{"id":3011,"date":"2020-05-19T12:15:24","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T06:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/artoftesting.com\/?p=3011"},"modified":"2023-07-18T13:45:22","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T08:15:22","slug":"software-requirement-specifications-srs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs","title":{"rendered":"SRS Document in Software Engineering"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>One of the important reasons for most of the software bugs is mistakes in requirements. Or, we can the mistakes found in the Software Requirement Specifications document. <br><br>Sometimes requirements are not clear and inaccurate which results in errors in code, ultimately leading to a bug. Even if the development team tries to write perfect code, if requirements have errors in them, the software will contain bugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reviewing the requirements is also an important step in any <a href=\"http:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-development-life-cycle-sdlc\">software development life cycle<\/a>. Usually, it is not given enough emphasis. It becomes very difficult to recode everything if certain missed requirements are found later in the development life cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tutorial discusses a Software Requirement Specifications (SRS) document, its importance, and things that should be tested or reviewed in the same.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs\/#What_is_SRS_Document_Software_Requirement_Specifications\" title=\"What is SRS Document (Software Requirement Specifications)?\">What is SRS Document (Software Requirement Specifications)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs\/#Advantages_or_Uses_of_SRS\" title=\"Advantages or Uses of SRS\">Advantages or Uses of SRS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs\/#Desirable_Characteristics_of_an_SRS\" title=\"Desirable Characteristics of an SRS\">Desirable Characteristics of an SRS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs\/#How_an_SRS_should_be_tested\" title=\"How an SRS should be tested?\">How an SRS should be tested?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs\/#What_should_be_tested_in_an_SRS\" title=\"What should be tested in an SRS?\">What should be tested in an SRS?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_SRS_Document_Software_Requirement_Specifications\"><\/span><strong>What is SRS Document (Software Requirement Specifications)?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A software requirements specification (SRS) is a description of an agreement between the customer and the supplier\/contractor. This contains the functional and non-functional requirements of the software system to be developed. This document is used as a reference base for the development process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Usually, the customers are not able to understand the development process and are not clear on what they want from the system, at the same time the development team does not understand customers\u2019 requirements. Usually, Business Analysts fill this communication gap by preparing an SRS document.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, a Software Requirement Specifications document consists of the following sections (this is based on the <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/278253\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IEEE<\/a> guide to software requirements specifications and this list may vary from organization to organization)-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Introduction <\/strong>\u2013 This section is written for the requirements document i.e. the purpose, scope, etc. of the requirements document is included.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Purpose<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scope<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>References<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overview<br><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Overall Description<\/strong> \u2013 This section contains an overview of all the requirements of the system.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Product Perspective<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Product Functions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>User Characteristics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>General Constraints<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assumptions and Dependencies<br><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Detailed Requirements<\/strong> \u2013 This is the most important part of the document; it contains details of product requirements that the development team and testing team need to know in order to code and test the system respectively.\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>External Interface Requirements\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>User Interfaces<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hardware Interfaces<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Software Interfaces<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Communication Interfaces<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Functional Requirements\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Module 1\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Functional Requirement 1.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Functional Requirement 1.2<br>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Module 2\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Functional Requirement 2.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Functional Requirement 2.2<br>\u2026<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Performance Requirements<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Design Constraints<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Attributes<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other Requirements<br><br><br><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_or_Uses_of_SRS\"><\/span><strong>Advantages or Uses of SRS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following are some important advantages or uses of an SRS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is an agreement between the client and the supplier on what the software will do.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It includes all the functional and <a href=\"http:\/\/artoftesting.com\/non-functional-requirements\">non-functional requirements<\/a> of the system.&nbsp;<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SRS works as a base for any further development and testing documents that need to be prepared for the development and testing processes. These documents include design documents, test plans, test scenarios, etc.&nbsp;<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is used for the schedule and cost estimation process.&nbsp;<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SRS acts as a basis for any further enhancements in the product.&nbsp;<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is used for validation of the final product i.e. once the final product is ready, the client, the development team, and the testing team can be assured that the product matches all the requirements in the document.<br><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Desirable_Characteristics_of_an_SRS\"><\/span><strong>Desirable Characteristics of an SRS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This section discusses, in brief, some characteristics that describe a good SRS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Correct \u2013 <\/strong>Requirements should be correct and should reflect exactly what the client wants. Every requirement should be such that it is required in the final product.