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asaad J mirza

Baqai Medical University, Dentistry, Dean faculty of dentistry

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With over 30 years of teaching experience in Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, I have authored 125 publications, including original research papers, case reports, editorials, and informative articles in esteemed national and international peer-reviewed journals and magazines. Also, I have cultivated 40 years of rich clinical experience in the field.
Phone: 03352905885
Address: Faculty of Dentistry,
Baqai Medical University,
Karachi- Pakistan

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Hayfaa Hashim Farah

Istanbul University

University of Hail

Baqai Medical University

Louis W Niessen

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Marita Inglehart

Texas A&M University

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Papers by asaad J mirza

Integrating Salivary Diagnostics: A Need for Dental Education Advancement Review Article

Integrating Salivary Diagnostics: A need for Dental Education Advancemenent

Saliva, a readily accessible bodily fluid, offers a non-invasive window into our health. It can b... more Saliva, a readily accessible bodily fluid, offers a non-invasive window into our health. It can be used to monitor various systemic conditions, from diabetes to cardiovascular disease, and even detect infections like COVID-19 and HIV. Recent advancements in salivary liquid biopsies have shown promise in early cancer detection, particularly for oral and breast cancers. Despite its potential, employing salivary diagnostics is overlooked in dental education. Dental curricula primarily focus on traditional methods like clinical exams and X-rays, neglecting the valuable insights that saliva can provide. This lack of training limits dentists' ability to assess oral health comprehensively. Dental students are not adequately trained in modern caries management techniques. These techniques involve assessing saliva properties, such as flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and bacterial levels, to identify and address risk factors for tooth decay. This lack of training leads to a continued reliance on traditional "drill and fill" methods, which often neglects a broader approach to oral health. To address this, dental schools should integrate salivary diagnostics into their curriculum. This would equip future dentists with the skills to assess salivary parameters to determine the oral and general health status. Adopting this holistic approach, dentists can better understand the connection between oral health and general well-being, leading to improved patient care and preventive measures. Research Opportunities Encouraging students to engage in research projects on salivary diagnostics to drive innovation and evidence-based practice.

Dental care with Takaful solutions

Dental care with Takaful solutions, 2024

Muslims prefer Shariah-compliant insurance (Takaful) over traditional insurance due to its alignm... more

Bridging the Gap: Analyzing the Discrepancy Between Theoretical Knowledge and Clinical Implementation in Modern Caries Management in Existing Dental Education

Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotar... more Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotary and hand instruments to eliminate the affected tooth tissue, creating a cavity that is subsequently filled with biomaterials for restoration purposes. This approach stems from the understanding of caries as an irreversible condition involving the destruction of hard tissues. However, recent evidence reveals caries to be a dynamic ailment characterized by alternating phases of demineralization and remineralization of hard tooth tissues. Contrary to the earlier perception, caries is now recognized as a dynamic disease with a fluctuating balance between factors that protect and promote tooth remineralization, as well as factors that contribute to tooth demineralization. Identified as caries risk factors and indicators, these pathological elements prompt a shift in perspective among cariologists towards managing caries through a medical model. In this medical model, caries is viewed as a multifactorial infectious disease caused by acidogenic bacteria present in the oral cavity. The recommended approach involves preventive strategies such as evaluating patients' caries risk, regulating bacterial levels in saliva, employing various therapeutic agents, remineralizing incipient carious lesions and ultimately restoring cavitated lesions. These strategies not only emphasize prevention but also align with the principles of Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID). Dental students studying in various dental institutions receive theoretical education on existing preventive caries management; however, the practical application of this knowledge is insufficient and requires emphasis through integration into the curriculum.

