Papers by Ibrahim Abdel-Farid
Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research
This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical analysis, and in vitro anticancer screenin... more This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical analysis, and in vitro anticancer screening of four wild plants grown in the northern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), namely: Convolvulus oxyphyllus, Rhazya stricta, Astragalus kahircus and Teucrium polium. Total phenolics content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were assessed in their extracts. In vitro anticancer screening of the hydro-alcohol extracts was also assessed using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. The plant species revealed different metabolomic profiling. C. oxyphyllus showed the highest phenolic and flavonoids contents compared to other plant extracts. While, among these plant extracts, T. polium showed the highest level of TAC, saponins and anthocyanins contents. C. oxyphyllus showed the highest inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) against HepG-2 (18.8 μg/ml) and MCF-7 (4.1 μg/ml). The highperformance liquid chromatography analysis of C. oxyphyllus extract revealed the presence of high content of benzoic acid and vanillic acid (phenolics) along with hesperidin (flavonoids). In conclusion, among the screened plants, C. oxyphyllus has the most potent anticancer activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines in vitro.
Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Faidherbia albida legumes indica... more Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Faidherbia albida legumes indicated the presence of terpenes, cardiac glycosides, monosaccharides and carbohydrates type of compounds in both extracts. While alkaloids and saponins were found in aqueous extract only, flavonoids were found to be absent in both extracts. The aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited a potent growth stimulation effect. Inhibition of both the rootlet and shoot showed a dose dependent response. Aqueous extract has a greater inhibitory effect on rootlet growth than shoot growth. The methanolic extract has a greater inhibitory effect than the aqueous extract. Both extracts and some fractions were tested against three pathogenic bacterial species; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae, also tested against three pathogenic fungal species; Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternate, and Aspergillus niger. Most of the plant extracts stimulate the studied fungal growth specially the aqueous extract. Meanwhile it shows interesting results by inhibiting the growth of the studied pathogenic bacterial species with most extracts and fractions. ª 2014 King Saud University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
The present study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic profiling, antioxidant capacity and ant... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic profiling, antioxidant capacity and anticancer activities of some common widely grown plants of the family Compositae. The total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were determined in the selected plant extracts. In vitro anticancer activity was also assessed using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. The plant species revealed different metabolomic profiling. Artemisia showed the highest contents of the detected secondary metabolites compared to other plant extracts. Pulcaria crispa showed the highest inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) among the screened extracts against HepG-2 (8.9 µg/ml) and MCF-7 (8.14 µg/ml). The high performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) of P. crispa extract revealed the presence of high content of three phenolic compounds, benzoic, chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid, along with two polyphenolic compounds, hesperidin and quercetrin. In summary, among the screened extracts, P. crispa has the most potent anti-tumor activity in vitro against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines.
Metabolomic profiling of different parts (leaves, flowers and pods) of Acacia species (Acacia nil... more Metabolomic profiling of different parts (leaves, flowers and pods) of Acacia species (Acacia nilotica, Acacia seyal and Acacia laeta) was evaluated. The multivariate data analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to differentiate the distribution of plant metabolites among different species or different organs of the same species. A. nilotica was characterized with a high content of saponins and A. seyal was characterized with high contents of proteins, phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. A. laeta had a higher content of carbohydrates than A. nilotica and A. seyal. On the basis of these results, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power of the methanolic extracts of studied parts were evaluated. A. nilotica and A. seyal extracts showed less inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50) compared to A. laeta extracts which means that these two species have the strongest radical scavenging activity whereas A. laeta extracts have the lowest radical scav-enging activity. A positive correlation between saponins and flavonoids with total antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed. Based on these results, the potentiality of these plants as antioxidants was discussed. ª 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
Brassica rapa (var. raapstelen) and Raphanus sativus (red radish) are being used as food and fodd... more Brassica rapa (var. raapstelen) and Raphanus sativus (red radish) are being used as food and fodder while also known as model in recent plant research due to the diversity of metabolites as well as genetic resemblance to Arabidopsis. This study explains the change in metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, sucrose, phenylpropanoids and glucosinolates) during plant development. In present study the metabolomic variation in relation to plant growth has been evaluated, for Brassica rapa (var. raapstelen) and red radish (Raphanus sativus) at three different developmental stages. A non-targeted and targeted metabolomic approach by NMR and HPLC in combination with Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data was used to identify phytochemicals being influenced by plant growth. The results lead to the better understanding of metabolic changes during plant development and show the importance of plant age with respect to the metabolomic profile of vegetables.
