Center for Biotechnology

ABSTRACT
Ecological problems created by chemical insect control methods and their relevance to
human health are receiving serious attention everywhere. Various pathogens, including
viruses, protozoa, fungi and nematodes can be used to regulate pest population. Biological
control of pests and vectors has been studied to a limited extent for many years with several
notable successes, of which microbiological control is one aspect. The development of
insecticide resistance in pest and vector population, the damage caused to non-target
organisms and the realization of other environmental hazards of chemical insecticides have
led to an increasing interest in biological, including microbiological control methods.
Biopesticides are very effective in the agricultural pest control without causing serious harm
to ecological chain or worsening environmental pollution. There is a requirement to develop
alternatives to chemical pesticides for crop protection, due to the evolution of pesticide
resistance in some pest species and concerns about the safety of chemical residues. One
solution is the use of biopesticides (pest control agents based on living organisms) as an
alternative in food production. The aim of this paper was to improve understanding of the
environmental and regulatory sustainability of biopesticides as alternatives to chemical
pesticides for crop protection. This paper reports on categories of biopesticides, biological
control of aflatoxin, production of biopesticides using engineering techniques and its
development.

In whole world, cane molasses base distilleries are included under one of the polluting industries in concern to water pollution. After fermentation remains waste from bottom of distillation columns, termed stillage. This highly aqueous residue containing organic soluble is considered a troublesome and potentially polluting waste due to its extremely high BOD and COD values. The typical odour emanating from distilleries is a major nuisance. The color of the spent wash interferes with its oxygenation and self purification. The treatment of distillery wastes is a priority area for environmental sustenance and its quality. Due to the large volumes of effluents and presence of certain recalcitrant compounds the treatment of this stream is rather challenging by conventional methods. Therefore to supplement the existing treatments, a number of studies encompassing physic-chemical and biological treatments have been conducted. This review presents an account of the problem, biological treatment methods and role of enzymes in decolorizing waste water.

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing science of producing and utilizing nano sized silver particles. Nano particles compared to bulk materials exhibit improved characteristics due to their size, distribution and morphology and are used in various scientific fields. Now, engineers are studying ways that it can be made beneficial to the environment. There are general perceptions that nanotechnology will have a significant impact on developing " clean " and " green " technologies with considerable environmental benefits and this has been branded as " Green Technology ". Meaning of green technology is the technology which is environmental friendly developed in such a way that it doesn't disturb our environment and conserves natural resources. The objectives of nanotechnology are to create eco-friendly processes and products. Conflicting with this positive message is the growing body of research that raises questions about the potentially negative effects of engineered nanoparticles on human health and environment. The main aim of this review is to give about an overview on green technology in association with nanotechnology and its complications and benefits.

Humans have become addicted to the use of plastics. The plastics have become a part of our day to day life. Hence, this could be considered as bane rather than a boon to human life, as the earth is being filled by non-degradable compounds like plastics. Upon, discovery of many methods to degrade plastics, we have failed to reduce or remove them safely from environment. One of the best method to reduce plastics is incineration, with the only drawback of release of toxic pollutants. Hence, my work explains the idea of reducing these toxic pollutants, by using biodegradable Nano filters. These filters prepared by using the available organic waste ,which would be converted into activated form of Nano filters. Hence, the process would end up with the decrease in the levels of toxic pollutants from an incinerator.