Regretful Resolution: Manuscript Rejection and Pathways Forward

Acta scientific dental sciences, Sep 30, 2023

Revitalizing Dental Education: Aligning Curriculum with Contemporary Dentistry

Annals of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical & Dental College, Feb 28, 2024

The undergraduate curriculum in Pakistan refers to the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) program o... more

WHY EXISTING DENTAL CURRICULA IN PAKISTAN FALLS SHORT IN FOSTERING IMPERATIVE SOFT SKILLS? SOLUTION, TOWARDS GLOBALIZATION EDITORIAL

WHY EXISTING DENTAL CURRICULA IN PAKISTAN FALLS SHORT IN FOSTERING IMPERATIVE SOFT SKILLS?, 2024

Non curricular (soft) skills are essential for a good dental practice. It is mandatory to be inc... more

Strategic Collaboration for Equitable Oral Health Services in Pakistan

Strategic Collaboration for Equitable Oral Health Services in Pakistan, 2024

Oral health, integral to general well-being, faces disparities in countries with limited healthca... more Oral health, integral to general well-being, faces disparities in countries with limited healthcare access, impacting quality of life, education, and employment. Poor oral health leads to pain, discomfort, and systemic conditions like diabetes and coronary artery disease, exacerbating economic burdens. Addressing these disparities necessitates a collaborative effort involving policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities. However, improving access to affordable oral care presents challenges, requiring infrastructure enhancements. Proposed strategies include community-based interventions, education on preventive measures, and policy reforms to ensure equitable oral health services. By addressing these discrepancies, societies can alleviate unnecessary suffering, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance productivity, ultimately benefiting both individuals and economies.

Green Dentistry practices

Green Dentistry Practices, 2024

Green dentistry, also known as eco-friendly dentistry or sustainable dentistry, has emerged as a ... more Green dentistry, also known as eco-friendly dentistry or sustainable dentistry, has emerged as a vital approach within the dental profession aimed at reducing environmental impact while maintaining high-quality patient care. It encompasses a spectrum of initiatives, including waste reduction, energy conservation, water conservation, and the use of eco-friendly materials and technologies. Through the adoption of digital records, energy-efficient equipment, and renewable energy sources, dental clinics can significantly reduce their energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Revitalizing Dental Education: Aligning Curriculum with Contemporary Dentistry

Revitalizing Dental Education: Aligning Curriculum with Contemporary Dentistry, 2024

Modern dentistry's evolution necessitates continual updates to dental curricula. This abstract hi... more Modern dentistry's evolution necessitates continual updates to dental curricula. This abstract highlights the imperative for adaptation in dental education to align with contemporary trends. Reflecting advancements in technology, materials, and patient-centric care, curricular adjustments are crucial. Incorporating interdisciplinary approaches, such as digital dentistry and minimally invasive techniques, ensures graduates are equipped to meet current and future dental challenges. This abstract underscores the significance of ongoing curriculum evolution to uphold excellence in dental education and practice

BUILDING ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS: INTEGRATING ETHICS INTO THE DENTAL CURRICULUM

by asaad J mirza and Saadia Saad

BUILDING ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS: INTEGRATING ETHICS INTO THE DENTAL CURRICULUM, 2024

The ethical foundation of dental students is crucial in shaping their professional conduct and pa... more The ethical foundation of dental students is crucial in shaping their professional conduct and patient care practices. This abstract explores the multifaceted dimensions of ethical development among dental students. It delves into the core principles of integrity, compassion, and respect that form the bedrock of dental ethics. Ethics education in dental schools encompasses a blend of didactic instruction, clinical training, and experiential learning aimed at instilling moral reasoning and ethical decision-making skills. Key components include understanding patient autonomy, confidentiality, and informed consent, as well as navigating complex issues such as cultural competence and social justice in oral healthcare delivery. Ethical dilemmas often arise in clinical practice, requiring dental students to apply ethical theories and principles to real-world scenarios. The cultivation of ethical mindfulness and professional responsibility is essential for fostering trust between dental practitioners and their patients, thereby upholding the integrity of the dental profession

Technology integration challenges for dentists in Pakistan

Technology integration challenges for dentists in Pakistan, 2024

Dentistry is rapidly evolving, and for dentists to keep pace, they must understand and utilize ad... more

