Papers by Dr. C. Seenivasan
Aquaculture Reports, 2016
Aquaculture, 2015
ABSTRACT
The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 2014
The present investigation was conducted to assess the suitability of three vegetable oils (sunflo... more The present investigation was conducted to assess the suitability of three vegetable oils (sunflower oil, coconut oil and castor oil) as an alternative dietary lipid source for cod liver oil to culture Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PLs). The experimental feeds contained 40% protein with separately incorporated three vegetable oils and cod liver oil. The feeding trial was conducted on M. rosenbergii PL for 60 days. In the final day of the experimental period, the survival rate, weight gain, length gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of prawns showed no significance (P > 0.05) between sunflower oil and cod liver oil incorporated feed fed groups. The coconut oil and castor oil showed lower performance when compared with cod liver oil. The present result showed biochemical accumulation of total protein, amino acids, carbohydrate and lipid in experimental groups. Also there is no significant difference in ash and mineral (Na + and K +) contents. Among the tested diets, the recorded growth rate and biochemical constituents of sunflower oil and cod liver oil incorporated feed fed groups were similar. The present results revealed that the sunflower oil was on par with cod liver oil. Hence, the sunflower oil can be incorporated in feed formulation for M. rosenbergii PL culture. It can be concluded that the coconut oil and castor oil are not ideal vegetable lipid source with these concentrations which produced lower performance in survival, growth and biochemical compositions of M. rosenbergii PL.
The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 2014
The fishmeal replaced with Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Azolla pinnata and the for... more The fishmeal replaced with Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Azolla pinnata and the formulated diet fed to Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae to assess the enhancement ability of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C and E), enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and lipid peroxidation (LPx) were analysed. In the present study, the S. platensis, C. vulgaris and A. pinnata inclusion diet fed groups had significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the levels of vitamins C and E in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissue. Among all the diets, the replacement materials in 50% incorporated feed fed groups showed better performance when compared with the control group in non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. The 50% fishmeal replacement (best performance) diet fed groups taken for enzymatic antioxidant study, in SOD, CAT and LPx showed no significant increases when compared with the control group. Hence, the present results revealed that the formulated feed enhanced the vitamins C and E, the result of decreased level of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and LPx) revealed that these feeds are non-toxic and do not produce any stress to postlarvae. These ingredients can be used as an alternative protein source for sustainable Macrobrachium culture.
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2014
ABSTRACT The medicinal herbs such as Alternanthera sessilis, Eclipta alba and Cissus quadrangular... more ABSTRACT The medicinal herbs such as Alternanthera sessilis, Eclipta alba and Cissus quadrangularis were used to assess the growth promoting ability, enhancement of muscle biochemical constituents and profiles of amino acid in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. The herbal powders were separately incorporated with basal diet, and these diets were fed to M. malcolmsonii postlarvae for a period of 90 days. At the end of experiments, the survival of prawn significantly improved in herbal incorporated feed. In addition, the growth parameters, such as weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in herbal diets fed groups when compared with control. The activities of digestive enzyme, biochemical constituents, profile of amino acid, energy utilization parameters, concentrations of vitamin C and E were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) elevated in experimental diets fed groups when compared with control. The profiles of essential amino acids were also found elevated in herbal incorporated diets fed PL. Among the three herbs tested, C. quadrangularis incorporated diet fed group showed better performance followed by the E. alba and A. sessilis. The present study suggests that these herbs can be incorporated in artificial feed formulations for Macrobrachium culture.
