Various extrinsic and intrinsic origins slant skins and pledge evident vicissitudes of the skin s... more Various extrinsic and intrinsic origins slant skins and pledge evident vicissitudes of the skin surface. We explored the effects of dermocosmetic loaded medical Cannabis seed extract and evaluate the improvement on the skin surface in Asian and male volunteers in a split face topographic study. Dermocosmetic and base (without extract) fabricated were directed to apply by volunteers (Asian male) on their right and left cheek, respectively, in the split face skin topographic study up to three months. Efficacy of dermocosmetic versus base was assessed by non- invasive diagnostic technique focusing on skin texture parameters (energy, contrast and variance) and surface evaluation of the living skin (SELS), SEr (skin roughness), SEsc (skin scaliness), SEsm (skin smoothness), SEw (skin wrinkles). Unlike base, dermocosmetic showed significant effects on skin texture parameters (energy, variance and contrast) and SELS (SEr, SEsc, SEsm and SEw) parameters in Asian male volunteers when ANOVA a...
Hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, postinflammatory melanoderma and dermatitis caused by increas... more Hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, postinflammatory melanoderma and dermatitis caused by increased production and accumulation of melanin are the major problems today. Ascorbyl Palmitate (AP) and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (SAP), derivatives of ascorbic acid, having the inhibitory effect on skin melanin production and also has anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate loaded in three multiple emulsion formulations i.e. ME1, ME2, and ME3 on facial skin melanin and erythema contents of Asian human females over 12-week treatment course. Thirty three female volunteers were enrolled to singleblinded, placebo-controlled, split-face trial, 3 groups of 11 volunteers each were treated with active treatments versus control/placebo for a period of 12 weeks. Evaluation was performed with non-invasive bioengineering techniques. Patch testing showed no side effects. Control multiple emulsion showed ...
Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxida... more Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxidant activities and to treat oxidative related diseases is a major issue. This study was aimed to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives (ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate) as functional ingredients in a newly formulated multiple emulsion of the W//W type to attain the synergistic antioxidant effects and the resultant system's long term physical and chemical stability. Several multiple emulsions using the same concentration of emulsifiers but different concentrations of ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate were developed. Three finally selected multiple emulsions (ME₁, ME₂ and ME₃) were evaluated for physical stability in terms of rheology, microscopy, conductivity, pH, and organoleptic characteristics under different storage conditions for 3 months. Chemical stability was determined by HPLC on Sykam GmbH HPLC system (Germany), equipped ...
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, May 11, 2016
A questionnaire was used to collect data, including demographic information, family health histor... more A questionnaire was used to collect data, including demographic information, family health history, dietary habits, physical activity and tobacco use. History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) or its treatment was recorded after observing their medical reports. Results: The proportion of females and males was 65.53 and 34.46 %, respectively. Of the 200 patients, the mean age of males was 52.7 years and 55.8 years for females. The most prevalent coronary artery risk factors were physical inactivity (52.5 %), hypertension (52 %), poor dietary habits (48.5 %), fatty food consumption (47.5 %), obesity (38 %) and smoking (37 %), respectively. Other less common risk factors were diabetes (30 %) and family history of CAD (20 %). Conclusion: CAD was seen in only 20 % of the subjects; the prevalence of individual risk factors ranged from 30 to 52.5 % and can be improved by encouraging the patients to adopt a healthy life style.
Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxida... more Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxidant activities and to treat oxidative related diseases is a major issue. This study was aimed to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives (ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate) as functional ingredients in a newly formulated multiple emulsion of the W/O/W type to attain the synergistic antioxidant effects and the resultant systemís long term physical and chemical stability. Several multiple emulsions using the same concentration of emulsifiers but different concentrations of ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate were developed. Three finally selected multiple emulsions (ME1, ME2 and ME3) were evaluated for physical stability in terms of rheology, microscopy, conductivity, pH, and organoleptic characteristics under different storage conditions for 3 months. Chemical stability was determined by HPLC on Sykam GmbH HPLC system (Germany), equipped wit...
For several decades air pollution has been recognized to hit drastically the skin of human body. ... more For several decades air pollution has been recognized to hit drastically the skin of human body. Air pollutants predominantly accountable for aging, oxidative damage, and inflammatory allergic reactions led to psoriasis, dermatitis, acne, and skin cancer owing to the impaired functions of DNA, proteins, and lipid biomolecules. Elevated air pollution and its detrimental effects along with variations in physiological parameters of the skin are verily the scaffold for anti-pollution assertions and could be recognized as markers. The present article encompasses the salient features of air pollution and UV radiations besides dreadful effects on human skin physiological parameters and some anti-pollution approaches.
LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences
W/O/W emulsions with multifaceted nature ensure the ability to incorporate lipophilic as well as ... more W/O/W emulsions with multifaceted nature ensure the ability to incorporate lipophilic as well as hydrophilic compounds based on their solubility. Loading of these compounds in different phases of W/O/W emulsion may affect their constancy. This study was aimed to evaluate the constancy of Ascorbyl-2-phosphate and 6-O-Palmitoylascorbic acid in W/O/W emulsions (F 1 and F 2). F 1 and F 2 samples containing Ascorbyl-2-phosphate and 6-O-Palmitoylascorbic acid in different phases of cetyl dimethicone copolyol based W/OW emulsions were analyzed for globule size, rheological behavior and HPLC, immediately after preparation and then at different storage conditions (8°C, 25°C, 40°C and 40°C+75%RH) for 90 days. Rheological analysis showed that at accelerated storage conditions F 1 and F 2 had shear thinning behaviour of varying shear stress with no influence of location of functional ingredients in the carrier system. Microscopic analysis showed increase in globule size with time, especially at higher temperatures while
Continuous contact of air pollutants on human skin has produced early ageing and led to roughness... more Continuous contact of air pollutants on human skin has produced early ageing and led to roughness, dryness, poor elasticity, increased wrinkling and irregular pigmentation of the skin. The present study was carried out to fabricate an anti-pollution cosmetic-based w/o/w multiple emulsion containing D-biotin, prepared by a one-step formation as protection for the skin against the effects of air pollutants and further used for in vitro and in vivo evaluation. A similar multiple emulsion without D-biotin was also prepared in the same way. Each of the tested multiple emulsions (CB2 and CF2) was applied to the cheeks of 15 human volunteers for a testing period of 90 days. Both emulsions were assessed for skin melanin, erythema, hydration and elasticity values. The droplet sizes of CB2 and CF2 stored in the dark were 10.92 ± 0.23 and 15.4 ± 0.12 μm, respectively. The size distributions of CB2 and CF2 ranged from 4.55 ± 0.1 to 26.056 ± 0.34 μm and from 1.97.16 ± 1.2 to 45.13 ± 2.17 μm, respectively. The rheological parameters showed non-Newtonian, pseudo-plastic and shear thinning behaviour, while pH remained within an acceptable range. No considerable physical changes were observed. The skin irritation testing indicated that CB2 and CF2 were safe after application and did not cause any skin irritation. The skin melanin, erythema, moisture and elasticity values of both the right and left cheeks of the volunteers were measured at baseline visits: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days of time intervals. While CB2 showed insignificant effects, therefore, it was demonstrated that CF2 decreased skin erythema content and increased skin elasticity and hydration significantly but had an insignificant effect on skin melanin content with respect to time. Good sensory attributes were also achieved. Therefore, CF2 is a promising new approach for protection of the skin from the deleterious effects of air pollutants.
Focus of the study was to design a novel and cost effective extraction technique for the lycopene... more Focus of the study was to design a novel and cost effective extraction technique for the lycopene from Lycopersicum esculentum L. fruit and to develop and characterize a stable emulgel formulation containing lycopene as an active ingredient as well as to design an analytical method to determine lycopene concentration in emulgel. Emulgel formulation was prepared and evaluated for its stability at different storage conditions, 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, 40°C + 75% relative humidity (RH) and 50°C, for 6 months. Results were statistically analyzed using two way ANOVA, Post-Hoc test and paired sample t-test at 5% significance level. Designed extraction technique presented comparable yield, 154.83 mg/Kg of tomato fruit, with all recoveries in the range of 145-156 mg/Kg of tomato. ''P-values" calculated for different levels of stability parameters were <0.05, except at 50°C and time points of 60th day and later. Analytical method designed was having linear range of lycopene 1-10 mg/mL with limit of detection 0.11 mg/mL and limit of quantification 0.34 mg/mL. All inter-day and intra-day recoveries were in the range of 94-105% while in all measurements RSD % was 5.36. It can be concluded that the extraction technique was cost effective with comparable results and analytical method was simple, robust, specific and sensitive enough to be used for lycopene concentration determination in emulgel formulation. Furthermore, designed formulation was stable even at high temperature of 40°C and RH 75%.
