Papers by Cengiz Gokbulut
Microchemical Journal, Oct 1, 2023
Buffalo Bulletin, Oct 11, 2017
In Italy buffalo farms adopted intensive breeding techniques, however the high density of animals... more In Italy buffalo farms adopted intensive breeding techniques, however the high density of animals in intensive breeding favours the diffusion of ectoparasites, such as louse. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of the insecticide alphacypermethrin (ACYP) against the buffalo louse, Haematopinus tuberculatus. The study was performed by using louse collected from animals in a commercial buffalo farm located in the Campania region of Southern Italy. Lice (adults and nymphs) were collected from highly infested buffaloes. The ACYP was diluted with physiological solution to different concentrations: 1.5%, 0.75%, 0.37%. A volume of 600 µl of the diluted sample was spread evenly over a filter paper held in the lower half of Petri dish. Ten adult lice and ten nymphs were placed on the top of each filter paper disc. The control groups were treated with physiological solution. Seven replicates were used for each concentration. The louse vitality was assessed at
Food Chemistry, 2006
BACKGROUND: Bream is one of the main farmed freshwater fish species in China. This study aimed to... more BACKGROUND: Bream is one of the main farmed freshwater fish species in China. This study aimed to examine the nucleotide degradation of bream during partial freezing and chilled storage and to assess the possible usefulness of nucleotide ratios (K, Ki, H, P, Fr and G values) as freshness indices in comparison with sensory assessment and total viable counts. RESULTS: Total viable counts were 5.74 and 4.66 log(colony-forming units g −1) on the day of sensory rejection under chilled storage and partial freezing storage respectively. The inosine 5-monophosphate decrease and inosine increase were faster in chilled storage than in partial freezing storage. Hypoxanthine levels increased continuously with time under both storage regimes. Among the nucleotide ratios, the K, Ki, P, G and Fr values were superior to the H value and provided useful freshness indicators for both storage conditions. CONCLUSION: Bream in chilled storage were sensorially acceptable only up to 10 days, compared with 33 days for bream in partial freezing storage. Partial freezing delayed the nucleotide degradation of bream.
Research Square (Research Square), Aug 9, 2023
Background Acute methanol poisoning is a serious condition that can lead to severe illness and fa... more Background Acute methanol poisoning is a serious condition that can lead to severe illness and fatalities, often requiring emergency admission. Methanol, an alcohol derived from wood distillation, nds its applications in various industrial products such as antifreeze, paint thinner and glass cleaner. Every year, countless individuals suffer from disabilities or lose their lives due to methanol poisoning, a substance illicitly produced in Turkey and incorporated into alcoholic beverages for its affordability. Aim This study aims to investigate the effects of methanol poisoning on rats, which claims the lives of numerous individuals annually. Additionally, we aim to evaluate the outcomes of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) treatment combined with ethanol. ILE has emerged as an effective antidote in the resuscitation of hemodynamically unstable patients suffering from drug intoxication, particularly those caused by fat-soluble substances like local anesthetics. By examining the e cacy of ethanol and ILE administration on potential tissue damage in the liver, kidney, and heart due to methanol toxicity in rats, we seek to evaluate the results. Methods A total of 64 male rats were utilized in the study, divided into seven groups: a control group (n = 8), methanol group (n = 10), methanol + ethanol group (n = 10), methanol + ILE group, methanol + ethanol + ILE group (n = 12), ethanol group (n = 8), and ILE group (n = 8). Following the respective treatments, the animals were monitored for ve days, and surviving animals were decapitated for sample collection. Animals at risk of toxicity-induced mortality were decapitated and sampled upon experiencing distress. Blood, brain, eye, and optic nerve samples were obtained for biochemical and pathological examinations. Liver, kidney, heart, and testicular tissue samples were also collected and stored appropriately. Ethical approval was obtained for