ABSTRACT A 90 days feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of the combined probiot... more ABSTRACT A 90 days feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of the combined probiotics Bacillus subtilis (BS) and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on the survival, growth, biochemical changes and energy utilization performance of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). The probiotics, BS (3) and SC (4) were taken and mixed, as 1, 2, 3 and 4 % of BS + SC (3:4) was incorporated with basal diet. Diet without probiotics served as control. PL-30 of M. rosenbergii was fed with BS + SC (3:4) incorporated diet for a period of 90 days in triplicates. After the feeding experiment, the growth parameters such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in 3 % BS + SC incorporated diet fed PL group. Similarly, the biochemical composition of the total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid and ash content were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in 3 % BS + SC incorporated diet fed PL group. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate, NH3 excretory rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in 3 % BS + SC incorporated diet fed PL group. However, BS + SC incorporated diet fed PLs produced better growth performance.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2014
ABSTRACT A study was conducted to examine the effects of three probiotics, Lactobacillus sporogen... more ABSTRACT A study was conducted to examine the effects of three probiotics, Lactobacillus sporogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the survival, growth and digestive enzymes activities of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). The probiotics, L. sporogenes (4 %), B. subtilis (3 %) and S. cerevisiae (4 %) were taken and mixed with basal diet. Diet without probiotics served as control. These probiotics diets were fed to M. rosenbergii PL for a period of 60 days. After the feeding trail, the growth parameters such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate were found to be significantly (P \ 0.05) higher in 4 % S. cerevisiae incorporated diet fed PL when compared with control. In the case of feed conversion rate just the reverse was seen (P \ 0.05) at this concentration. This indicates its superior quality among different con-centrations of probiotics tested. Activities of digestive enzymes, such as protease, amylase and lipase were sig-nificantly (P \ 0.05) higher at this concentration (4 % S. cerevisiae). Some of essential and non-essential amino acids also significantly elevated in probiotics supplemented diet fed prawns. This study indicated that probiotics, S. cerevisiae incorporated diets were beneficial for M. ro-senbergii in terms of increasing growth, enzyme and amino acid production.
International Journal of Biology, 2010
Candida albicans were isolated from patients with clinical symptoms of vaginal ulcer. Culture tes... more Candida albicans were isolated from patients with clinical symptoms of vaginal ulcer. Culture test for vaginal swab and scrapings were conducted on Sabouraud's dextrose broth and Sabouraud's dextrose agar plate respectively. Hichrome candida agar culture was used for differential identification of Candida. Smears from vaginal scrapings were prepared for gram staining. The suspected strain of Candida was inoculated on corn meal agar medium for chlamydospore formation. The suspected strain of Candida was inoculated in human serum for germ tube formation. Carbohydrate assimilation and fermentation tests were also conducted. The selected Candida colony was inoculated in YEPD medium for subculture and the cultured organism was harvested. The organisms were homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatant was filtered. The filtrate was extracted in chloroform. The extract was centrifuged and the aqueous phase was dialyzed. The dialyzed crude enolase was subjected to SDS-PAGE. The Sabouraud's dextrose broth inoculated with vaginal swab showed turbid growth. The scraping from vagina showed typical smooth creamy white colonies with a characteristic yeast odour on Sabouraud's dextrose agar plate. On Hichrome candida agar the Candida growth appeared as glistening green colored. Gram stained smears from vaginal scraps showed appearance of fungus as yeast
Aquaculture International, 2014
To assess the growth-promoting potential of three medicinal herbs, Alteranthera sessilis, Eclipta... more To assess the growth-promoting potential of three medicinal herbs, Alteranthera sessilis, Eclipta alba and Cissus quadrangularis, a 90-day feeding trial was conducted on Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae (PL) fed with these herb-incorporated feeds. The growth parameters (survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio) were significantly (P \ 0.05) higher in experimental-diets-fed PL when compared with control. These herbs have acted as appetizer and significantly enhanced the activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase). This in turn significantly (P \ 0.05) influenced the parameters of energy utilization (feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate, metabolic rate and NH 3 excretion rate), which ultimately reflected on significant (P \ 0.05) increases in concentrations of biochemical constituents (total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid, and essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids). Therefore, it was believed that synthesis of protein was activated due to the active principles of these herbs and resulted in growth promotion. In this study, the higher (P \ 0.05) minerals (Na ? and K ?) recorded indicate the fact that their balance was maintained. Similarly, the non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin-C and-E) status were also improved significantly (P \ 0.05) due to herbal incorporation, which provide additional protection. Further, the haemocytes count and population was also found to be higher (P \ 0.05), which ensures prevalence of good host-defence mechanisms in herb-incorporated-feeds-fed PL. Among three herbs tested, C. quadrangularis-incorporated-feed-fed PL showed the best survival, growth and protection as well as production followed by E. alba and A. sessilis. Therefore, these herbs can be incorporated in artificial feed formulations for sustainable development of Macrobrachium culture.