Glutathione reduced (GSH) is the mother of all the antioxidants and has an antimelanogenic effect... more Glutathione reduced (GSH) is the mother of all the antioxidants and has an antimelanogenic effect. It is extremely vulnerable to oxidation in the solution form which limits its use. The GSH in nano-oil droplets present a potential solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to formulate glutathione-loaded nanoemulsion and assess its stability studies over a 90-day testing period. To formulate GSH-loaded nanoemulsion pseudo-ternary phase diagram, it was built with various concentrations of water, liquid paraffin oil, and surfactant mixture (Tween 80 and Span 80). The oily phase was prepared by dissolving the GSH (450 mg) in liquid paraffin oil through stirring. High-energy homogenization was used to prepare the nanoemulsion. From preformulation stability studies of the 28-day testing period, nanoemulsion (NE-19) with oil and surfactant mixture ratio (1:1) of hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value 10 was selected. The samples of NE-19 and its respective base (B-19) were ke...
Purpose: To formulate the water in oil (W/O) emulsion of corn silk (CS) extract and to evaluate i... more Purpose: To formulate the water in oil (W/O) emulsion of corn silk (CS) extract and to evaluate its stability at various storage conditions. Methods: Ethanol CS extract was prepared using maceration (cold) technique. A 4 % CS emulsion was prepared using varying concentrations of liquid paraffin, ABIL EM90 and water. The formulations were kept at 40 o C for 28 days and to screen out the less stable formulations. The remaining formulations were further stressed at 50 o C to choose the most stable formulation. The optimized formulation was evaluated for physical characteristics including phase separation, rheology and mean droplet size. The physical stability of the formulation was evaluated by monitoring these parameters over a period of 12 weeks at 8, 25, 40 and 40 o C, and 75 % RH. Results: The chosen formulation showed good resistance to phase separation on centrifugation under all storage conditions. Rheological behavior followed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic pattern at various storage conditions. Mean droplet size of freshly prepared formulation was 2.98 ± 1.32 µm and did not show significant (p < 0.05) changes at normal storage conditions (8 and 25 o C). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the developed CS extract W/O emulsion is stable and therefore may be suitable for topical use on skin as an antioxidant preparation.
Various extrinsic and intrinsic origins slant skins and pledge evident vicissitudes of the skin s... more Various extrinsic and intrinsic origins slant skins and pledge evident vicissitudes of the skin surface. We explored the effects of dermocosmetic loaded medical Cannabis seed extract and evaluate the improvement on the skin surface in Asian and male volunteers in a split face topographic study. Dermocosmetic and base (without extract) fabricated were directed to apply by volunteers (Asian male) on their right and left cheek, respectively, in the split face skin topographic study up to three months. Efficacy of dermocosmetic versus base was assessed by non- invasive diagnostic technique focusing on skin texture parameters (energy, contrast and variance) and surface evaluation of the living skin (SELS), SEr (skin roughness), SEsc (skin scaliness), SEsm (skin smoothness), SEw (skin wrinkles). Unlike base, dermocosmetic showed significant effects on skin texture parameters (energy, variance and contrast) and SELS (SEr, SEsc, SEsm and SEw) parameters in Asian male volunteers when ANOVA a...
Hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, postinflammatory melanoderma and dermatitis caused by increas... more Hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, postinflammatory melanoderma and dermatitis caused by increased production and accumulation of melanin are the major problems today. Ascorbyl Palmitate (AP) and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (SAP), derivatives of ascorbic acid, having the inhibitory effect on skin melanin production and also has anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate loaded in three multiple emulsion formulations i.e. ME1, ME2, and ME3 on facial skin melanin and erythema contents of Asian human females over 12-week treatment course. Thirty three female volunteers were enrolled to singleblinded, placebo-controlled, split-face trial, 3 groups of 11 volunteers each were treated with active treatments versus control/placebo for a period of 12 weeks. Evaluation was performed with non-invasive bioengineering techniques. Patch testing showed no side effects. Control multiple emulsion showed ...
Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxida... more Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxidant activities and to treat oxidative related diseases is a major issue. This study was aimed to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives (ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate) as functional ingredients in a newly formulated multiple emulsion of the W//W type to attain the synergistic antioxidant effects and the resultant system's long term physical and chemical stability. Several multiple emulsions using the same concentration of emulsifiers but different concentrations of ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate were developed. Three finally selected multiple emulsions (ME₁, ME₂ and ME₃) were evaluated for physical stability in terms of rheology, microscopy, conductivity, pH, and organoleptic characteristics under different storage conditions for 3 months. Chemical stability was determined by HPLC on Sykam GmbH HPLC system (Germany), equipped ...