Confronting quackery in dentistry -a pressing need

newspaper article

The field of dentistry has witnessed substantial progress in recent decades, gaining recognition ... more The field of dentistry has witnessed substantial progress in recent decades, gaining recognition as a highly esteemed profession. However, this positive trajectory is overshadowed by the persistent menace of quackery, undermining the profession's integrity. Dentistry faces multifaceted challenges hindering its ability to deliver quality care, with quackery being a foremost concern. These unqualified practitioners, primarily motivated by personal gain, conduct procedures that are not only unnecessary but also hazardous due to their lack of proper education and training. The consequences of patronizing quacks extend beyond needless complications; they contribute to the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C, amplifying the burden on an already beleaguered economy.

An Investigation into the Treatment Approaches for Dental Caries Among Sudanese Clinical Students and Dentists: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study

by asaad J mirza and Hayfaa Hashim Farah

Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is an evidence-based contemporary procedure to arre... more Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is an evidence-based contemporary procedure to arrest, prevent and reverse clinically manifested dental caries. CAMBRA is more preventive and less restorative than conventional way of caries treatment. It has shown promising results in reduction of caries prevalence but it has not been widely accepted by the dentists around the globe, especially in developing countries. Sudanese dentists are no exemption and mostly found treating the caries by old fashioned "drilling and filling" despite the fact they possess updated pedagogic knowledge about modern methods of caries management. This study will help us gather the basic data about the status of caries management in Sudan. If found necessary to bring in any alteration in the caries management modality, strategies will be developed at the curricular level in the University of Khartoum. The aim of this survey was to report on (assess) knowledge of senior dental students, general dental practitioners, postgraduate students and specialist in Conservative and Pediatric Dentistry at Khartoum University about current caries management rules versus their clinical practices. This observational cross-sectional study was purely concerning academics and was done at Khartoum University, the oldest university in the country, where such academic studies can be conducted. A content validated questionnaire was distributed among senior dental students and dentists working in Paediatric and Conservative Departments at Khartoum University. The clinical undergraduate and post graduate students studying at Faculty of Dentistry, Khartoum University in Sudan responded at a modest response rate of 80 % inclusive of both genders. It is evident from the findings of this study that most of the responding students have comprehensive knowledge about clinical management of caries but clinical implementation of this educational knowledge is almost non-existing. Updated pedagogic knowledge about modern methods of caries management were taught to students yet, new strategies will have to be developed at undergraduate level to prepare future dentist well abreast with modern conventions of caries treatment.

Bridging the Gap: Analyzing the Discrepancy Between Theoretical Knowledge and Clinical Implementation in Modern Caries Management in Existing Dental Education

by asaad J mirza and Irshad Afzal

Bridging the Gap: Analyzing the Discrepancy Between Theoretical Knowledge and Clinical Implementation in Modern Caries Management in Existing Dental Education, 2023

Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotar... more Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotary and hand instruments to eliminate the affected tooth tissue, creating a cavity that is subsequently filled with biomaterials for restoration purposes. This approach stems from the understanding of caries as an irreversible condition involving the destruction of hard tissues. However, recent evidence reveals caries to be a dynamic ailment characterized by alternating phases of demineralization and remineralization of hard tooth tissues. Contrary to the earlier perception, caries is now recognized as a dynamic disease with a fluctuating balance between factors that protect and promote tooth remineralization, as well as factors that contribute to tooth demineralization. Identified as caries risk factors and indicators, these pathological elements prompt a shift in perspective among cariologists towards managing caries through a medical model. In this medical model, caries is viewed as a multifactorial infectious disease caused by acidogenic bacteria present in the oral cavity. The recommended approach involves preventive strategies such as evaluating patients' caries risk, regulating bacterial levels in saliva, employing various therapeutic agents, remineralizing incipient carious lesions and ultimately restoring cavitated lesions. These strategies not only emphasize prevention but also align with the principles of Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID). Dental students studying in various dental institutions receive theoretical education on existing preventive caries management; however, the practical application of this knowledge is insufficient and requires emphasis through integration into the curriculum

Laser Dentistry Revolution: Integrating Laser Techniques into the Dental Curriculum

International Journal of Clinical Studies and Medical Case Reports

Laser Dentistry has revolutionize medical profession. In many areas of medical care, Laser techno... more Laser Dentistry has revolutionize medical profession. In many areas of medical care, Laser technology is being successfullly utilized. Its use in dentistry has also been welcomed by the professionals. It is however, surprising to observe that it has not been made part of curriiculum at an undergraduate level in most part of the world.