International Journal of …, 2010
The proximate composition of biochemical constituents was analyzed in the muscle of adult male an... more The proximate composition of biochemical constituents was analyzed in the muscle of adult male and female prawns of Macrobrachium rosenbergii collected from two different natural culture sites. This was in the order of moisture > protein > amino acids > carbohydrate > nucleic acids (RNA > DNA) > lipid > fatty acids > ash. The prawns collected from both natural culture sites showed reasonably good proximate composition. This indicates that the wild has provided adequate food source to the prawns. The proportion of total protein, amino acids, lipid, fatty acids, carbohydrate and RNA were found to be higher in female prawns than in the males. In contrast, the proportions of moisture and ash contents were higher in male prawns when compared with females. The level of DNA was found to be unchanged in both male and female prawns. HPTLC analysis of amino acids revealed higher levels of essential amino acids, such as phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, histidine, lysine in female prawns when compared to the male prawns. Similarly, GC analysis of fatty acids showed both polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids levels were found to be higher in female prawns when compared to the males. The variation in muscle constituents between male and female prawn reflects the differences in sex development and their energy requirements for body maintenance during the adult stage. In the present study, nutrition wise, the adult female prawn was as good or better www.ccsenet.org/ijb
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on sur... more This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on survival, growth, biochemical constituents and energy utilization in Macrobrachium rosenbergii PL. Experimental diets were the same in all, except for the variation in probiotic levels. The probiotic B. subtilis was used at 0% (diet 1), 1% (diet 2), 2.0% (diet 3), 3.0% (diet 4) and 4.0% (diet 5) inclusion in the experimental diets. These diets were fed to M. rosenbergii PL for a period of 90 days. The growth parameters, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 3% B. subtilis incorporated diet fed PL followed by other experimental groups than the control. Similarly the biochemical constituents of the protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid and ash content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 3% B. subtilis incorporated diet fed PL. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 3% B. subtilis incorporated diet fed PL. From the results of this experiment, we conclude that B. subtilis can be used as a probiotic in M. rosenbergii culture, to enhance the survival, growth and improved energy utilization performance.
In this study, the live feed, Artemia franciscana naupli was enriched with probiotic bacterium, L... more In this study, the live feed, Artemia franciscana naupli was enriched with probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus sporogenes and fed to the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL) for attaining good survival, growth and contents of biochemical constituents. Artemia was enriched with different concentrations of L. sporogenes (15x10 7 , 30x10 7 , 45x10 7 and 60x10 7 cfu cells) and fed to M. rosenbergii PL (1,5 cm length and 0.03 g weight) for a period of 45 days. The PL fed with 60x10 7 cfu cells of L. sporogenes enriched Artemia produced significantly (P<0.05) higher survival and growth when compared to that of other concentrations of L. sporogenes, and the control fed with un-enriched Artemia. The biomass increase, total weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor and mean conversion ratio were found to be higher in PL fed with L. sporogenes enriched Artemia when compared with control. The enhanced growth performance of PL fed with L. sporogenes was further confirmed by the lower food conversion ratio recorded. The levels of biochemical constituents, such as total protein, amino acids, carbohydrate and lipid contents were found to significantly higher (P<0.05) in PL fed on L. sporogenes enriched Artemia particularly at 60x10 7 cfu cells when compared to that of control. Significantly (P<0.05) higher ash and lower moisture contents were also observed in PL fed with 60x10 7 cfu cells of L. sporogenes enriched Artemia. Therefore, it is evident that 60x10 7 cfu cells of L. sporogenes can be considered as suitable concentration for attaining good survival and growth of M. rosenbergeii PL.