Brassica rapa (var. raapstelen) and Raphanus sativus (red radish) are being used as food and fodd... more Brassica rapa (var. raapstelen) and Raphanus sativus (red radish) are being used as food and fodder while also known as model in recent plant research due to the diversity of metabolites as well as genetic resemblance to Arabidopsis. This study explains the change in metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, sucrose, phenylpropanoids and glucosinolates) during plant development. In present study the metabolomic variation in relation to plant growth has been evaluated, for Brassica rapa (var. raapstelen) and red radish (Raphanus sativus) at three different developmental stages. A non-targeted and targeted metabolomic approach by NMR and HPLC in combination with Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data was used to identify phytochemicals being influenced by plant growth. The results lead to the better understanding of metabolic changes during plant development and show the importance of plant age with respect to the metabolomic profile of vegetables.
Post harvest storage of vegetables at different temperature for consumption is commonly practiced... more Post harvest storage of vegetables at different temperature for consumption is commonly practiced that need standardization. Among vegetables, red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a well known and commonly consumed vegetable all over the world. Its bioactive or nutritional constituents include a wide range of metabolites including, glucosinolates, phenolics, amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. However, many of these metabolites are not stable and can easily be degraded or modified during storage. In order to investigate the metabolomic changes during post harvest storage, radish samples (intact roots and aerial parts) were subjected to four different storage temperatures above and below 0 o C (20 o C, 4 o C,-20 o C, and-80 o C), for a maximum of 28 days. 1 H-NMR and two-dimensional NMR spectra data resulting from the analysis of the different samples were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate any possible metabolomic changes. A profound chemical alteration was observed in primary and secondary metabolites. Glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, amino acids, and sugars were found to be the discriminating metabolites for the storage effect. Initially, an increase in secondary metabolites (phenolics and glucosinolates) was observed, but levels of these compounds decreased in later stages, probably due to the breakdown of these products. Whereas late storage samples contained high amounts of amino acids [alanine, valine, threonine, (γ-amino-butyric acid / GABA)] and some glucosinolates (glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin). This phenomenon was pronounced at room temperature as compared to other storage temperatures. Interestingly even at lower and freezing temperatures metabolomic changes in these biological samples were observed. The least metabolomic changes were observed at samples stored at-80 o C. While studying temperature dependent metabolomic changes, high levels of glucose, adenine, alanine, threonine and GABA were observed during storage below 0 o C, especially noticeable at-20 o C.
Ten F4 families with the highest grain yield/plant were selected from cross between two cultivars... more Ten F4 families with the highest grain yield/plant were selected from cross between two cultivars (long spike-58 × Giza-168) and evaluated for tolerance to salinity stress conditions. Crosses were also made between ten selected plants. In the second cycle of selection, F5 families were classified into two groups according to their performance of some salinity stress related traits such as grain yield and stress physiological traits. Significant positive response to selection for grain yield was ranged from 69.94% of means to 135.83% for intra cross between selections within population. The indirect response to selection ranged from 108.34% for proline content to 42.34% in chlorophyll content. The results indicated the presence of three positive and four negative RAPD markers that could be considered as reliable markers for salinity tolerance in bread wheat.
Heavy metal and element contents of two varieties of Brassica rapa (turnip) growing in the same e... more Heavy metal and element contents of two varieties of Brassica rapa (turnip) growing in the same environmental conditions and native to Egypt (Bras-sica rapa var. rapa) and to the Netherlands (Brassica rapa var. Raapstelen), respectively were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the Egyptian variety had higher concentrations of Mn and Zn at early developmental stages than the Dutch variety, whereas the Dutch variety showed higher concentration of Cu, Co and Na at late developmental stages. The basal second leaves in both varieties were characterized with higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to the upper fourth leaves at any developmental stage. The concentration of heavy metals and elements at any developmental stage is under the permissible levels set by FAO and WHO for human consumption and we recommend that the consumption of these vegetables is safe for humans if cultivated under the same conditions. The consumption of young leaves (upper fourth leaves) is much safer than that of the basal second leaves (in both varieties) due to their low heavy metal contents.