Self-perceived competence of dental students regarding the management of orofacial pain: a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health, 2021

Background There is limited data on Pakistani dental students perceived competence in managing or... more Background There is limited data on Pakistani dental students perceived competence in managing orofacial pain (OFP). This study aims to evaluate dental students self-perceived competence regarding the management of orofacial pain. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi at randomly selected two public and four private dental schools. This survey was conducted online from November 2020 to December 2020 in six dental schools. A questionnaire link was sent to the 475 students. A chi-square test and independent-sample t-test were conducted to assess the frequency distribution and compare mean scores of knowledge, diagnosis, and management parameters. Results Of the 475 students, 280 students filled the online survey leaving a response rate of 59%. A significant number of fourth-year students, 65 (51%, p = 0.005), feels knowledgeable regarding neuropathic pain compared to third-year students. The majority of the fourth-year students, 100 (78%, p = 0.010), feel comfort...

Tackling oral health inequalities to alleviate economic burden

In a country grappling with glaring socioeconomic disparities, the burden of oral health inequali... more In a country grappling with glaring socioeconomic disparities, the burden of oral health inequalities not only impacts the well-being of individuals but also places a substantial strain on the economy. Pakistan, as the ninth most populous nation globally, faces challenges in delivering equitable healthcare services, making it necessary to address these issues for the collective welfare of its citizens.

Oral Health Sector: A Lucrative Opportunity for Investors

Investment opportunities in the oral health sector in Pakistan are promising due to the growing a... more Investment opportunities in the oral health sector in Pakistan are promising due to the growing awareness of dental hygiene and an increasing focus on healthcare. With a large population and rising disposable incomes, there is a demand for dental services, including preventive care, orthodontics, and cosmetic dentistry. Investing in dental clinics, equipment, and oral care products can capitalize on this trend. Additionally, partnerships with existing healthcare providers or introducing innovative technologies can further enhance the sector's growth potential. Government initiatives to improve healthcare infrastructure also contribute to a favorable investment environment in the oral health sector in Pakistan.

Oral health challenges and economy of Pakistan

Oral health, 2023

Oral health challenges and economy of Pakistan Oral health in Pakistan faces several challenges a... more Oral health challenges and economy of Pakistan Oral health in Pakistan faces several challenges and these challenges are often entangled with several economic factors. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including increased investment in oral healthcare infrastructure, educational initiatives, and public health awareness campaigns. Efforts to alleviate poverty and improve general economic conditions can indirectly contribute to better oral health outcomes by enabling individuals to prioritize their general healthcare as oral health is its integral part. Pakistan is one of the highest populated countries and according to Bureau of Statistics' report of year 2023, it caters more than 242 million individuals. Its population faces a high prevalence of oral diseases, including tooth decay, gum diseases, oral cancers, submucous fibrosis, partial or total edentulism and fluorosis. The economic situation in Pakistan adversely affects oral health of its citizens. High levels of poverty make it challenging for them to afford regular oral and dental checkups and necessary treatments. Oral and dental healthcare is often considered a secondary concern when basic needs such as food and shelter are not met.

