Papers by Margarita Dobreva
Subsequent to the Sultan's edict of 26 December 1826, an Imperial Medical School was inaugurated ... more Subsequent to the Sultan's edict of 26 December 1826, an Imperial Medical School was inaugurated as early as January 1827 with the objective of improving the healthcare of the nascent army. Throughout the decades, the Imperial Medical School proved to be instrumental in shaping the trajectory of modern healthcare in the Ottoman Empire and subsequently in the Republic of Turkey. This article focuses on issues such as the establishment of the Imperial Medical School, its edifices, funding and social activities between 1827 and 1876. It draws on Ottoman documents, newspaper notes and journal comments. It argues that the Imperial Medical School had somewhat limited development options following the unfortunate conflagration of the Galatasaray complex, due to its location in buildings that were not entirely suitable for medical instruction. It is possible that the Sublime Porte's decision to repurpose the edifice designed for it may have contributed to this. Nevertheless, the Imperial Medical School remained committed to its public responsibilities, consistently addressing the most pressing health issues faced by the Ottoman society throughout the 1840s-1870s.
France on the Pages of the Ottoman Mecmua-i Fünun ( Journal of Sciences), June 1862 – June 1867
A... more France on the Pages of the Ottoman Mecmua-i Fünun ( Journal of Sciences), June 1862 – June 1867
A sign of the Ottoman scientific and cultural progress in the Tanzimat years, the journal Mecmua-i Fünun (Journal of Sciences/ Revue scientifique) was published in June 1862 – June 1867 by Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye (Ottoman Society of Science/ Société scientifique ottomane) and offered articles of manifold topics. Some of them were based on the masterpieces of French theologians, philosophers and doctors. Others presented the speeches delivered by French politicians and monarchs. The journal paid attention to the French revolution, Napoléon Bonaparte, the International Universal Exposition and to the construction of the Suez Canal. Many of the notes on France were short news about its development. In fact, all presented French masterpieces discussed universal values and virtues, promoted centuries long by Islam and Christianity. They inspired the audience with religious devotion and love to the country, with obedience to the monarch and laws, expansion of welfare, brotherhood of man and thankfulness, with continuous efforts towards technical headway and ethic maturity. However, even presented in Mecmua-i Fünun, France and its ideas did not set the journal’s tone, that was mainly consistent with the official state policy. The article is based on
all 47 journal issues, available on the digital library of the Türk Tarih Kurumu (Turkish Historical Society/ Société d’histoire turque) in Ankara.
![Research paper thumbnail of Преселението в Русия на земеделци от Северозападна България (1861-1862 г.) [The Emigration of Farmers from North-western Bulgaria to Russia (1861–1862)]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98957949/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An affair that periodically draws the researchers’ attention, the Bulgarian Emigration of 1861–18... more An affair that periodically draws the researchers’ attention, the Bulgarian Emigration of 1861–1862 to Russia offers a couple of aspects that have been not well-studied yet. The article explores the Russian and Ottoman migration policy, the emigration process itself, the role of eminent Bulgarians in the repatriation of the farmer families from Crimea to their villages in North-western Bulgaria and some demographic and economic points of the issue. It bases on documents held at the Oriental Department of the National Library ‘St St Cyril and Methodius’ in Sofia and the Ottoman Archive in Istanbul. It emphasizes that Russia obtained the Ottomans’ formal consent and a Sultan’s edict for the unobstructed emigration of the Bulgarians while applying the reciprocity principle and availing itself of the Sublime Porte’s attempts to save the Crimean Muslims. Despite of the Sultan’s edict the Porte neither urged nor persuaded the farmers of North-western Bulgaria to emigrate. It delicately
sought to deter them from quitting their villages. Aware of its poor local administration and notwithstanding the farmers’ thoughtless and mulish approach the Porte did not renounce their rights as Sultan’s subjects. Moreover, it tried to save them, to repatriate, and then to provide their urgent needs. Once repatriated, many families recovered from the losses within some years and probably some on them witnessed not only the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878, but the initial years of the Principality of Bulgaria.
