Archäologische Staatssammlung München | Medieval Departement

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- by Brigitte Haas-Gebhard
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- 2
  Anthropology, Medieval Archaeology

Of the 39 non-shared phylogenetically informative chromosomal SNPs that were detected among all new genomes, 20 are non-synonymous in coding regions of (hypothetical) proteins (SI Appendix, ). The genome of VAL001.B shows non-synonymous... more

Of the 39 non-shared phylogenetically informative chromosomal SNPs that were detected among all new genomes, 20 are non-synonymous in coding regions of (hypothetical) proteins (SI Appendix, ). The genome of VAL001.B shows non-synonymous SNPs in the genes tyrP, YPO1985 and YPO2588. TyrP is a transcriptional regulator for the metabolism of aromatic amino acids and was identified as a virulence factor crucial for the infection of mice (4). YPO1985 was identified as a glycosyl transferase gene inactivated in the avirulent strain 91001 and thus might be a virulence factor as well (5). The gene YPO2588 codes for an ABC transport protein. An additional non-synonymous SNP was detected on the pMT1 plasmid in the putative DNA-binding protein YPMT1.59C. For the genome PET004.A, only one nonsynonymous SNP was identified, located on the hypothetical protein YPO3510. The genomes of LVC_merged, LSD001.A and LSD023.A show seven shared non-synonymous SNPs: in the genes marC, a multidrug resistance protein; phrB, coding a 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase; tyrA, a bifunctional chorismite mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase; the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ppc, the oligogalacturonate lyase ogl; the sugar transport ATP-binding protein YPO1554, identified as pseudogene in CO092 (6); and the hypothetical protein YPO4112. The gene ppc has been shown to be connected with the type III secretion system that is essential for pathogenicity in Y. pestis by injection of Yops (Yersinia outer membrane proteins) into host cells of the innate immune system . An additional nonsynonymous SNP shared among this clade was found on the pCD1 plasmid, affecting yopB, a Yersinia outer membrane protein, identified as virulence factor since it is an important translocon for the injection of effector proteins via the type III secretion system (8). A SNP unique to LVC_merged was identified in the hypothetical protein YPO2238. Both LSD001.A and LSD023.A share a SNP in the lacY, a galactoside permease. In LSD001.A, four unique SNPs were identified as non-synonymous: in hisP, a histidine/lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter subunit; yapB, a putative autotransporter protein pseudogenized in KIM (9); YPO1999, a decarboxylase; and YPO1856, a hypothetical protein. In LSD023.A, three nonsynonymous SNPs were found: in cpxA, a two-component sensor kinase; lacY, a galactoside permease already affected by a SNP shared with LSD001.A; and znuC, a high-affinity zinc transporter ATPase.

The first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis started as the Justinianic Plague in 541 within the Roman Empire and continued as the so-called First Pandemic until 750. Although palaeogenomic studies have previously... more

The paleopathological, paleoradiological, histological, molecular and forensic investigation of a female mummy (radiocarbon dated 1451-1642 AD) provides circumstantial evidence for massive skull trauma affecting a young adult female... more

The paleopathological, paleoradiological, histological, molecular and forensic investigation of a female mummy (radiocarbon dated 1451-1642 AD) provides circumstantial evidence for massive skull trauma affecting a young adult female individual shortly before death along with chronic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease). The mummy (initially assumed to be a German bog body) was localized by stable isotope analysis to South America at/near the Peruvian/ Northern Chilean coast line. This is further supported by New World camelid fibers attached to her plaits, typical Inca-type skull deformation and the type of Wormian bone at her occiput. Despite an only small transverse wound of the supraorbital region computed tomography scans show an almost complete destruction of face and frontal skull bones with terrace-like margins, but without evidence for tissue reaction. The type of destruction indicates massive blunt force applied to the center of the face. Stable isotope analysis indicates South American origin: Nitrogen and hydrogen isotope patterns indicate an extraordinarily high marine diet along with C4-plant alimentation which fits best to the coastal area of Pacific South America. A hair strand over the last ten months of her life indicates a shift to a more ''terrestric'' nutrition pattern suggesting either a move from the coast or a change in her nutrition. Paleoradiology further shows extensive hypertrophy of the heart muscle and a distended large bowel/rectum. Histologically, in the rectum wall massive fibrosis alternates with residual smooth muscle. The latter contains multiple inclusions of small intracellular parasites as confirmed by immunohistochemical and molecular ancient DNA analysis to represent a chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. This case shows a unique paleopathological setting with massive blunt force trauma to the skull nurturing the hypothesis of a ritual homicide as previously described in South American mummies in an individual that suffered from severe chronic Chagas disease.

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- by Brigitte Haas-Gebhard
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  Engineering, Bioinformatics, Physics, Chemistry

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- by Brigitte Haas-Gebhard
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- Chemistry

Rezension zu: Furtmayr, H. (2017). München-Giesing. Ein frühmittelalterliches Gräberfeld vor der Stadt (Abhandlungen und Bestandskataloge der Archäologischen Staatssammlung, Digital Band 1) (München 2017). 111 S. mit 5 Abb. und 52 Taf.... more

Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with geography, while genetic analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least two major waves of immigration from outside the continent during periods of cultural... more

Im Jahre 1990 erwarb das Germanische Nationalmuseum das Modell einer Gürtelschnalle, das in Caesarea gefunden worden sein soll. Im Museumsbesitz waren bereits 10 Gürtelschnal len, deren Fundorte in Ägypten, im Libanon und in Italien... more

Merovingians Y ersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is a Gram-negative bacterium that predominantly infects rodents and is transmitted by their ectoparasites such as fleas. As a zoonosis, it is also able to infect humans with a... more

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- by Brigitte Haas-Gebhard
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  Evolutionary Biology, Biology, Medicine

During the transition from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages, the Roman Empire dissolved in the West and medieval empires were founded. There has been much discussion about the role that migration played in this transition. This is... more

Vor 140 Jahren wurde der Grabfund von Wittislingen entdeckt, ein Ensemble, dem bis heute im frühmittelalterlichen Fundmaterial Süddeutschlands nichts Adäquates gegenübergestellt werden kann. Die kostbaren Objekte stellen einen wirklichen... more

Medieval Departement

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