Challenging the status quo: The persistent resistance to the medical model of caries management by dental fraternity across the globe

Challenging the status quo: The persistent resistance to the medical model of caries management b... more Challenging the status quo: The persistent resistance to the medical model of caries management by dental fraternity across the globe Dental caries is one of the most common health challenges mankind suffers from. It is caused by the interaction between acidogenic and aciduric bacteria in the mouth and sugars/carbohydrates from edibles. The bacteria produce acid that causes breach in the protective

Integrating Salivary Diagnostics: A Need for Dental Education Advancement Review Article

Integrating Salivary Diagnostics: A need for Dental Education Advancemenent

Saliva, a readily accessible bodily fluid, offers a non-invasive window into our health. It can b... more Saliva, a readily accessible bodily fluid, offers a non-invasive window into our health. It can be used to monitor various systemic conditions, from diabetes to cardiovascular disease, and even detect infections like COVID-19 and HIV. Recent advancements in salivary liquid biopsies have shown promise in early cancer detection, particularly for oral and breast cancers. Despite its potential, employing salivary diagnostics is overlooked in dental education. Dental curricula primarily focus on traditional methods like clinical exams and X-rays, neglecting the valuable insights that saliva can provide. This lack of training limits dentists' ability to assess oral health comprehensively. Dental students are not adequately trained in modern caries management techniques. These techniques involve assessing saliva properties, such as flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and bacterial levels, to identify and address risk factors for tooth decay. This lack of training leads to a continued reliance on traditional "drill and fill" methods, which often neglects a broader approach to oral health. To address this, dental schools should integrate salivary diagnostics into their curriculum. This would equip future dentists with the skills to assess salivary parameters to determine the oral and general health status. Adopting this holistic approach, dentists can better understand the connection between oral health and general well-being, leading to improved patient care and preventive measures. Research Opportunities Encouraging students to engage in research projects on salivary diagnostics to drive innovation and evidence-based practice.

Dental care with Takaful solutions

Dental care with Takaful solutions, 2024

Muslims prefer Shariah-compliant insurance (Takaful) over traditional insurance due to its alignm... more

Bridging the Gap: Analyzing the Discrepancy Between Theoretical Knowledge and Clinical Implementation in Modern Caries Management in Existing Dental Education

Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotar... more Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotary and hand instruments to eliminate the affected tooth tissue, creating a cavity that is subsequently filled with biomaterials for restoration purposes. This approach stems from the understanding of caries as an irreversible condition involving the destruction of hard tissues. However, recent evidence reveals caries to be a dynamic ailment characterized by alternating phases of demineralization and remineralization of hard tooth tissues. Contrary to the earlier perception, caries is now recognized as a dynamic disease with a fluctuating balance between factors that protect and promote tooth remineralization, as well as factors that contribute to tooth demineralization. Identified as caries risk factors and indicators, these pathological elements prompt a shift in perspective among cariologists towards managing caries through a medical model. In this medical model, caries is viewed as a multifactorial infectious disease caused by acidogenic bacteria present in the oral cavity. The recommended approach involves preventive strategies such as evaluating patients' caries risk, regulating bacterial levels in saliva, employing various therapeutic agents, remineralizing incipient carious lesions and ultimately restoring cavitated lesions. These strategies not only emphasize prevention but also align with the principles of Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID). Dental students studying in various dental institutions receive theoretical education on existing preventive caries management; however, the practical application of this knowledge is insufficient and requires emphasis through integration into the curriculum.

Regretful Resolution: Manuscript Rejection and Pathways Forward

Acta scientific dental sciences, Sep 30, 2023

Revitalizing Dental Education: Aligning Curriculum with Contemporary Dentistry

Annals of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical & Dental College, Feb 28, 2024

The undergraduate curriculum in Pakistan refers to the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) program o... more

WHY EXISTING DENTAL CURRICULA IN PAKISTAN FALLS SHORT IN FOSTERING IMPERATIVE SOFT SKILLS? SOLUTION, TOWARDS GLOBALIZATION EDITORIAL

WHY EXISTING DENTAL CURRICULA IN PAKISTAN FALLS SHORT IN FOSTERING IMPERATIVE SOFT SKILLS?, 2024

Non curricular (soft) skills are essential for a good dental practice. It is mandatory to be inc... more