The present study was attempted to examine the combined effects of probiotics, Lactobacillus spor... more The present study was attempted to examine the combined effects of probiotics, Lactobacillus sporogenes (LS), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on survival, growth, biochemical changes and energy utilization performance of the freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii post larvae. The probiotics, L. sporogenes (4), B. subtilis (3) and S. cerevisiae (4) were taken and mixed. 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of LS+BS+SC (4+3+4) was incorporated with basal diet. Diet without probiotics served as control. PL-30 of M. rosenbergii was fed with LS+BS+SC (4+3+4) incorporated diet for a period of 90 days. The growth parameters, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed post larvae (PL) followed by other experimental groups when compared with control. Whereas, the feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL. Similarly the tissues biochemical composition such as protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL. However, insignificant difference was recorded in moisture content between control and experimental groups. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate, NH 3 excretory rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL. Therefore, the probiotics 3% LS+BS+SC incorporated diet fed PL was produced better growth performance.
A probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was incorporated in basal diet prepared with fish mea... more A probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was incorporated in basal diet prepared with fish meal, soybean meal, groundnut oil cake, corn flour, tapioca flour, egg albumin, cod liver oil and vitamin Bcomplex, at four different concentrations (10g, 20g, 30g and 40g kg -1 ) and fed to Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL) for 90 days. The effect of this probiotic incorporation on the growth and survival performances, concentration of protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid, and energy utilization was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher at 40g kg -1 followed by 30g, 20g and 10g kg -1 . 40g kg -1 S. cerevisiae incorporation was found to be established the highest rate of colony formation, 234x10 -4 cfu (colony formation units). Actually, presence of Bacillus spp., Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae were deducted in water medium and the PL gut of control group. There is a general belief that Pseudomonas spp. and K. pneumonia are pathogenic to prawns. The establishment of S. cerevisiae colony in the gut of experimental PL has eradicated these pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is suggested that establishment of S. cerevisiae colony has led to better growth, survival and biochemical constituents in M. rosenbergii PL. Thus, S. cerevisiae could be taken as a useful probiotic in M. rosenbergii culture.
A 90-day feeding experiment was studied to determine the influence of the bacterial combination L... more A 90-day feeding experiment was studied to determine the influence of the bacterial combination Lactobacillus sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis (LS+BS) on survival, growth, biochemical constituents and energy utilization performance of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). Experimental diets were the same, except for the variation in probiotic levels. The probiotics LS+BS (4:3) were used at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% inclusion rates in the experimental diets. After the feeding trail, the growth parameters of the PLs, such as survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet as compared with control. The food conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. The biochemical composition of the total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid ash content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet. However, insignificant difference was recorded in moisture content between control and experimental groups. The energy utilization parameters, such as feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate and metabolic rate were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 4% LS+BS incorporated diet fed PL. These results revealed the benefits of the incorporation of the probiotic (LS+BS) in aqua feed for M. rosenbergii PL.
The efficacy of combined probiotics, Lactobacillus sporogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LS+SC... more The efficacy of combined probiotics, Lactobacillus sporogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LS+SC) on survival, growth, biochemical changes and energy utilization of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL) was examined. Each probiotic organism was individually tested at four different concentrations (1-4%) separately. The best concentration in each probiotic species was combined and tested for its suitability in aquaculture usage. The basal diet was incorporated with probiotics, LS+SC (4:4) at five different concentrations 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. These diets were fed to M. rosenbergii PL for a period of 90 days. After the feeding trail, 2% LS+SC incorporated diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher survival, WG, SGR, FCE and PER compared with other experimental groups than the control. Whereas, the FCR was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 2% LS+SC incorporated diet fed PL. Similarly the proximate composition of the protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid and ash content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 2% LS+SC incorporated diet fed PL than the control. The energy utilization parameters were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 2% LS+SC incorporated diet fed PL than the control. This study indicated that combined probiotics, LS+SC incorporated diets were beneficial for M. rosenbergii in terms of increasing growth and enhancing energy utilization performances.
Books by Dr. C. Seenivasan
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Papers by Dr. C. Seenivasan
Books by Dr. C. Seenivasan