future studies involving these tissues. This study aims to investigate the acute effects of methanol poisoning on rat tissues, explore the potential impact of ethanol and ILE administration on the liver, kidney, and heart, and assess their effectiveness in mitigating methanol toxicity. Results Regarding liver enzymes, the M + E group exhibited the lowest levels of ALT, AST, and ALP, while LDH levels were lowest in the M + E + ILE group. AST levels were signi cantly lower in the M + E group compared to the Ethanol and ILE groups (p = 0.008 and p = 0.026, respectively), whereas ALT levels were signi cantly lower in the M + E and Ethanol groups than in the Methanol group (p = 0.032 and p = 0.004, respectively). Signi cant differences were observed between the groups in terms of lung infection (p = 0.007), lung congestion compared to Fischer (p = 0.042), and lung brosis compared to Fischer (p = 0.032). Moreover, there was a signi cant difference between the groups regarding kidney congestion (p = 0.0001). Conclusions Administration of ethanol following methanol intoxication resulted in a signi cant reduction, particularly in renal function tests. Notably, lower levels of liver damage parameters, ALT and TP, were observed. Background Methanol, with its chemical structure (CH3OH), is classi ed as one of the simplest aliphatic alcohols. However, it becomes the most hazardous among aliphatic alcohols in cases of acute toxicity. Methanol is particularly dangerous when consumed without the concomitant use of ethanol, and as little as 30-50mL of pure methanol has proven to be fatal (1). After absorption into the bloodstream, methanol undergoes metabolism through rst-order kinetics, with its elimination half-life (t½) serving as a crucial parameter. The elimination half-life represents the time it takes for the body or blood concentration of the toxic compound to decrease by half, indicating the rate of change in plasma or blood concentration over time. As a general guideline, approximately 97% of the toxic substance is eliminated from the body after around ve half-lives. Studies on alcohol detoxi cation have revealed that methanol is eliminated from the blood with a half-life of 2-3 hours (2). Upon entering the body, methanol undergoes enzymatic reactions in the liver, resulting in the formation of toxic metabolites such as formaldehyde and formic acid. Formic acid, six times more toxic than methanol, poses a life-threatening risk. Methanol is converted to formaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. Through the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase and catalase, formaldehyde is further converted into formic acid, which is extremely toxic to the optic nerve and retina (3, 4). Due to the time required for the formation of these toxic metabolites (12-24 hours), there is usually a delay in patients seeking hospital care. By the time patients are admitted, they often exhibit symptoms of wide anion gap metabolic acidosis. Ethanol, used in treatment, competes with methanol for alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde (3-5). Acute methanol poisoning is a life-threatening condition that carries a risk of death and can lead to severe acidosis, visual impairment, and neurological disorders. The onset of symptoms is typically delayed by 12-24 hours, resulting in delays in hospital admission for patients (6, 7). Mild cases of poisoning Author datails
Research in Veterinary Science, Dec 1, 2005
Ivermectin (IVM- Eqvalan paste, 1.87%) and doramectin (DRM-Dectomax 1%) were each administered or... more Ivermectin (IVM- Eqvalan paste, 1.87%) and doramectin (DRM-Dectomax 1%) were each administered orally to donkeys at 200 microgkg(-1) bodyweight. Blood and faecal samples were collected at predetermined times over 30 days and plasma pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion determined. Maximum plasma concentrations (C(max)) of IVM (23.6 ngml(-1)) and DRM (33.9 ngml(-1)) were obtained at (t(max)) 19.2 and 24h, respectively. The area under the concentration curve (AUC) of DRM (228.9 ngdayml(-1)) was significantly larger than that of IVM (119.3 ngdayml(-1)) and mean residence time (MRT) was 6.5 days for IVM and 9.1days for DRM. The highest (dry weight) faecal concentrations (9.33 microgg(-1) - IVM, 12.12 microgg(-1) - DRM) were detected at 55.9 and 48.0 h, respectively and each compound was detected (0.05 microgg(-1)) in faeces between 11h and 9 days following oral administration in donkeys.