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, May 11, 2016
A questionnaire was used to collect data, including demographic information, family health histor... more A questionnaire was used to collect data, including demographic information, family health history, dietary habits, physical activity and tobacco use. History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) or its treatment was recorded after observing their medical reports. Results: The proportion of females and males was 65.53 and 34.46 %, respectively. Of the 200 patients, the mean age of males was 52.7 years and 55.8 years for females. The most prevalent coronary artery risk factors were physical inactivity (52.5 %), hypertension (52 %), poor dietary habits (48.5 %), fatty food consumption (47.5 %), obesity (38 %) and smoking (37 %), respectively. Other less common risk factors were diabetes (30 %) and family history of CAD (20 %). Conclusion: CAD was seen in only 20 % of the subjects; the prevalence of individual risk factors ranged from 30 to 52.5 % and can be improved by encouraging the patients to adopt a healthy life style.
Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxida... more Stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives for quenching synergistic antioxidant activities and to treat oxidative related diseases is a major issue. This study was aimed to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamin C derivatives (ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate) as functional ingredients in a newly formulated multiple emulsion of the W/O/W type to attain the synergistic antioxidant effects and the resultant systemís long term physical and chemical stability. Several multiple emulsions using the same concentration of emulsifiers but different concentrations of ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate were developed. Three finally selected multiple emulsions (ME1, ME2 and ME3) were evaluated for physical stability in terms of rheology, microscopy, conductivity, pH, and organoleptic characteristics under different storage conditions for 3 months. Chemical stability was determined by HPLC on Sykam GmbH HPLC system (Germany), equipped wit...
For several decades air pollution has been recognized to hit drastically the skin of human body. ... more For several decades air pollution has been recognized to hit drastically the skin of human body. Air pollutants predominantly accountable for aging, oxidative damage, and inflammatory allergic reactions led to psoriasis, dermatitis, acne, and skin cancer owing to the impaired functions of DNA, proteins, and lipid biomolecules. Elevated air pollution and its detrimental effects along with variations in physiological parameters of the skin are verily the scaffold for anti-pollution assertions and could be recognized as markers. The present article encompasses the salient features of air pollution and UV radiations besides dreadful effects on human skin physiological parameters and some anti-pollution approaches.
LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences
W/O/W emulsions with multifaceted nature ensure the ability to incorporate lipophilic as well as ... more W/O/W emulsions with multifaceted nature ensure the ability to incorporate lipophilic as well as hydrophilic compounds based on their solubility. Loading of these compounds in different phases of W/O/W emulsion may affect their constancy. This study was aimed to evaluate the constancy of Ascorbyl-2-phosphate and 6-O-Palmitoylascorbic acid in W/O/W emulsions (F 1 and F 2). F 1 and F 2 samples containing Ascorbyl-2-phosphate and 6-O-Palmitoylascorbic acid in different phases of cetyl dimethicone copolyol based W/OW emulsions were analyzed for globule size, rheological behavior and HPLC, immediately after preparation and then at different storage conditions (8°C, 25°C, 40°C and 40°C+75%RH) for 90 days. Rheological analysis showed that at accelerated storage conditions F 1 and F 2 had shear thinning behaviour of varying shear stress with no influence of location of functional ingredients in the carrier system. Microscopic analysis showed increase in globule size with time, especially at higher temperatures while
Continuous contact of air pollutants on human skin has produced early ageing and led to roughness... more Continuous contact of air pollutants on human skin has produced early ageing and led to roughness, dryness, poor elasticity, increased wrinkling and irregular pigmentation of the skin. The present study was carried out to fabricate an anti-pollution cosmetic-based w/o/w multiple emulsion containing D-biotin, prepared by a one-step formation as protection for the skin against the effects of air pollutants and further used for in vitro and in vivo evaluation. A similar multiple emulsion without D-biotin was also prepared in the same way. Each of the tested multiple emulsions (CB2 and CF2) was applied to the cheeks of 15 human volunteers for a testing period of 90 days. Both emulsions were assessed for skin melanin, erythema, hydration and elasticity values. The droplet sizes of CB2 and CF2 stored in the dark were 10.92 ± 0.23 and 15.4 ± 0.12 μm, respectively. The size distributions of CB2 and CF2 ranged from 4.55 ± 0.1 to 26.056 ± 0.34 μm and from 1.97.16 ± 1.2 to 45.13 ± 2.17 μm, respectively. The rheological parameters showed non-Newtonian, pseudo-plastic and shear thinning behaviour, while pH remained within an acceptable range. No considerable physical changes were observed. The skin irritation testing indicated that CB2 and CF2 were safe after application and did not cause any skin irritation. The skin melanin, erythema, moisture and elasticity values of both the right and left cheeks of the volunteers were measured at baseline visits: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days of time intervals. While CB2 showed insignificant effects, therefore, it was demonstrated that CF2 decreased skin erythema content and increased skin elasticity and hydration significantly but had an insignificant effect on skin melanin content with respect to time. Good sensory attributes were also achieved. Therefore, CF2 is a promising new approach for protection of the skin from the deleterious effects of air pollutants.