The Bulgarian Traces, eds.: R. Gradeva, Y. Konstantinova, Istanbul, The Isis Press, 2022, 49-76, ... more The Bulgarian Traces, eds.: R. Gradeva, Y. Konstantinova, Istanbul, The Isis Press, 2022, 49-76, ISBN: 978-975-428-683-0
Following the establishment of the first rüşdiyyes in Istanbul in 1847, the Council of Education ... more Following the establishment of the first rüşdiyyes in Istanbul in 1847, the Council of Education launched an active policy of spreading their network in the entire territory of the Ottoman Empire. Exploring the process, the article pays attention to the edifices that housed them and the attempts to coeducate Muslims and Non-Muslims. Although its initial endeavors failed, the Council of Education did not hesitate and took every opportunity to promote the rüşdiyyes. The growth of the network was influenced by positive and negative factors, natural disasters and political events. The most important problem that slowed down its development was the difficulty to provide quickly an adequate building. Nevertheless, by January 1876 there was a rüşdiyye in almost two-thirds of all Ottoman administrative centres. Nowadays many of the rüşdiyye edifices have been demolished while modernizing the urban environment. The article is based on documents and newspapers kept in the Sts Cyril and Methodius National Library of Bulgaria, the Istanbul Ottoman Archive, the Library of the Turkish Historical Society, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Taksim Atatürk Library, and the Library of the Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies.
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В сборника са включени материали от проведената на 27 и 28 ноември 2019 г. научна конференция на ... more В сборника са включени материали от проведената на 27 и 28 ноември 2019 г. научна конференция на тема "Ежедневието на империите. Средни векове -ХХ век", организирана от Института за исторически изследвания към БАН в рамките на програмата на Института за отбелязване на 150-годишнината от създаването на Българската академия на науките. Конференцията представлява етап от изпълнението на едноименния научен проект на ИИстИ, в който взеха участие учени от Българската академия на науките (Институт за исторически изследвания, Институт за балканистика с Център по тракология), от Националната библиотека "Св. св. Кирил и Методий, Югозападния университет "Неофит Рилски" и Регионалния исторически музей -Благоевград. В изследванията си участниците засягат разнообразни теми и сюжети от живота на различни категории население в няколко империи от времето на Ранното средновековие до средата на ХХ век.
Дългият Осемнадесети век 3. Книгите като събития в Европа и Османската империя., 2020
Throughout the Tanzimat period the Ottomans patterned not only their state
administrative and leg... more Throughout the Tanzimat period the Ottomans patterned not only their state
administrative and legislative structure on a couple of Western European models,
but attempted to translate a range of literary and philosophical works. One of
the most active agents of the process was Münif Pasha. The paper casts light on
three of his translations from French into Ottoman Turkish: some dialogues of
Fenelon, Fontenelle and Voltaire; Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables and Fenelon’s
Abregé des vies des anciens philosophes. The paper launches the suggestion that
Münif Pasha consciously took a part in the attempts to transfer of literature and
philosophical ideas and models from France to the Ottoman Empire. Adaptating
them to the actual needs of the Ottoman society Münif Pasha sought to inspire
the Sultan’s muslim subjects with high ethical values.
One of the most important aspects of the rüşdiyye education is the teachers’ profile that has dra... more One of the most important aspects of the rüşdiyye education is the teachers’ profile that has drawn the researchers’ attention as early as the mid-XX century. The paper sketches the teachers’ attitude to knowledge and the involvement of ulema members at the rüşdiyyes. It is based on state and provincial yearbooks, newspaper notes, treatises, composed by the teachers of the Danube Vilayet, letters and reports drafted by the local Ottoman administration. Some of the documents are held at the National Library “Sts. Cyril and Methodius” in Sofia. Others are preserved at the Ottoman Archive in İstanbul, at the Atatürk Library in İstanbul or the Library of the Turkish Historical Society in Ankara. The paper emphasizes that the Ottoman administration of the Danube Vilayet sought to engage a significant number of well-educated persons (ulema members, graduates of the Pedagogic school of İstanbul or local clerks) whose knowledge and skills could be useful for the headway of the pupils’ instruction. So, it carried out not only the directives of the Ministry of Education, but also guaranteed the spread of the rüşdiyye network and the science in the Danube Vilayet. Some of the teachers were awarded the title “müderris” or “cadi”, others contributed to the literary heritage of the Ottoman Empire.
