Turkey experiences a mall boom since the end of 1990s. This boom’s impacts are obvious on the con... more Turkey experiences a mall boom since the end of 1990s. This boom’s impacts are obvious on the construction, real estate and shopping sectors. However, surprisingly, the boom helps the movie sector to significantly enlarge as well. This enlargement affects the cultural life of people, in addition to economies created. In this paper, for the first time in the literature, malls’ effects on the movie sector are studied. We construct a theoretical model and support the theoretical findings empirically, by using data from Turkish market and employing instrumental variable-fixed effect techniques. We show that without the mall boom, recent fast expansion in the movie sector in Turkey is not possible.
More than ten years after the deregulation in telecommunications industry, Turkey still has the l... more More than ten years after the deregulation in telecommunications industry, Turkey still has the least penetrated and the least competitive broadband market in Europe. This paper elaborates the poor performance in Turkish broadband market emphasizing on institutional limitations of promoting service-based competition through ladder of investment approach, which is favored by EU Regulatory Framework. It argues that the mentioned type of broadband policy has failed and also delayed facility-based competition. The paper then focuses on potentials and limitations of facility-based competition through next generation access networks.
The aim of the paper is to examine the determinants of broadband internet access in Turkey, and i... more The aim of the paper is to examine the determinants of broadband internet access in Turkey, and in particular, whether the probability of adopting broadband access varies by region. This study also attempts to find out whether there are regional disparities in engaging various online activities. 2012 ICT Household Survey that was conducted and administered by TURKSTAT is used. Probit model of probability of adopting broadband access is estimated and results are in consistent with the earlier studies: Education, gender, age and household size matter. Besides, the probability of adoption in West and Central Turkey is higher than the Eastern Turkey. In the second stage, conditioned on the availability of access, probability of using various online activities is estimated. The results confirm the existence of the regional disparities: Being in the West increases the probability of using online activities that require relatively advanced skills such as searching information and e-banking, while the probability of using time-required entertaining activities is higher for the individuals in the East.
Welfare Implications of Deviation from Network Neutrality: A Price Discrimination Application
ABSTRACT This paper investigates how incentives of network operators to deviate from neutrality m... more ABSTRACT This paper investigates how incentives of network operators to deviate from neutrality may create social costs or benefits in different market structures. The deviation from network neutrality is a general form of discrimination based on charging different prices for non-affiliated content and application providers. In this paper, deviation from network neutrality is formulated as a form of vertical foreclosure. While constructing the model two-sided nature of the internet service, the providing market is considered. The author found that, although monopoly network operators have no incentive to deviate from neutrality, the duopoly network operators have this incentive. Welfare analysis suggests destructive results for almost all participants, hence the total surplus in both market structures. In addition, the analysis for the degree of integration between the network operators and their affiliated content and application providers, suggest some policy proposals to discourage their degree of integration.
Turkey experiences a mall boom since the end of 1990s. This boom’s impacts are obvious on the con... more Turkey experiences a mall boom since the end of 1990s. This boom’s impacts are obvious on the construction, real estate and shopping sectors. However, surprisingly, the boom helps the movie sector to significantly enlarge as well. This enlargement affects the cultural life of people, in addition to economies created. In this paper, for the first time in the literature, malls’ effects on the movie sector are studied. We construct a theoretical model and support the theoretical findings empirically, by using data from Turkish market and employing instrumental variable-fixed effect techniques. We show that without the mall boom, recent fast expansion in the movie sector in Turkey is not possible.
More than ten years after the deregulation in telecommunications industry, Turkey still has the l... more More than ten years after the deregulation in telecommunications industry, Turkey still has the least penetrated and the least competitive broadband market in Europe. This paper elaborates the poor performance in Turkish broadband market emphasizing on institutional limitations of promoting service-based competition through ladder of investment approach, which is favored by EU Regulatory Framework. It argues that the mentioned type of broadband policy has failed and also delayed facility-based competition. The paper then focuses on potentials and limitations of facility-based competition through next generation access networks.
The aim of the paper is to examine the determinants of broadband internet access in Turkey, and i... more The aim of the paper is to examine the determinants of broadband internet access in Turkey, and in particular, whether the probability of adopting broadband access varies by region. This study also attempts to find out whether there are regional disparities in engaging various online activities. 2012 ICT Household Survey that was conducted and administered by TURKSTAT is used. Probit model of probability of adopting broadband access is estimated and results are in consistent with the earlier studies: Education, gender, age and household size matter. Besides, the probability of adoption in West and Central Turkey is higher than the Eastern Turkey. In the second stage, conditioned on the availability of access, probability of using various online activities is estimated. The results confirm the existence of the regional disparities: Being in the West increases the probability of using online activities that require relatively advanced skills such as searching information and e-banking, while the probability of using time-required entertaining activities is higher for the individuals in the East.
Welfare Implications of Deviation from Network Neutrality: A Price Discrimination Application
ABSTRACT This paper investigates how incentives of network operators to deviate from neutrality m... more ABSTRACT This paper investigates how incentives of network operators to deviate from neutrality may create social costs or benefits in different market structures. The deviation from network neutrality is a general form of discrimination based on charging different prices for non-affiliated content and application providers. In this paper, deviation from network neutrality is formulated as a form of vertical foreclosure. While constructing the model two-sided nature of the internet service, the providing market is considered. The author found that, although monopoly network operators have no incentive to deviate from neutrality, the duopoly network operators have this incentive. Welfare analysis suggests destructive results for almost all participants, hence the total surplus in both market structures. In addition, the analysis for the degree of integration between the network operators and their affiliated content and application providers, suggest some policy proposals to discourage their degree of integration.
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Papers by Emin Köksal