Laila Issayeva M.Sc. articles
Digital Assessment, aka e-Assessment: Best Practices
Digital assessment (DA) aka e-Assessment or electronic assessment is the delivery of assessments, tests, surveys, and other measures via digital devices such as computers, tablets, and mobile phones. The primary goal is to be able
Confidence Intervals in Assessment and Psychometrics
Confidence intervals (CIs) are a fundamental concept in statistics, used extensively in assessment and measurement to estimate the reliability and precision of data. Whether in scientific research, business analytics, or health studies, confidence intervals provide
General Intelligence and Cognitive Ability Testing for Selection
General intelligence, often symbolized as “g” or called general cognitive ability (GCA), is a construct of an individual’s general capacity to learn, solve problems, and reason. Being able to accurately measure general intelligence has many
Big Five Personality Traits: A Foundation for Modern Assessments
Personality plays a crucial role in shaping our behaviors, attitudes, and overall interactions with the world. One of the most widely accepted frameworks for understanding personality is the Big Five Personality Traits model—also known as
Speeded Test vs Power Test
The concept of Speeded vs Power Test is one of the ways of differentiating psychometric or educational assessments. In the context of educational measurement and depending on the assessment goals and time constraints, tests are
Factor Analysis: Evaluating Dimensionality in Assessment
Factor analysis is a statistical technique widely used in research to understand and evaluate the underlying structure of assessment data. In fields such as education, psychology, and medicine, this approach to unsupervised machine learning helps
What are Digital Badges for Certification?
Digital badges are a professional credential recognition that provides public digital proof of skills or learning, usually in your LinkedIn profile. In many cases, it is an existing credential/course, with just the recent addition to
The Graded Response Model – Samejima (1969)
Samejima’s (1969) Graded Response Model (GRM, sometimes SGRM) is an extension of the two parameter logistic model (2PL) within the item response theory (IRT) paradigm. IRT provides a number of benefits over classical test theory,
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Educational Assessment
AI in education and educational assessment has moved from experimentation to daily application. Whether you’re a school administrator, instructional designer, or classroom teacher, artificial intelligence offers transformative benefits: increased student engagement, smarter assessment, time-saving automation,
Gamification to Improve Learning & Assessment
Gamification in assessment and psychometrics presents new opportunities for ways to improve the quality of exams. While the majority of adults perceive games with caution because of their detrimental effect on youngsters’ minds causing addiction,
Meta-analysis in Assessment
Meta-analysis is a research process of collating data from multiple independent but similar scientific studies in order to identify common trends and findings by means of statistical methods. To put it simply, it is a
Test validation: How to determine if a test score is supported?
Test validation is the process of verifying whether the specific requirements to test development stages are fulfilled or not, based on solid evidence. In particular, test validation is an ongoing process of developing an argument
Maximum Likelihood Estimation in IRT
Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is an approach to estimating parameters for a model. It is one of the core aspects of Item Response Theory (IRT), especially to estimate item parameters (analyze questions) and estimate person
Multidimensional Item Response Theory
Multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) has been developing from its Factor Analytic and unidimensional item response theory (IRT) roots. This development has led to an increased emphasis on precise modeling of item-examinee interaction and a
The IRT Item Pseudo-guessing c Parameter
The item pseudo-guessing parameter is one of the three item parameters estimated under item response theory (IRT): discrimination a, difficulty b, and pseudo-guessing c. The parameter that is utilized only in the 3PL model is
The IRT Item Discrimination Parameter
The item discrimination parameter a is an index of item performance within the paradigm of item response theory (IRT). There are three item parameters estimated with IRT: the discrimination a, the difficulty b, and the
The IRT Item Difficulty Parameter
The item difficulty parameter from item response theory (IRT) is both a shape parameter of the item response function (IRF) but also an important way to evaluate the performance of an item in a test.
The One Parameter Logistic Model
The One Parameter Logistic Model (OPLM or 1PL or IRT 1PL) is one of the three main dichotomous models in the Item Response Theory (IRT) framework. The OPLM combines mathematical properties of the Rasch model