Focus of the study was to design a novel and cost effective extraction technique for the lycopene... more Focus of the study was to design a novel and cost effective extraction technique for the lycopene from Lycopersicum esculentum L. fruit and to develop and characterize a stable emulgel formulation containing lycopene as an active ingredient as well as to design an analytical method to determine lycopene concentration in emulgel. Emulgel formulation was prepared and evaluated for its stability at different storage conditions, 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, 40°C + 75% relative humidity (RH) and 50°C, for 6 months. Results were statistically analyzed using two way ANOVA, Post-Hoc test and paired sample t-test at 5% significance level. Designed extraction technique presented comparable yield, 154.83 mg/Kg of tomato fruit, with all recoveries in the range of 145-156 mg/Kg of tomato. ''P-values" calculated for different levels of stability parameters were <0.05, except at 50°C and time points of 60th day and later. Analytical method designed was having linear range of lycopene 1-10 mg/mL with limit of detection 0.11 mg/mL and limit of quantification 0.34 mg/mL. All inter-day and intra-day recoveries were in the range of 94-105% while in all measurements RSD % was 5.36. It can be concluded that the extraction technique was cost effective with comparable results and analytical method was simple, robust, specific and sensitive enough to be used for lycopene concentration determination in emulgel formulation. Furthermore, designed formulation was stable even at high temperature of 40°C and RH 75%.
Glutathione reduced (GSH) is the mother of all the antioxidants and has an antimelanogenic effect... more Glutathione reduced (GSH) is the mother of all the antioxidants and has an antimelanogenic effect. It is extremely vulnerable to oxidation in the solution form which limits its use. The GSH in nano-oil droplets present a potential solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to formulate glutathione-loaded nanoemulsion and assess its stability studies over a 90-day testing period. To formulate GSH-loaded nanoemulsion pseudo-ternary phase diagram, it was built with various concentrations of water, liquid paraffin oil, and surfactant mixture (Tween 80 and Span 80). The oily phase was prepared by dissolving the GSH (450 mg) in liquid paraffin oil through stirring. High-energy homogenization was used to prepare the nanoemulsion. From preformulation stability studies of the 28-day testing period, nanoemulsion (NE-19) with oil and surfactant mixture ratio (1:1) of hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value 10 was selected. The samples of NE-19 and its respective base (B-19) were ke...
Purpose: To formulate the water in oil (W/O) emulsion of corn silk (CS) extract and to evaluate i... more Purpose: To formulate the water in oil (W/O) emulsion of corn silk (CS) extract and to evaluate its stability at various storage conditions. Methods: Ethanol CS extract was prepared using maceration (cold) technique. A 4 % CS emulsion was prepared using varying concentrations of liquid paraffin, ABIL EM90 and water. The formulations were kept at 40 o C for 28 days and to screen out the less stable formulations. The remaining formulations were further stressed at 50 o C to choose the most stable formulation. The optimized formulation was evaluated for physical characteristics including phase separation, rheology and mean droplet size. The physical stability of the formulation was evaluated by monitoring these parameters over a period of 12 weeks at 8, 25, 40 and 40 o C, and 75 % RH. Results: The chosen formulation showed good resistance to phase separation on centrifugation under all storage conditions. Rheological behavior followed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic pattern at various storage conditions. Mean droplet size of freshly prepared formulation was 2.98 ± 1.32 µm and did not show significant (p < 0.05) changes at normal storage conditions (8 and 25 o C). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the developed CS extract W/O emulsion is stable and therefore may be suitable for topical use on skin as an antioxidant preparation.
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