violaciones a los derechos humanos, de las cuales 6,159 corresponden a desapariciones forzadas. 4 Llegó a la conclusión de que dentro de sus registros, que no son exhaustivos, hubo 42,275 víctimas de una o más violaciones. En conjunto, la CEH estima que hubo más de 200,000 muertos y desaparecidos durante el conflicto armado interno, sumándole las víctimas de los años 1960-1977. 5 De todos los tipos de violaciones a los derechos humanos, los mayores porcentajes corresponden a ejecuciones arbitrarias, privación de libertad, torturas y desaparición forzada, según reporta la CEH 6. Tabla 1. Tipos de violaciones según frecuencias registradas por la CEH
Book Chapters by Francisco J Eiroa-Orosa
Cultivating New Post-secular Political Space, 2020
Inter-disciplinary academic enquiry shares the challenge to explore the social and ethical applic... more Inter-disciplinary academic enquiry shares the challenge to explore the social and ethical applications of research into today's globalised but increasingly complex world. Positive psychology examines how life can be well in this broader enquiry of the social and moral contexts of 'individual' happiness. In this it begins to embrace innovative, qualitative research methods alongside its earlier positivistic, scientific approach, in the social transition to enquire more inductively. This research therefore attempts two things. The substantive research explores how experiences of self-transcendence may emerge in the choice of altruistic values, to 'love an enemy', potentially at cost to personal 'selfhood' in pursuit of a well society. Secondly, it presents the innovative 'aesthetic discourse analysis' as a means to examine the motivational or moral impulse of personhood, where the self becomes 'sensible' to agentic change. It draws on Bakhtin's use of genre, emotional intonation and chronotope to interrogate the 'feltness' of self-conscious motivation. In three focus groups, people who are all committed to the self-transcendent value to love the Other, converse with Others from different backgrounds and belief systems. The research discovers that lived experiences of self-transcendence cooccur with ontological and epistemological reshaping of selfconsciousness.
Cómo afrontar una catástrofe. Percepción de riesgo y factores psicosociales de la adaptación, 2020
Elements of culture and mental health: Critical questions for clinicians, 2012
Bad Pharma isn't funny-unlike the much praised predecessor, Bad Science. Goldacre's style is as s... more Bad Pharma isn't funny-unlike the much praised predecessor, Bad Science. Goldacre's style is as sharp and entertaining as ever, but his tone is more sombre, concerned with the contamination of our evidence base and the harmful consequences for our patients. This is not just about the much discussed shortcomings of Big Pharma alone-regulators, journal editors, academics, doctors and patient organisations are all implicated in a failure to build a transparent, reliable, unbiased and safe knowledge framework for treatment decision-making that doctors and patients can share. His views are persuasive: he is not unearthing some 'cartoonish evil', but surveying instead the myriad practices that conspire to distort and tarnish clinical evidence. There are few out and out villains, as Goldacre points out-rather, there is evidence of ordinary human weakness: laziness, obstinacy, vanity, and plain perversity, often driven by banal self-interest. Just about everything in the book has been written about somewhere elsethe sharp financial practice, misleading trial reporting, withholding of data, bizarre regulatory decisions, dubious marketing-but as far as I know, no one has put it all together so accessibly, or, importantly, constructively. Goldacre offers realistic solutions, every step of the way-and the Afterword outlines a modest prescription for action. Psychiatric issues pepper the book. Goldacre is a member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and well placed to consider such things as the selective reporting of antidepressant trials, deliberately misleading antipsychotic comparisons, and the invention and extension of disease categories for marketing exploitation. A benign side-effect of this book is that it outlines some of the core skills doctors need to help manage information for patients (and themselves). Chapter 1, for example, in addition to showing the impact of withholding unflattering trial data, gives a gentle and concise introduction to systematic review and metaanalysis for the uninitiated; and chapter 4 is almost a training manual for spotting data manipulation in clinical trials: ideal for medical students in general and psychiatrists in particular. Sadly, this sort of wisdom does not match up entirely with contemporary medical curricula around the country, having to compete as it does with modules on 'psychogeography', and 'The Poetry of Thoracic Surgery-a Post-Modern Approach'. And if pharmacology had not disappeared from medical schools, doctors would be better equipped to figure some of this stuff out on their own. Goldacre does not really critique the limitations of systematic review and meta-analysis (where the art of deception can still happily operate, and sometimes does in the political shaping of guidelines), nor does he comment on the frequency with which systematic evidence synthesis simply reveals that there was never any sound evidence in the first place.