The allelopathic potential of different concentrations of aqueous leaf and flower extracts of Cal... more The allelopathic potential of different concentrations of aqueous leaf and flower extracts of Calotropis procera and Morettia philaeana were investigated in laboratory experiments for germination and seedlings growth of Triticum aestivum (wheat), Raphanus sativus (radish) and Brassica napus (canola). The germination of wheat and radish was delayed and its percentage was reduced significantly after treatment with leaves extracts of C. procera and M. philaeana. Shoot and root length was significantly reduced after treatment. The reduction of seed germination percentage and shoot and root length was proportional to the concentration of the extracts used. Flower extract of C. procera delayed the germination in wheat and reduced significantly the root and shoot lengths, where as the extract delayed and reduced significantly the germination percentage and reduced significantly shoot length in canola. Distinct stress on germinated seeds appeared as proline content increased significantly in wheat plants after treatment with C. procera or M. philaeana extracts particularly at higher concentration of the extracts. Morettia philaeana aqueous extract was stronger than that of C. procera on wheat and radish.
Euphorbia, the largest genus in the spurge family "Euphorbiaceae" with more than 2000 species and... more Euphorbia, the largest genus in the spurge family "Euphorbiaceae" with more than 2000 species and is subdivided into many subgenera and sections. Several species of the genus Euphorbia have been extensively studied for their antiviral, antitumor, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and pesticidal activities. Based on traditional information, Euphorbia helioscopia has been widely used in the traditional folk medicine in China and Turkey. Up to now, 30 diterpenoids have been isolated and structurally characterized from this plant. The aim of the present work is to review all the available scientific literatures published on E. helioscopia. The focus will be on the chemical constitutions that have been identified from this species, in addition, all the reported biological, pharmacological and toxicological activities of different extracts and isolates from this species have been included. The paper recommends the need for further investigations regarding the environmental and mammalian safety of E. helioscopia for safer using in different biological and therapeutic applications.
The glucosinolate contents of two different cultivars of Brassica rapa (Herfstraap and Oleifera) ... more The glucosinolate contents of two different cultivars of Brassica rapa (Herfstraap and Oleifera) infected with Leptosphaeria maculans and Fusarium oxysporum were determined. Infection triggered the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates (gluconapin, progoitrin, glucobrassicanapin and gluconapoleiferin) and indole glucosinolate (4-hydroxy-gluco-brassicin) in Herfstraap and of two indole glucosinolates (glucobrassicin and 4-hydroxy-glucobrassicin) in Oleifera. While total and aliphatic glucosinolates decreased significantly in Oleifera, a large increase was observed in Herfstraap after fungal infection. The indole glucosinolate glucobrassicin accumulated in Oleifera at a higher rate than Herfstraap especially after infection with F. oxysporum. Apparently the interaction between fungus and B. rapa is cultivar and fungal species specific.
The glucosinolate contents of two different cultivars of Brassica rapa (Herfstraap and Oleifera) ... more The glucosinolate contents of two different cultivars of Brassica rapa (Herfstraap and Oleifera) infected with Leptosphaeria maculans and Fusarium oxysporum were determined. Infection triggered the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates (gluconapin, progoitrin, glucobrassicanapin and gluconapoleiferin) and indole glucosinolate (4-hydroxy-gluco-brassicin) in Herfstraap and of two indole glucosinolates (glucobrassicin and 4-hydroxy-glucobrassicin) in Oleifera. While total and aliphatic glucosinolates decreased significantly in Oleifera, a large increase was observed in Herfstraap after fungal infection. The indole glucosinolate glucobrassicin accumulated in Oleifera at a higher rate than Herfstraap especially after infection with F. oxysporum. Apparently the interaction between fungus and B. rapa is cultivar and fungal species specific.
Over the past decades Brassica has become an important source of oil and proteins for animal and ... more Over the past decades Brassica has become an important source of oil and proteins for animal and human nutrition. In addition to the nutritional benefits, they constitute a very rich source of health-promoting phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, vitamins, glucosinolates, fats and carotenoids. Moreover, due to the high resemblance to Arabidopsis, Brassica is gaining its interest as a suitable model system for plant science. Understanding biochemical response of plant upon environmental stress is important as resulting metabolome changes will ultimately effecting quality attributes of crop. Recently metabolomics as a part of systems biology approach has been applied in many fields. Among different analytical methods, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are considered as the most suitable analytical platform for plant metabolomics. Particularly, NMR-based metabolomic approach has been successfully applied in many filed in plant science, with the merit of high reproducibility, quantitation, ease of sample preparation and handling, analysis of wide range of metabolites in a single run. In this review, NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the biochemical responses of plant under various stress conditions has been described using Brassica as a model plant.