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2015
This study was designed to investigate the effect of fasting on the plasma disposition of albenda... more This study was designed to investigate the effect of fasting on the plasma disposition of albendazole (ABZ) in goats following oral administration. A total of 10 goats, aged 5-6 months were used in this study. The animals were allocated into two groups (fasted and fed groups) of five animals each. ABZ was administered orally to animals in two groups at 10 mg/kg bodyweight. Heparinize blood samples were collected between 1 h and 144 h after treatment and the plasma samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography for ABZ, active albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) and inactive albendazole sulphone (ABZSO2) metabolites. ABZ is not detected and ABZSO and ABZSO2 metabolites were present in the samples of fed and fasted animals. Feeding was significantly enhanced the plasma concentration of the ABZSO and ABZSO2 metabolites. The area under the curve (AUC) and half-life (t1/2) of both metabolites were significantly larger and longer in fed compared to fasted animals, respectively. Moreover the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax: 1.06±0.17 µg/ml) of ABZSO2 was also significantly higher in fed group compared with the fasting group (0.72±0.20 µg/ml). The changes in plasma kinetics, reflecting an altered quantitative gastrointestinal absorption or metabolism, were reflected in increased availability of ABZ metabolites in the plasma of fed goats. This could be a strategy to extend the exposure of parasites to the more active metabolite of ABZ and thus to improve the efficacy in goats.
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2015
This study was designed to investigate the effect of fasting on the plasma disposition of albenda... more This study was designed to investigate the effect of fasting on the plasma disposition of albendazole (ABZ) in goats following oral administration. A total of 10 goats, aged 5-6 months were used in this study. The animals were allocated into two groups (fasted and fed groups) of five animals each. ABZ was administered orally to animals in two groups at 10 mg/kg bodyweight. Heparinize blood samples were collected between 1 h and 144 h after treatment and the plasma samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography for ABZ, active albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) and inactive albendazole sulphone (ABZSO2) metabolites. ABZ is not detected and ABZSO and ABZSO2 metabolites were present in the samples of fed and fasted animals. Feeding was significantly enhanced the plasma concentration of the ABZSO and ABZSO2 metabolites. The area under the curve (AUC) and half-life (t1/2) of both metabolites were significantly larger and longer in fed compared to fasted animals, respectively. Moreover the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax: 1.06±0.17 µg/ml) of ABZSO2 was also significantly higher in fed group compared with the fasting group (0.72±0.20 µg/ml). The changes in plasma kinetics, reflecting an altered quantitative gastrointestinal absorption or metabolism, were reflected in increased availability of ABZ metabolites in the plasma of fed goats. This could be a strategy to extend the exposure of parasites to the more active metabolite of ABZ and thus to improve the efficacy in goats.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, Dec 21, 2015
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively in several domesti... more Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively in several domestic animal species for the treatment of a range of musculo-skeletal disorders and soft tissue injuries or inflammatory conditions. These drugs have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Meloksikam (MLX) and carprofen (CRP) are two of the NSAIDs most commonly used by oral administration, which is the preferred route for the treatment of chronic pain and inflammation in dogs. The aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of CRP and MLX in healthy dogs following oral administration at the doses of 2 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 12 client-owned, cross-bred bitches, 2-5 years old and weighing 15-20 kg were used in the study. The animals were allocated into two groups of six such that the mean weight of animals in each group was similar. In Group I, CRP was given orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg and in Group II, MLX was given orally at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected one day prior to drug administration and 1,
Türkderm-Deri Hastalıkları ve Frengi Arşivi, 2017
Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2013
Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 2021
Animal poison control centers receive numerous complaints about possible consumption of substance... more Animal poison control centers receive numerous complaints about possible consumption of substances that can cause deadly toxicities in the home. In recent years, over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and herbal supplements are the most common toxic substances consumed by pets. Removal of the toxin and supportive treatment is recommended in case of exposure to a toxin that does not have a known antidote. There have been many studies in both human and veterinary medicine that supporting the use of intravenous lipid emulsions in the treatment of intoxications. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is an oil-in-water emulsion that consists of egg yolk phospholipids, water, glycerin and various oils such as soybean, fish, coconut and olive oil. It is defined as a microemulsion with a long history of use as a parenteral nutrition formulation in both adult and pediatric patients. Also used as a drug carrier in addition to parenteral nutrition. In recent years, it has be...