The paper explores the minimum number of Bulgarians dwelling in Thessaloniki from 1834 throughout... more The paper explores the minimum number of Bulgarians dwelling in Thessaloniki from 1834 throughout 1845. It casts light on their occupations, estates and on the longer and shorter periods of being Thessalonians. It is based on population registers, one of 1834 and the other of 1840, and estate and income registers of 1845 kept at the Ottoman Archives of Istanbul. A copy of the register of 1834 is available at the Historical Archives of Macedonia in Thessaloniki. The analyzed data clearly demonstrate the presence of many Bulgarians in Thessaloniki in the 1834 – 1845 period. By earning their everyday subsistence as merchants, craftsmen or servants they helped the development of the city. Throughout the 1835 – 1845 period the Bulgarian community kept on incorporating new members coming from the Thessaloniki hinterland or from remote settlements and regions. Meanwhile it kept on „excluding“ those of its members who voluntarily quitted the city. Many of the Bulgarians adopted the Thessaloniki dwelling model which did not oblige them to acquire property and rent a room or a house. Others built or bought a house, invested in vineyards, shops and meadows. Only few of them achieved wealth and the right to trade with foreign countries. Despite the persistent instability of the Bulgarian community in the 1834 – 1845 period the perception of Thessaloniki as a migration-friendly settlement with favorable economic environment placed it among the cities that would never be part of Bulgaria, but were deeply involved in its development.
Българският Северозапад в Европа - история и култура , 2019
2. Uluslararası Osmanlı Coğrafyası Arşiv Kongresi, 2019
The paper focuses upon the Ottoman registers, constituting significant part of the fond of Belogr... more The paper focuses upon the Ottoman registers, constituting significant part of the fond of Belogradchik, of Berkovitsa,
of Kula, of Lom, of Oryahovo, of Vidin and of Vratsa. All they are kept at the Oriental Department of the
Bulgarian National Library. The registers cast light on the demography and the economics of the settlements in the
Vidin district. Some registers provide information on the Circassian and Crimean refugees, on the Bulgarians who
emigrated to Russia and then returned to their villages in the Ottoman Empire and on the Gypsies of the Vidin region.
All these registers were prepared according to the laws and the instructions issued by the Sublime Porte. There
are many villages mentioned only in one register and the available data about them do not serve to trace any economic
tendency. The simultaneous study of the property, tithe, sheep and goat registers significantly facilitates the detayled
research on the economic characteristics of the settlement. The analyzed information helps determine the varying
individual positions of the local people at the “poverty-wealth” colleration. Besides, the everyday life of the local
people is to be compared with this in the villages of the same ecological environment, but administratively attached to
the neighbouring small district. That is why, the quickly obtaining of the registers, primary sources of multiple data,
is of immense importance.
In order to ease the detailed and correct research of the local history, to provide the quickly access to the documents
and to bring to light the archival sources inherited from the Ottomans, my paper summaries the registers,
offering information about the different settlements, in 7 appendixes.
The Jews, the Christians and the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire paid significant attention to the ... more The Jews, the Christians and the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire paid significant attention to the relief of the orphans and the poor children. However, none of the Sultan subjects set up an orphanage. From 1839 onwards the Ottoman officials considered the socialization of the orphans, pauper children and delinquents as an essential state affair. As early as 1860s they endeavoured to set up industrial or reform schools (sanayi mektepleri or islahhanes). My paper presents a myriad of sources on the islahhanes of the Danube Vilayet, published in the newspapers or held at the Oriental Department of the Bulgarian National Library. It focuses on the idea to establish islahhanes and on their imperial network until 1876. It summarizes the hypotheses for their origin and the origin of the term " islahhane ". It comments the available information about some West European models of social assistance and the role of Midhat Pasha in the process. It launches the suggestion that the islahhanes or the industrial schools embodied the Ottoman attempt effectively to manage the periodically increasing number of the children in need. Serving as a provincial governor Midhat Pasha sought to carry out the actual state attempt. From 1867-1868 onwards the project was developed by other provincial governors.
