I thought of Ed Bryant’s quote—and Yogi Berra’s and Niels Bohr’s and user1202136—while reading The Running Man by Richard Bachman, a pulp science fiction novel published in 1982, set in 2025. The Running Man was the last of Bachman’s novels to be published before the author’s true identity was revealed: Stephen King, who had been using the pseudonym as something of a literary petri dish between 1977 and 1984. The Bachman books—Thinner, Rage, The Long Walk, The Running Man, and Roadwork—are early works by King. (King would later “discover” two more Bachman novels in 1996 and 2007.) What Bachman published was angry, opinionated, and breathless in its sketching of a mercenary, crumbling world. In an essay attached to more recent editions of The Running Man, King writes, “Dark-toned, despairing even when he is laughing (despairing most when he is laughing, in fact), Richard Bachman isn’t a fellow I’d want to be all the time … but it’s good to have that option, that window on the world, polarized though it may be.”
More than forty years on, The Running Man’s success lies, in part, in that it’s a sturdy fable about the shittiness of the world, a pulp novel with a distinctly socioeconomic outlook. It focuses on perennial themes of American discontent: white male rage, the desensitization to and hunger for violence, the frustration with yet desire for revolution. Set in a totalitarian United States where the populace is enthralled by a series of brutal reality shows run by the Network, poverty is high and pollution blankets the land. The novel boasts canny similarities to the present: over-armed and trigger-happy police, telemedicine, rampant disinformation, sensationalist news, entertainment holograms. One feature of The Running Man’s world is the ubiquitous Free-Vee, essentially a high-concept television much like the hypnotic parlor walls in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, that runs the Network’s highly addictive and cruel programming constantly.
Drab, violent, and bereft of anything resembling hope, The Running Man is a vehicle for righteous anger, not at some vague imbalance in the world, but the very structure of it. The Network’s carnival of cruelty could fairly be seen as a predecessor to the battle royale genre, though its repressive methods are more in line with Jerry Springer than The Hunger Games. One show called Treadmill to Bucks features contestants with chronic heart, liver, or lung disease. For every minute the contestant stays on the treadmill while answering the host’s questions, they win ten dollars (King’s predictive powers don’t account for inflation). Every two minutes comes a bonus question worth fifty dollars. Miss a question, lose fifty dollars—and be forced to walk faster until you drop.
Meanwhile, the blockbuster titular show, which the novel’s protagonist Ben Richards enters in order to afford to buy medicine for his ailing daughter, sets a contestant on a nationwide game of hide-and-seek, where every hour Richards isn’t caught by the Network’s Hunters, he earns one hundred dollars. Bonus Benjamins for every cop or Hunter he kills. Through audiovisual manipulation of photos and video, the Running Man’s host, Bobby Thompson, frames Richards as a libidinous murderer on a psychotic rampage, inciting the in-studio crowd to jeer and boo, while urging the audience watching at home to report any information they might have about Richards’ whereabouts to the Network.
Five years after The Running Man’s publication and two years after Bachman was outed as King by a bookstore clerk in D.C., Arnold Schwarzenegger would star as Ben Richards in an adaptation of the novel. Instead of the King everyman hampered by circumstance, Richards turns into a brawny, principled cop who refuses an order to kill unarmed rioters in California. Banished to a labor prison camp, Richards escapes and goes on the run, is framed for murder, and coerced into joining the Running Man TV show, increasing the show’s ratings. Instead of the wide open cover of America, the game is sequestered to an abandoned area of Los Angeles, where Richards is hunted by a band of villains that look like evil Power Rangers. A resistance network links up with Richards, including a fugitive named Amber. The resistance topples the Games Network. The evil is vanquished, and Richards and Amber share a triumphant kiss.
In Schwarzenegger’s oeuvre, The Running Man is mid-tier fare. Ditto for King’s many, many television and movie adaptations. The most famous King adaptations, apart from Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining, have tended toward the sentimental, as rose-tinted portraits of small-town America with a dark underbelly. In more recent years, remakes of It, Salem’s Lot, Pet Sematary, along with the adaptation of The Shining’s sequel Doctor Sleep, have trafficked in a nostalgia for classic horror cinema of which King has long been an indelible component. It would be too rich to venture that any of the films made from King’s fiction were done so under strictly admiring, earnest pretenses, cinematic efforts to translate literature to image. But, as with most mainstream filmmaking this decade, preexisting IP is stock and trade. Connie Willis’s 1995 novel Remake anticipated this eventuality, a future where entertainment is churned out and the same stories get told over and over, just with different faces.