TURKDERM, 2017
Background and Design: Homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is known to be related with ... more Background and Design: Homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is known to be related with autoimmunity-inflammation, cardiovascular disease and DNA methylation. In this case-control study, we aimed to determine plasma homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 levels in patients with psoriasis. Materials and Methods: Smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption habits were recorded in adult patients with plaque-type psoriasis and age-and sex-matched controls. Height and weight measurements were performed and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were calculated. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to determine homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: There was no significant difference between psoriasis patients (n=43) and controls (n=47) in body mass index and alcohol and coffee consumption. Smoking rate was significantly high in psoriasis patients. The median PASI score was 10.0 (8.3-12.8). Plasma homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, total cholesterol, triglyseride, ESR and CRP values were not significantly different between patients and the controls. HDL level was low in psoriasis patients (p=0.001). Plasma homocysteine level was higher in males than in females. There was no relationship of homocysteine levels with patient's age, PASI scores, ESR, CRP values and lipids. Homocysteine levels were inversely related with folic acid and vitamin B12 (p=0.000, r=-0.436, p=0.047, r=-0.204, respectively). We did not find any relationship between homocysteine and vitamin B6 levels. Conclusion: There was no increase in plasma homocysteine levels in psoriasis patients we followed up. Homocysteine level increases in inflammatory disorders and this increase is accepted as a cardiovascular disease marker. Homocysteine homeostasis may be balanced in our patients because of the genetic background and/or nutritional habits in this population
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2016
BMC Veterinary Research, May 27, 2015
Background: The aims of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of albendazole sulfoxide ... more Background: The aims of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ-SO, ricobendazole) in goats and sheep at a dose of 5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW), after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations, and to investigate the effects of increased doses (10 and 15 mg/kg BW) on the plasma disposition of ABZ-SO in goats following SC administration. A total of 16 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus, eight males and eight females) and 8 sheep (Ovis aries, four males and four females) 12-16 months old and weighing 20-32 kg, were used. The study was designed according to two-phase crossover study protocol. In Phase-1, eight sheep were assigned as Group I and 16 goats were allocated into two groups (Group II and Group III). ABZ-SO was applied to Group I (sheep) and Group II (goats) animals subcutaneously, and to Group III (goats) animals intravenously, all at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg BW. In Phase-2, the sheep in the Group I received ABZ-SO intravenously in a dose of 5 mg/kg BW; the goats in Group II and Group III received ABZ-SO subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg BW, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at different times between 1 and 120 h after drug administrations. The plasma concentrations of ABZ-SO and its metabolites were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: In goats, the area under the curve, terminal half-life and plasma persistence of ABZ-SO were significantly smaller and shorter, respectively, compared with those observed in sheep following both IV and SC administrations at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW. On the other side, dose-dependent plasma dispositions of ABZ-SO were observed following SC administration at increased doses (10 and 15 mg/kg) in goats. Conclusions: Consequently, ABZ-SO might be used at higher doses to provide higher plasma concentration and thus to achieve greater efficacy against the target parasites.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Pesticide residues are always an unsolved problem in the world despite all kinds of prevention me... more Pesticide residues are always an unsolved problem in the world despite all kinds of prevention measures. The present research work is based on a scientific hypothesis, i.e., "The removal of average pesticide residue is inversely proportional to the thickness of cuticle." The effects of boron-containing products and plant-based surfactants were tested for the removal of five pesticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, metaflumizone, acetamiprid) on tomatoes and apples. Boron-containing products were able to remove the pesticide residues on average between 58.0 and 72.6% in tomatoes and 33.2-58.8% in an apple. While plant-based surfactants removed residues on average between 58.5 and 66.6% in tomatoes and 41.0-53.2% in an apple. The highest removal rate was 72% with etidot at 1%. The solution of 1% C8-C10 provided 66.6% average removal for tomatoes. Less removal was achieved in apples. For an apple, Log K ow and molecular mass (independent variables) were significant with p < 0.01, and the coefficient of determination (R 2) was > 0.87. However, the multiple linear regression analysis for ground colemanite was significant with R 2 of 0.96. In tomatoes, neither Log K ow nor molecular mass as significant. The correlation was found between the physical and chemical properties of pesticides, but it is estimated that the thickness of the cuticle is effective in removing pesticides.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2015