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Papers by Margarita Dobreva
A sign of the Ottoman scientific and cultural progress in the Tanzimat years, the journal Mecmua-i Fünun (Journal of Sciences/ Revue scientifique) was published in June 1862 – June 1867 by Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye (Ottoman Society of Science/ Société scientifique ottomane) and offered articles of manifold topics. Some of them were based on the masterpieces of French theologians, philosophers and doctors. Others presented the speeches delivered by French politicians and monarchs. The journal paid attention to the French revolution, Napoléon Bonaparte, the International Universal Exposition and to the construction of the Suez Canal. Many of the notes on France were short news about its development. In fact, all presented French masterpieces discussed universal values and virtues, promoted centuries long by Islam and Christianity. They inspired the audience with religious devotion and love to the country, with obedience to the monarch and laws, expansion of welfare, brotherhood of man and thankfulness, with continuous efforts towards technical headway and ethic maturity. However, even presented in Mecmua-i Fünun, France and its ideas did not set the journal’s tone, that was mainly consistent with the official state policy. The article is based on
all 47 journal issues, available on the digital library of the Türk Tarih Kurumu (Turkish Historical Society/ Société d’histoire turque) in Ankara.
sought to deter them from quitting their villages. Aware of its poor local administration and notwithstanding the farmers’ thoughtless and mulish approach the Porte did not renounce their rights as Sultan’s subjects. Moreover, it tried to save them, to repatriate, and then to provide their urgent needs. Once repatriated, many families recovered from the losses within some years and probably some on them witnessed not only the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878, but the initial years of the Principality of Bulgaria.
https://www.ceeol.com/search/journal-detail?id=8
administrative and legislative structure on a couple of Western European models,
but attempted to translate a range of literary and philosophical works. One of
the most active agents of the process was Münif Pasha. The paper casts light on
three of his translations from French into Ottoman Turkish: some dialogues of
Fenelon, Fontenelle and Voltaire; Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables and Fenelon’s
Abregé des vies des anciens philosophes. The paper launches the suggestion that
Münif Pasha consciously took a part in the attempts to transfer of literature and
philosophical ideas and models from France to the Ottoman Empire. Adaptating
them to the actual needs of the Ottoman society Münif Pasha sought to inspire
the Sultan’s muslim subjects with high ethical values.
of Kula, of Lom, of Oryahovo, of Vidin and of Vratsa. All they are kept at the Oriental Department of the
Bulgarian National Library. The registers cast light on the demography and the economics of the settlements in the
Vidin district. Some registers provide information on the Circassian and Crimean refugees, on the Bulgarians who
emigrated to Russia and then returned to their villages in the Ottoman Empire and on the Gypsies of the Vidin region.
All these registers were prepared according to the laws and the instructions issued by the Sublime Porte. There
are many villages mentioned only in one register and the available data about them do not serve to trace any economic
tendency. The simultaneous study of the property, tithe, sheep and goat registers significantly facilitates the detayled
research on the economic characteristics of the settlement. The analyzed information helps determine the varying
individual positions of the local people at the “poverty-wealth” colleration. Besides, the everyday life of the local
people is to be compared with this in the villages of the same ecological environment, but administratively attached to
the neighbouring small district. That is why, the quickly obtaining of the registers, primary sources of multiple data,
is of immense importance.
In order to ease the detailed and correct research of the local history, to provide the quickly access to the documents
and to bring to light the archival sources inherited from the Ottomans, my paper summaries the registers,
offering information about the different settlements, in 7 appendixes.
A sign of the Ottoman scientific and cultural progress in the Tanzimat years, the journal Mecmua-i Fünun (Journal of Sciences/ Revue scientifique) was published in June 1862 – June 1867 by Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye (Ottoman Society of Science/ Société scientifique ottomane) and offered articles of manifold topics. Some of them were based on the masterpieces of French theologians, philosophers and doctors. Others presented the speeches delivered by French politicians and monarchs. The journal paid attention to the French revolution, Napoléon Bonaparte, the International Universal Exposition and to the construction of the Suez Canal. Many of the notes on France were short news about its development. In fact, all presented French masterpieces discussed universal values and virtues, promoted centuries long by Islam and Christianity. They inspired the audience with religious devotion and love to the country, with obedience to the monarch and laws, expansion of welfare, brotherhood of man and thankfulness, with continuous efforts towards technical headway and ethic maturity. However, even presented in Mecmua-i Fünun, France and its ideas did not set the journal’s tone, that was mainly consistent with the official state policy. The article is based on
all 47 journal issues, available on the digital library of the Türk Tarih Kurumu (Turkish Historical Society/ Société d’histoire turque) in Ankara.
sought to deter them from quitting their villages. Aware of its poor local administration and notwithstanding the farmers’ thoughtless and mulish approach the Porte did not renounce their rights as Sultan’s subjects. Moreover, it tried to save them, to repatriate, and then to provide their urgent needs. Once repatriated, many families recovered from the losses within some years and probably some on them witnessed not only the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878, but the initial years of the Principality of Bulgaria.