Strategic Collaboration for Equitable Oral Health Services in Pakistan

Strategic Collaboration for Equitable Oral Health Services in Pakistan, 2024

Oral health, integral to general well-being, faces disparities in countries with limited healthca... more Oral health, integral to general well-being, faces disparities in countries with limited healthcare access, impacting quality of life, education, and employment. Poor oral health leads to pain, discomfort, and systemic conditions like diabetes and coronary artery disease, exacerbating economic burdens. Addressing these disparities necessitates a collaborative effort involving policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities. However, improving access to affordable oral care presents challenges, requiring infrastructure enhancements. Proposed strategies include community-based interventions, education on preventive measures, and policy reforms to ensure equitable oral health services. By addressing these discrepancies, societies can alleviate unnecessary suffering, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance productivity, ultimately benefiting both individuals and economies.

Green Dentistry practices

Green Dentistry Practices, 2024

Green dentistry, also known as eco-friendly dentistry or sustainable dentistry, has emerged as a ... more Green dentistry, also known as eco-friendly dentistry or sustainable dentistry, has emerged as a vital approach within the dental profession aimed at reducing environmental impact while maintaining high-quality patient care. It encompasses a spectrum of initiatives, including waste reduction, energy conservation, water conservation, and the use of eco-friendly materials and technologies. Through the adoption of digital records, energy-efficient equipment, and renewable energy sources, dental clinics can significantly reduce their energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Revitalizing Dental Education: Aligning Curriculum with Contemporary Dentistry

Revitalizing Dental Education: Aligning Curriculum with Contemporary Dentistry, 2024

Modern dentistry's evolution necessitates continual updates to dental curricula. This abstract hi... more Modern dentistry's evolution necessitates continual updates to dental curricula. This abstract highlights the imperative for adaptation in dental education to align with contemporary trends. Reflecting advancements in technology, materials, and patient-centric care, curricular adjustments are crucial. Incorporating interdisciplinary approaches, such as digital dentistry and minimally invasive techniques, ensures graduates are equipped to meet current and future dental challenges. This abstract underscores the significance of ongoing curriculum evolution to uphold excellence in dental education and practice

BUILDING ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS: INTEGRATING ETHICS INTO THE DENTAL CURRICULUM

by asaad J mirza and Saadia Saad

BUILDING ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS: INTEGRATING ETHICS INTO THE DENTAL CURRICULUM, 2024

The ethical foundation of dental students is crucial in shaping their professional conduct and pa... more The ethical foundation of dental students is crucial in shaping their professional conduct and patient care practices. This abstract explores the multifaceted dimensions of ethical development among dental students. It delves into the core principles of integrity, compassion, and respect that form the bedrock of dental ethics. Ethics education in dental schools encompasses a blend of didactic instruction, clinical training, and experiential learning aimed at instilling moral reasoning and ethical decision-making skills. Key components include understanding patient autonomy, confidentiality, and informed consent, as well as navigating complex issues such as cultural competence and social justice in oral healthcare delivery. Ethical dilemmas often arise in clinical practice, requiring dental students to apply ethical theories and principles to real-world scenarios. The cultivation of ethical mindfulness and professional responsibility is essential for fostering trust between dental practitioners and their patients, thereby upholding the integrity of the dental profession

Technology integration challenges for dentists in Pakistan

Technology integration challenges for dentists in Pakistan, 2024

Dentistry is rapidly evolving, and for dentists to keep pace, they must understand and utilize ad... more

Confronting quackery in dentistry -a pressing need

newspaper article

The field of dentistry has witnessed substantial progress in recent decades, gaining recognition ... more The field of dentistry has witnessed substantial progress in recent decades, gaining recognition as a highly esteemed profession. However, this positive trajectory is overshadowed by the persistent menace of quackery, undermining the profession's integrity. Dentistry faces multifaceted challenges hindering its ability to deliver quality care, with quackery being a foremost concern. These unqualified practitioners, primarily motivated by personal gain, conduct procedures that are not only unnecessary but also hazardous due to their lack of proper education and training. The consequences of patronizing quacks extend beyond needless complications; they contribute to the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C, amplifying the burden on an already beleaguered economy.