Brassicaceae plants are one of the most popular vegetables consumed all over the world and consid... more Brassicaceae plants are one of the most popular vegetables consumed all over the world and considered to be a good source of bioactive phytochemicals. Additionally, Brassica species and varieties are increasingly becoming a research model in plant science, as a consequence of the importance of their primary and secondary metabolites. Plant interaction with environmental stress factors including animals and insects herbivory, pathogens, metal ions, light, among others, is known to lead to the activation of various defense mechanisms resulting in a qualitative and/or quantitative change in plant metabolite production. Pre-harvest and/or post-harvest conditions are also known to affect this, since plants produce signaling molecules (e.g. salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, etc.) that cause a direct or indirect activation of metabolic pathways. That ultimately affects the production of phytochemicals, such as carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose), amino acids, phenolics (phenylpropanoids and flavonoids) and glucosinolates. These phytochemicals have diverse applications due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties, but on the other hand these compounds or their breakdown products can act as anti-nutritional factors in diet. In this review we report a wide range of the stress-induced metabolic responses in the Brassica plants commonly used for human consumption.
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) has become a key insect pest of agricultural a... more Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) has become a key insect pest of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Little is known about host plant resistance to thrips. In this study, we investigated thrips resistance in F 2 hybrids of Senecio jacobaea and Senecio aquaticus. We identified thrips-resistant hybrids applying three different bioassays. Subsequently, we compared the metabolomic profiles of these hybrids applying nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The new developments of NMR facilitate a wide range coverage of the metabolome. This makes NMR especially suitable if there is no a priori knowledge of the compounds related to herbivore resistance and allows a holistic approach analyzing different chemical compounds simultaneously. We show that the metabolomes of thrips-resistant and-susceptible hybrids differed considerably. Thrips-resistant hybrids contained higher amounts of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), jacobine, and jaconine, especially in younger leaves. Also, a flavanoid, kaempferol glucoside, accumulated in the resistant plants. Both PAs and kaempferol are known for their inhibitory effect on herbivores. In resistant and susceptible F 2 hybrids, young leaves showed less thrips damage than old leaves. Consistent with the optimal plant defense theory, young leaves contained increased levels of primary metabolites such as sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose, but also accumulated jacaranone as a secondary plant defense compound. Our results prove NMR as a promising tool to identify different metabolites involved in herbivore resistance. It constitutes a significant advance in the study of plant-insect relationships, providing key information on the implementation of herbivore resistance breeding strategies in plants.
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) has become a key insect pest of agricultural a... more Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) has become a key insect pest of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Little is known about host plant resistance to thrips. In this study, we investigated thrips resistance in F 2 hybrids of Senecio jacobaea and Senecio aquaticus. We identified thrips-resistant hybrids applying three different bioassays. Subsequently, we compared the metabolomic profiles of these hybrids applying nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The new developments of NMR facilitate a wide range coverage of the metabolome. This makes NMR especially suitable if there is no a priori knowledge of the compounds related to herbivore resistance and allows a holistic approach analyzing different chemical compounds simultaneously. We show that the metabolomes of thrips-resistant and -susceptible hybrids differed considerably. Thrips-resistant hybrids contained higher amounts of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), jacobine, and jaconine, especially in younger leaves.
Plants face a number of biotic and abiotic environmental stress factors during growth. Among the ... more Plants face a number of biotic and abiotic environmental stress factors during growth. Among the abiotic factors, in particular, a great deal of attention has been paid to metals not only because of their increasing amounts in the environment due to rapid industrial development but also because of the variation of metal composition in soil. Cultivation of crops close to industrial areas or irrigation with contaminated water may result in both growth inhibition and tissue accumulation of metals. Brassica species are well known as metal accumulators and are being used for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. However, the metal tolerance mechanism in the plant still remains unclear. In order to investigate the metabolomic changes induced by metal ions in Brassica, plants were subjected to concentrations 50, 100, 250 and 500 mmol of copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in separate treatments. 1 H NMR and two-dimensional NMR spectra coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to investigate the metabolic change in Brassica rapa (var. Raapstelen). The 1 H-NMR analysis followed by the application of chemometric methods revealed a number of metabolic consequences. Among the metabolites that showed variation, glucosinolates and hydroxycinnamic acids conjugated with malates were found to be the discriminating metabolites as were primary metabolites like carbohydrates and amino acids. This study shows that the effects of Cu and Fe on plant metabolism were larger than those of Mn and that the metabolomic changes varied not only according to the type of metal but also according to its concentration.
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Papers by Ibrahim Abdel-Farid