https://www.ceeol.com/search/journal-detail?id=8
administrative and legislative structure on a couple of Western European models,
but attempted to translate a range of literary and philosophical works. One of
the most active agents of the process was Münif Pasha. The paper casts light on
three of his translations from French into Ottoman Turkish: some dialogues of
Fenelon, Fontenelle and Voltaire; Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables and Fenelon’s
Abregé des vies des anciens philosophes. The paper launches the suggestion that
Münif Pasha consciously took a part in the attempts to transfer of literature and
philosophical ideas and models from France to the Ottoman Empire. Adaptating
them to the actual needs of the Ottoman society Münif Pasha sought to inspire
the Sultan’s muslim subjects with high ethical values.
of Kula, of Lom, of Oryahovo, of Vidin and of Vratsa. All they are kept at the Oriental Department of the
Bulgarian National Library. The registers cast light on the demography and the economics of the settlements in the
Vidin district. Some registers provide information on the Circassian and Crimean refugees, on the Bulgarians who
emigrated to Russia and then returned to their villages in the Ottoman Empire and on the Gypsies of the Vidin region.
All these registers were prepared according to the laws and the instructions issued by the Sublime Porte. There
are many villages mentioned only in one register and the available data about them do not serve to trace any economic
tendency. The simultaneous study of the property, tithe, sheep and goat registers significantly facilitates the detayled
research on the economic characteristics of the settlement. The analyzed information helps determine the varying
individual positions of the local people at the “poverty-wealth” colleration. Besides, the everyday life of the local
people is to be compared with this in the villages of the same ecological environment, but administratively attached to
the neighbouring small district. That is why, the quickly obtaining of the registers, primary sources of multiple data,
is of immense importance.
In order to ease the detailed and correct research of the local history, to provide the quickly access to the documents
and to bring to light the archival sources inherited from the Ottomans, my paper summaries the registers,
offering information about the different settlements, in 7 appendixes.
Adriyatik’e bağlayan Via Egnatia yolu üzerinde yer alan bir istasyondu.
Tarihî süreçte Bisanthé, Rehaedestus, Rodosto, Tekürtağı, Rodosçuk, Tekfurtağı
ve Tekirdağ gibi isimlerle anılan şehir, sahip olduğu coğrafi konumdan dolayı
önemli bir yerleşim yeri olagelmiştir. Romalılar, Traklar, Bizanslılar, Bulgarlar,
Osmanlılar ve nihayet Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti devirlerini idrak eden şehir,
İstanbul gibi önemli bir şehrin Balkanlara açılan kapısı, Balkanlar içinse İstanbul’dan
önceki son durak mesabesindeydi. Limanı sayesinde gelişen ticaret ve
verimli topraklarında yapılan tarımın can verdiği dinamik ekonomisinden dolayı
şehir, zaman içinde önemli bir siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel merkez haline
gelmiştir.
Tekirdağ, Osmanlı hâkimiyetinde geçen tarihi esas alındığında, hakkında en
çok belge bulunan şehirlerin başında gelmektedir. Ancak bu zengin arşive rağmen
şehrin bugüne kadar bilimsel çalışmalar anlamında hak ettiği ilgiye mazhar olduğunu
söylemek oldukça güçtür. Tekirdağ’ın zengin arşivinin bir ürünü olan bu
kitap, şehir hakkında bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalar için âdeta bir fihrist
mesabesindedir. 48 bilim adamının katkıda bulunduğu bu eserde başta adı şehri-
mize verilen Süleyman Paşa olmak üzere, Tekirdağ’ın fethi, tarihi coğrafyası, eski
çağlarda Tekirdağ; Tekirdağ’da idarî ve ekonomik yapı, demografik ve etnik yapı,
şehirleşme ve kentsel yapı, siyasi hayat, dinî hayat, kültür ve sanat, mimarî tarih,
vakıflar, doğal olaylar, göçler, mülteciler, göçmenler; Osmanlı padişahlarının
buraya gösterdikleri ilgi; seyyahlara göre Tekirdağ; Balkan, I. Dünya ve Kurtuluş
savaşlarında Tekirdağ ile Tekirdağ’ın görsel ve yazılı arşiv kaynakları gibi konular
hakkında orijinal bilgiler bulacaksınız.