An Investigation into the Treatment Approaches for Dental Caries Among Sudanese Clinical Students and Dentists: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study

by asaad J mirza and Hayfaa Hashim Farah

Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is an evidence-based contemporary procedure to arre... more Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is an evidence-based contemporary procedure to arrest, prevent and reverse clinically manifested dental caries. CAMBRA is more preventive and less restorative than conventional way of caries treatment. It has shown promising results in reduction of caries prevalence but it has not been widely accepted by the dentists around the globe, especially in developing countries. Sudanese dentists are no exemption and mostly found treating the caries by old fashioned "drilling and filling" despite the fact they possess updated pedagogic knowledge about modern methods of caries management. This study will help us gather the basic data about the status of caries management in Sudan. If found necessary to bring in any alteration in the caries management modality, strategies will be developed at the curricular level in the University of Khartoum. The aim of this survey was to report on (assess) knowledge of senior dental students, general dental practitioners, postgraduate students and specialist in Conservative and Pediatric Dentistry at Khartoum University about current caries management rules versus their clinical practices. This observational cross-sectional study was purely concerning academics and was done at Khartoum University, the oldest university in the country, where such academic studies can be conducted. A content validated questionnaire was distributed among senior dental students and dentists working in Paediatric and Conservative Departments at Khartoum University. The clinical undergraduate and post graduate students studying at Faculty of Dentistry, Khartoum University in Sudan responded at a modest response rate of 80 % inclusive of both genders. It is evident from the findings of this study that most of the responding students have comprehensive knowledge about clinical management of caries but clinical implementation of this educational knowledge is almost non-existing. Updated pedagogic knowledge about modern methods of caries management were taught to students yet, new strategies will have to be developed at undergraduate level to prepare future dentist well abreast with modern conventions of caries treatment.

Bridging the Gap: Analyzing the Discrepancy Between Theoretical Knowledge and Clinical Implementation in Modern Caries Management in Existing Dental Education

by asaad J mirza and Irshad Afzal

Bridging the Gap: Analyzing the Discrepancy Between Theoretical Knowledge and Clinical Implementation in Modern Caries Management in Existing Dental Education, 2023

Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotar... more Traditionally, caries has been addressed through surgical means, where the dentist utilizes rotary and hand instruments to eliminate the affected tooth tissue, creating a cavity that is subsequently filled with biomaterials for restoration purposes. This approach stems from the understanding of caries as an irreversible condition involving the destruction of hard tissues. However, recent evidence reveals caries to be a dynamic ailment characterized by alternating phases of demineralization and remineralization of hard tooth tissues. Contrary to the earlier perception, caries is now recognized as a dynamic disease with a fluctuating balance between factors that protect and promote tooth remineralization, as well as factors that contribute to tooth demineralization. Identified as caries risk factors and indicators, these pathological elements prompt a shift in perspective among cariologists towards managing caries through a medical model. In this medical model, caries is viewed as a multifactorial infectious disease caused by acidogenic bacteria present in the oral cavity. The recommended approach involves preventive strategies such as evaluating patients' caries risk, regulating bacterial levels in saliva, employing various therapeutic agents, remineralizing incipient carious lesions and ultimately restoring cavitated lesions. These strategies not only emphasize prevention but also align with the principles of Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID). Dental students studying in various dental institutions receive theoretical education on existing preventive caries management; however, the practical application of this knowledge is insufficient and requires emphasis through integration into the curriculum

Laser Dentistry Revolution: Integrating Laser Techniques into the Dental Curriculum

International Journal of Clinical Studies and Medical Case Reports

Laser Dentistry has revolutionize medical profession. In many areas of medical care, Laser techno... more Laser Dentistry has revolutionize medical profession. In many areas of medical care, Laser technology is being successfullly utilized. Its use in dentistry has also been welcomed by the professionals. It is however, surprising to observe that it has not been made part of curriiculum at an undergraduate level in most part of the world.

