Papers by Wardlow Friesen
The Journal of Pacific History, 2022
Intersections of Inequality, Migration and Diversification, 2019
Inequality, or the rise of disparities within populations, and human migration constitute two of ... more Inequality, or the rise of disparities within populations, and human migration constitute two of the major challenges facing societies today. In highlighting the close links between them, scholarship has principally focused on extant inequalities between migrant and non-migrant groups. In this introductory chapter, we argue that diversification in contemporary migration policies in Anglophone labour-receiving societies produces inequalities between, among and within migrant groups that also demand urgent attention. The chapter further outlines the core precepts informing this book. Firstly, migrants are a heterogeneous group who are increasingly stratified in ways unconnected to their ethnic or national differences. Secondly, inequalities among migrants are produced in the complex intersections of race, class, gender, legal status, sexuality, age and histories of settlement. Finally, inequality manifests in diverse and localised forms affecting access to income, wealth, opportunity,...
Labour, Employment and Work in New Zealand, 1992
This paper is a preliminary consideration of the impacts of "new Asian” migration occurring ... more This paper is a preliminary consideration of the impacts of "new Asian” migration occurring since 1986 in the Auckland region, both in terms of issues of migrant welfare and effects on destination. Being part of a larger study, the focus here is on determining some of the parameters of immigration at the regional level rather than on a macroeconomic overview at the national level.
Human mobility, whatever its scale, is often controversial. Hence it carries with it the potentia... more Human mobility, whatever its scale, is often controversial. Hence it carries with it the potential for politics. A core feature of mobility politics is the tension between the desire to maximise the social and economic benefits of migration and pressures to restrict movement. Transnational communities, global instability, advances in transportation and communication, and concepts of 'smart borders' and 'migration management' are just a few of the phenomena transforming the landscape of migration today. The tension between openness and restriction raises important questions about how different types of policy and politics come to life and influence mobility. Mobility & Politics invites original, theoretically and empirically informed studies for academic and policy-oriented debates. Authors examine issues such as refugees and displacement, migration and citizenship, security and cross-border movements, (post-)colonialism and mobility, and transnational movements and cosmopolitics.
The Tourism–Disaster–Conflict Nexus, 2018
There are a large number of destinations in which post-conflict tourism (PCT) might be a relevant... more There are a large number of destinations in which post-conflict tourism (PCT) might be a relevant development option. This chapter considers four destinations which have opted to use the PCT brand as part of their strategies to attract tourists. These destinations – Cambodia, Nicaragua, Rwanda and Bougainville (within the country of Papua New Guinea) – are on four different continents, had conflicts which ended in the last decade of the twentieth century and represent tourism industries at different stages of development. They were also chosen because they are at low or medium levels of development and have relatively small populations of less than 20 million people. The chapter considers the different ways in which PCT is or might be used not only to provide economic opportunities for local residents, but also as a means towards reconciliation, healing and recovery after conflicts which have resulted in many casualties and divided the people against each other. Each of the case study destinations have attempted to turn a negative aspect of their histories into an opportunity for development, with differing levels of success.
Tracing the New Indian Diaspora, 2014
New Zealand Geographer, 2019
This book series addresses a timely and significant set of issues emergent from the study of Envi... more This book series addresses a timely and significant set of issues emergent from the study of Environmental [sometimes referred to as "natural"] disasters and the Series will also embrace works on Human-produced disasters (including both environmental and social impacts, e.g., migrations and displacements of humans). Topics such as climate change; social conflicts that result from forced resettlement processes eventuating from environmental alterations, e.g., desertification shoreline loss, sinking islands, rising seas.
Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 2001
The new Chinese community in New Zealand (formed since 1987) is made up of immigrants from the Pe... more The new Chinese community in New Zealand (formed since 1987) is made up of immigrants from the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia as well as other countries. Initially looked upon as harbingers of the “Asian economic miracle” by the New Zealand government, the new arrivals met with numerous unforeseen difficulties. This article is based on the findings of surveys and in-depth interviews in which the primary migrants were asked about their motives for migration, the economic and social outcomes of their migration, their perception of the comparative strengths of their native land and New Zealand, and their long-term view on settlement and return migration. The surveys are also set against background statistics from the 1996 census as well as immigration figures up to 2000. The findings challenge the assumption of the importance of the economic motivation of migration, and point to the primacy of social and environmental factors. They also suggest that tran...
Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 2016
This article explores alternative food initiatives (AFI) and their performances of benign transgr... more This article explores alternative food initiatives (AFI) and their performances of benign transgression. Through collaborative activist-and-academic-storytelling we tease apart the divergent practices of AFIs to question what mediates these performances in the grey area between conventional and alternative practice. Grounded examples of AFIs performing alternative economy and related acts of 'irritant' civil disobedience show how subverting normative practices of power and authority can catalyse social reproduction of difference, and tangibly alter the conventional food system.
Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 2017
There has been an increasing focus on migration management by academics and policy makers, especi... more There has been an increasing focus on migration management by academics and policy makers, especially in relation to temporary and transitional forms of mobility. This paper considers the acceleration of Filipino migration to New Zealand in recent years, partly driven by changing policies allowing migrants to transition from student and work visas to permanent residence. It outlines the history of Filipino migration to New Zealand, the roles of the Philippines and New Zealand governments and intermediaries in migration management and the nature of student, temporary work and permanent residence migration. The transitional pathways used by Filipino migrants are analysed in relation to the influence of skills and educational characteristics in creating opportunities for some and vulnerability for others.
Migration and Development, 2016
Knowledge constitutes a critical vector in processes and outcomes of migration, in the evolution ... more Knowledge constitutes a critical vector in processes and outcomes of migration, in the evolution of economies and societies, and in national policy-making. This is apparent in the growing emphasis on managing migration and the infrastructure of intermediaries involved in facilitating and channeling flows of migrants, but also finance, ideas and objects generated through diaspora communities. Scholars have captured these movements through vocabulary around 'brain circulation', or brain 'drain' and 'gain'. While these concepts are useful for describing patterns and outcomes, sometimes in narrow cost-benefit terms, they do not provide tools to explore the constitution of knowledge flows in migration. This paper proposes a more nuanced construction of brain circulation which we call'brain chains' to acknowledge the complex linkages comprising knowledge migration, between individuals, families, diasporic communities, private and public agents, and nation states. The rationalities of migration management and mediation are expressed at all levels, but perhaps most visibly at the level of national (im)migration policy. The concept of brain chains is illustrated through a case study of the relatively small country of New Zealand. This country is an apposite example because of its high levels of immigration, its changing ethnic composition, and its relatively large national diaspora. Further, it provides a clear example of changing regimes of migration management based on neoliberal assumptions related to human capital and the roles of migrants. A focus on brain chains provides a foundation to develop more theoretically substantive explorations of the production, circulation and mediation of knowledge in contemporary migration.
Population, Space and Place, 2011
In relation to its population, New Zealand has a high rate of immigration, and these immigrants a... more In relation to its population, New Zealand has a high rate of immigration, and these immigrants are concentrated in the primate city of Auckland. This study considers the settlement of Chinese migrants in Auckland and considers their spatial distribution using the concept of 'ethnoburb'. The location of Chinese residents and businesses is mapped and analysed to consider whether the concept of ethnoburb is useful in this context, which has similarities and differences from the Los Angeles context in which the concept was originally proposed. The areas where Chinese clustering is greatest are identified, and the characteristics of the residents of these clusters are compared. Distinctive differences in terms of age, ethnic diversity, migrant origin, education, occupation, and Chinese business concentration are apparent between different areas, and this has lead us to hypothesise that these areas can be described as distinctive ethnoburbs, rather than a single homogeneous ethnoburb.
New Zealand Geographer, 2015
Alternative' food initiatives (AFIs) are often interpreted as political movements, constructed as... more Alternative' food initiatives (AFIs) are often interpreted as political movements, constructed as defiant alternatives to industrial agri-food relations, and represented by a performance of singular alterity. This understanding of alternative collapses into a mere politics of identity, criticised in the literature for its oversimplification. In this paper, we utilise an established methodological framework that retains AFI diversity, to create a novel typology of AFIs by diverse and embodied practice rather than animating political project. In doing so, we point to the political potential for AFIs to 'do' food otherwise and make different worlds.
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Papers by Wardlow Friesen