<br><br>User review is used to ensure the correctness of requirements stated in the SRS. SRS is said to be correct if it covers all the requirements that are actually expected from the system.<br><br><br><strong>Complete<\/strong> \u2013 SRS is said to be complete if everything the software is supposed to do is covered in the document. It should include all the functional and non-functional requirements, the correct numbering of the pages, and any diagrams if required.\u00a0<br><br><br><strong>Unambiguous<\/strong> \u2013 All the requirements should have the same interpretation.\u00a0<br><br><br><strong>Verifiable<\/strong> \u2013 SRS is said to be verifiable if and only if each requirement is verifiable; there must be a way to determine whether every requirement is met in the final product.<br><br><br><strong>Consistent<\/strong> \u2013 SRS is said to be consistent if there aren\u2019t any conflicts between the requirements.\u00a0<br><br><br><strong>Ranking for importance and stability<\/strong> \u2013 Each requirement should be ranked for its importance or stability.<br><br><br><strong>Modifiability<\/strong> \u2013 An SRS is said to have modifiability quality if it is capable of adapting to changes in the future as much as possible.<br><br><br><strong>Traceability<\/strong> \u2013 Tracing of requirements to a design document, particular source code module, or test cases should be possible.<br><br><br><strong>Design Independence<\/strong> \u2013 SRS should include options for design alternatives for the final system; it should not have any implementation details.<br><br><br><strong>Testability<\/strong> \u2013 An SRS is said to be testable if it is easier for the testing team to design test plans, test scenarios, and test cases using an SRS.<br><br><br><strong>Understandable by the customer<\/strong> \u2013 An SRS should be written in easy and clear language so that the customer can understand the document.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_an_SRS_should_be_tested\"><\/span><strong>How an SRS should be tested?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The development team will use an SRS as a base for coding. The testing team uses SRS to create a <a href=\"http:\/\/artoftesting.com\/test-plan-document-template\">test plan<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/artoftesting.com\/test-scenario-examples\">test scenarios<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/artoftesting.com\/test-case\">test cases<\/a>. So, the development and testing team should have a detailed knowledge of each section of an SRS. Their understanding of the requirements should be clear so that any discrepancies in the source code and further testing documents can be avoided.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ideally, a Business Analyst should schedule a review meeting with the required parties. Reviewers can be the client, developers, testers, and project managers among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of giving the final document for review, a BA can arrange a periodic meeting with the reviewers whenever an incrementally updated version of the SRS is available. This way it becomes easier to find errors as the reviewers need to review a small piece of document in every meeting rather than reviewing a whole document. Also, a BA can work on these errors and bring an improved document apart from the newly added information for the next periodic meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once all the review meetings are completed, and all the errors in the document have been resolved, a sign-off from the client should be taken on the final version of the document. This final version will then be used for the development and testing process mainly among other processes.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_should_be_tested_in_an_SRS\"><\/span><strong>What should be tested in an SRS?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This section discusses various points that should be considered while reviewing an SRS-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reviewers should check for any <strong>missing requirements<\/strong>. All the features of the system should be written clearly without any missing pieces of information.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reviewers should check the <strong>feasibility<\/strong> of the requirements. As most of the clients are not aware of the implementation aspects of the technology, it becomes necessary for a BA to have a discussion with the development team to make sure all the requirements are realistic and technical implementation of the same is possible.\u00a0<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reviewers should make sure that the requirements are <strong>unambiguous<\/strong>. Nowadays, due to outsourcing, the BA team, development team, and testing team sit in different countries and work in different time zones. Now, it is possible that each team member has a different understating of the requirements if they are not documented clearly. An SRS needs to be clear and unambiguous so that every member has the same interpretation of the requirements.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An SRS should be <strong>consistent<\/strong>. Reviewers should make sure that the document has consistent requirements for all the features, it uses correct terminology (for example, in some places \u2018Log out\u2019 phrase is used while in other sections \u2018Sign out\u2019 phrase is used).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reviewers should make sure that the document is <strong>complete<\/strong> i.e. all the use cases have expected results, pre-conditions are stated correctly and completely, all the requirements are assigned a requirement ID, any assumptions and dependencies are stated clearly, external interface requirements are included, security and performance criteria and mentioned, etc.&nbsp;<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to note that each and every version of the document should be maintained correctly, and the respective teams should make sure to use the latest version.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Software Requirement Specification is the most important document of any software development project as it serves as a base for further development and testing processes. This document includes functional and non-functional requirements. A good SRS helps in creating a system that is bug-free and reduces development costs.<br><br>An SRS also acts as an agreement between the client and the supplier, it gives confidence to the client that the requirements are documented correctly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the important reasons for most of the software bugs is mistakes in requirements. Or, we can the mistakes found in the Software Requirement Specifications document. Sometimes requirements are not clear and inaccurate which results in errors in code, ultimately leading to a bug. Even if the development team tries to write perfect code, &#8230; <a title=\"SRS Document in Software Engineering\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/artoftesting.com\/software-requirement-specifications-srs\" aria-label=\"Read more about SRS Document in Software Engineering\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-engineering"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SRS Document | Software Requirement Specifications<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Software Requirement Specifications or SRS is the most important document of any software development project as it 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