The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effect of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxi... more The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effect of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) against Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice. For this purpose, the natural infection was determined by the cellophane tape (on the anal region), and the centrifugal flotation methods of stool samples in approximately 150 male Swiss albino mice (27 to 35 g). The infected mice (29 animals) were divided into four groups. The animals in the first (G 1) and second groups (G 2) received water and ethanol extracts of pumpkin seeds orally at the dose suggested for human for 7 days, respectively. The mice in the positive control group (G 3) were treated with ivermectin intramuscularly at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. The mice in fourth groups (G 4) received the same amount of serum physiologic orally. The mice were housed in clean polypropylene cages and maintained under standard laboratory conditions at an ambient temperature of 20±2°C with 45% relative humidity and a 12 h light dark cycle. At the eighth day of the study, all animals were killed humanly following inhalation anaesthesia. After euthanasia, the number of parasites in the intestine was counted. Data obtained from the treatment groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. The percentage efficacy of the drugs was calculated. The results of the study showed that the efficacies for water (G 1) or ethanol (G 2) extracts of pumpkin seed and ivermectin were 81, 85 and 91% compared with the negative control, respectively. These results revealed that pumpkin seed has high anthelmintic activity against nematodes as well as its continued use in traditional medicine for the treatment of helminthiasis.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2022
Contamination of the food and especially marine environment with nano/micro-plastic particles has... more Contamination of the food and especially marine environment with nano/micro-plastic particles has raised serious concern in recent years. Environmental pollution and the resulting seafood contamination with microplastic (MP) pose a potential threat to consumers. The absorption rate of the MP by fish is generally considered low, although the bioavailability depends on the physical and chemical properties of the consumed MP. The available safety studies are inconclusive, although there is an indication that prolonged exposure to high levels of orally administered MP can be hazardous for consumers. This review details novel findings about the occurrence of MP, along with its physical and chemical properties, in the marine environment and seafood. The effect of processing on the content of MP in the final product is also reviewed. Additionally, recent findings regarding the impact of exposure of MP on human health are discussed. Finally, gaps in current knowledge are underlined, and the possibilities for future research are indicated in the review. There is an urgent need for further research on the absorption and bioavailability of consumed MP and in vivo studies on chronic exposure. Policymakers should also consider the implementation of novel legislation related to MP presence in food.
Marine Drugs, 2022
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a crystalline, weakly basic, colorless organic substance and is one of the ... more Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a crystalline, weakly basic, colorless organic substance and is one of the most potent marine toxins known. Although TTX was first isolated from pufferfish, it has been found in numerous other marine organisms and a few terrestrial species. Moreover, tetrodotoxication is still an important health problem today, as TTX has no known antidote. TTX poisonings were most commonly reported from Japan, Thailand, and China, but today the risk of TTX poisoning is spreading around the world. Recent studies have shown that TTX-containing fish are being found in other regions of the Pacific and in the Indian Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean Sea. This review aims to summarize pertinent information available to date on the structure, origin, distribution, mechanism of action of TTX and analytical methods used for the detection of TTX, as well as on TTX-containing organisms, symptoms of TTX poisoning, and incidence worldwide.
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Papers by Cengiz Gokbulut