Elements of culture and mental health: Critical questions for clinicians, 2012
Psychotherapy, indeed, the very notion of mental health and its treatment are predicated on a mod... more Psychotherapy, indeed, the very notion of mental health and its treatment are predicated on a modernist epistemic paradigm (Doucet, Letourneau, & Stoppard, 2010; Kvale, 1992). Modernism became the dominant epistemic paradigm in the Western World in the 17th century when empiricism and reason replaced the idea of direct revelation from God as a way to approach the truth. Modernism in psychotherapy implies a vision of a practitioner who is value free, objective and unbiased.
Cultural Variations in Psychopathology. From Research to Practice, 2012
Cultural and racial diversity is increasingly becoming a reality in many countries worldwide, to ... more Cultural and racial diversity is increasingly becoming a reality in many countries worldwide, to the extent that nearly every mental health professional will treat patients from other countries, cultures, and/or races. Research from both the US and Europe indicates that immigrants and racial minority patients receive a lower quality of care, which may in part be related to a lack of professional competence. Few, if any, professional training programs prepare trainees to work with racial or cultural diversity. Cultural competence training represents an approach to reducing health disparities framed in the context of the conceptual approach to culture, diversity, and difference. This article presents an interpretive-relational approach to cultural competence conceptualized as a process of self-introspection rather than knowledge gathering. Disparities are understood to stem from both cultural and racial difference, and to that end, the basic concepts of culture and race are defined and their relationship to health disparities explored. Cultural competence training, it is argued, must strive to provide trainees with the tools necessary to overcome the principle barriers to the reception of quality mental health care, and can do so by focusing on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for this process. Because of cultural differences in the way in which mental distress is experienced, expressed, and explained, and because of cultural variation in the expectations of both course and treatment, clinicians must develop a knowledge base about these underlying mechanisms. As racial prejudice contributes significantly to health disparities, it is essential that training is provided that effectively works to reduce the negative impact of racial prejudice rather than a narrative focused on its suppression.
The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Positive Psychology, 2017
A growing number of researchers have explored the positive impact of activism on the well-being o... more A growing number of researchers have explored the positive impact of activism on the well-being of the individuals involved (e.g., Gilster, 2012; Klar & Kasser, 2009). Some have also asked whether there may be specific benefits to being an activist as an adolescent, given
What Determines Harm from Addictive Substances and Behaviours?, 2016
What Determines Harm from Addictive Substances and Behaviours?, 2016
What Determines Harm from Addictive Substances and Behaviours?, 2016
The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Positive Psychology, 2017
The definition of Sociocultural Change One of the origins of the modern study of social change ca... more The definition of Sociocultural Change One of the origins of the modern study of social change can be located in the ideas of progress and cultural evolution introduced by Comte's positivism and Hegelian dialectics, which would eventually give rise to functionalist perspectives. The latter were greatly influenced by evolutionism and are characterized by the need to give consistent and complementary functions to the various components of society, which is understood as a logical entity undergoing continuous improvement. Against this linear view of history, proponents of critical theory, influenced by Max Weber and other postmodernist views, have opted for terms that make more reference to discontinuous change than to evolution. Today, many different terms and concepts are used to refer to changes in political, social, and cultural dynamics. For this reason, especially in psychology, there is little consensus on the use of terms referring to changes at the macro level. Although there is a body of psychological research that has been explicitly carried out in different contexts of social (financial crises, political transitions, contexts of political violence and/or armed conflict, etc.) and cultural (migration from rural to urban areas or between countries, generational changes, globalization, introduction of new communication technologies, etc.) changes, the terminology-even in the literature explicitly referring to change-is clearly heterogeneous. Terms as diverse as political, economic, or social crises or transitions; transformation of societies; periods of instability, and
The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Positive Psychology, Sep 19, 2017
The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Positive Psychology, 2017
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Books by Francisco J Eiroa-Orosa
Book Chapters by Francisco J Eiroa-Orosa
A sample of women with CFS older than 18 years was selected. A clinical interview and a neuropsychological assessment were performed. Row scores were transformed to T scores, based on previously validated local normative data. A T score <40 was considered deficit. About 50% of the patients presented deficits in attention and psychomotor functioning, and 40% in speed of information processing and executive functioning. No differences were found in cognitive functioning between groups of patients with SFC with and without depression. When patients were divided in four groups, according to the length of their illness, no differences were found between them regarding cognitive function. Regression analyses showed that fatigue predicted attention and executive functioning deficits. Likewise, emotional factors predicted the performance in verbal memory.
Based on these data, it was concluded that patients with SFC showed cognitive deficits mainly in attention, speed of information processing, psychomotor and executive functioning. Depression did not explain these cognitive deficits. Length of illness neither predicted cognitive dysfunction. Finally, these deficits seem to be explained by pathophysiological mechanisms of the illness itself (fatigue).
A clinical implication of these results might be the implementation of cognitive rehabilitation programs to mitigate the impact of these deficits in the quality of life of these patients.