Self-perceived competence of dental students regarding the management of orofacial pain: a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health, 2021

Background There is limited data on Pakistani dental students perceived competence in managing or... more Background There is limited data on Pakistani dental students perceived competence in managing orofacial pain (OFP). This study aims to evaluate dental students self-perceived competence regarding the management of orofacial pain. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi at randomly selected two public and four private dental schools. This survey was conducted online from November 2020 to December 2020 in six dental schools. A questionnaire link was sent to the 475 students. A chi-square test and independent-sample t-test were conducted to assess the frequency distribution and compare mean scores of knowledge, diagnosis, and management parameters. Results Of the 475 students, 280 students filled the online survey leaving a response rate of 59%. A significant number of fourth-year students, 65 (51%, p = 0.005), feels knowledgeable regarding neuropathic pain compared to third-year students. The majority of the fourth-year students, 100 (78%, p = 0.010), feel comfort...

Tackling oral health inequalities to alleviate economic burden

In a country grappling with glaring socioeconomic disparities, the burden of oral health inequali... more In a country grappling with glaring socioeconomic disparities, the burden of oral health inequalities not only impacts the well-being of individuals but also places a substantial strain on the economy. Pakistan, as the ninth most populous nation globally, faces challenges in delivering equitable healthcare services, making it necessary to address these issues for the collective welfare of its citizens.

Oral Health Sector: A Lucrative Opportunity for Investors

Investment opportunities in the oral health sector in Pakistan are promising due to the growing a... more Investment opportunities in the oral health sector in Pakistan are promising due to the growing awareness of dental hygiene and an increasing focus on healthcare. With a large population and rising disposable incomes, there is a demand for dental services, including preventive care, orthodontics, and cosmetic dentistry. Investing in dental clinics, equipment, and oral care products can capitalize on this trend. Additionally, partnerships with existing healthcare providers or introducing innovative technologies can further enhance the sector's growth potential. Government initiatives to improve healthcare infrastructure also contribute to a favorable investment environment in the oral health sector in Pakistan.

Oral health challenges and economy of Pakistan

Oral health, 2023

Oral health challenges and economy of Pakistan Oral health in Pakistan faces several challenges a... more Oral health challenges and economy of Pakistan Oral health in Pakistan faces several challenges and these challenges are often entangled with several economic factors. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including increased investment in oral healthcare infrastructure, educational initiatives, and public health awareness campaigns. Efforts to alleviate poverty and improve general economic conditions can indirectly contribute to better oral health outcomes by enabling individuals to prioritize their general healthcare as oral health is its integral part. Pakistan is one of the highest populated countries and according to Bureau of Statistics' report of year 2023, it caters more than 242 million individuals. Its population faces a high prevalence of oral diseases, including tooth decay, gum diseases, oral cancers, submucous fibrosis, partial or total edentulism and fluorosis. The economic situation in Pakistan adversely affects oral health of its citizens. High levels of poverty make it challenging for them to afford regular oral and dental checkups and necessary treatments. Oral and dental healthcare is often considered a secondary concern when basic needs such as food and shelter are not met.

Challenging the status quo: The persistent resistance to the medical model of caries management by dental fraternity across the globe

Challenging the status quo: The persistent resistance to the medical model of caries management b... more Challenging the status quo: The persistent resistance to the medical model of caries management by dental fraternity across the globe Dental caries is one of the most common health challenges mankind suffers from. It is caused by the interaction between acidogenic and aciduric bacteria in the mouth and sugars/carbohydrates from edibles. The bacteria produce acid that causes breach in the protective

Navigating the Academic Publishing Landscape: The Crucial Role of Journal Selection in Maximizing Research Visibility and Access

by asaad J mirza, Arsalan Mirza, and arsalan mirza

As an entrant in research universe, a detnist may face a problem in choosing a right journal fo... more As an entrant in research universe, a detnist may face a problem in choosing a right journal for his/her publication as it significantly
impacts the visibility of the article and access to the research
findings to your target audience. It, therefore, is not a decision to be made without spending enormous time exploring the best available periodical suitable for your publication. A comprehensive guide is given below to choose a journal for publication.