С. Ю . Внуков
Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Classical Archaeology, leading research fellow
Professor, classical archaeologist. Leading researcher of Institute of Archaeology of Russian Academy of Sciences. Fields of interest: Northern Black Sea region in Hellenistic and Roman periods, amphorae, trade links, ceramic petrology.
Address: Moscow, Moscow City, Russian Federation
Address: Moscow, Moscow City, Russian Federation
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Papers by С. Ю . Внуков
Abstract. The article analyzes the chronological distribution of coin fi nds in the settlements
of the Northwestern Crimea in the 2nd – 1st centuries BC. It is established that in the last quarter
of the 2nd century BC, the supply of Chersonese coins to the region stops. The coin fi nds are represented
only by the Pontic issues of Mithradates Eupator. They were found at fi ve strategically
important sites. This is associated with the evacuation of the Greek population from the region as
a result of the confl ict with the Scythians in the second or third quarters of the 2nd century BC and
the appearance of Pontic garrisons here. Coins allow us to determine the period of deployment of
these troops in the region: ca. 115/110-63 BC. It is also concluded that there are no traces of the
recolonization of this territory by Chersonesus during the reign of Mithradates Eupator.
Keywords: Northwestern Crimea in late Hellenism, Mithradates Eupator, coin finds, Pontic garrisons
в местной мастерской с монет, обращавшихся на денежном рынке города, отсюда
рассматривать эту категорию находок следует в общем контексте с находками синхронных монет. В Фанагории зарегистрированы монеты Константина I (3 экз.) и его сыновей – Криспа (2 экз.) и Констанция II (5 экз.). Публикуемая индикация позволяет датировать погребение № 280 временем после 313 г. н. э.
In 2017, a gold danake of Constantine I was uncovered in child’s burial No. 280/2017 in the eastern necropolis of Phanagoria. Such pits with kerving is a type of burial rarely found in Late Antique Phanagoria. The archaeological context suggests that the danake was used as Charon’s obol. The matrix was the obverse of a half-follis issued in the name of Constantine I at a mint of Rome from October, 312, to May, 313. Altogether nine indications were found during the entire period of the research of Phanagoria, three of which date back to the period of Constantine the Great. The danakes of Constantine’s family issue and those of his son Crispus were found in the necropolis. These artifacts should be linked to Roman coins circulating in the local money market in the same period. Ten coins of Constantine I (3 pcs) and his sons, Crispus (2 pcs) and Constantius II (5 pcs), have been documented in Phanagoria. The new danake helps date burial No. 280 to the period no earlier than after AD 313.
щей редкому типу тары. в настоящее время это единственная известная целая амфора такой разновидности, которая дает представление о полной форме этих сосудов.
In this note a rare find of Sinopean amphora is published. the vessel was found at the Kara-tobe hillfort. It has a wide neck, a pointed bottom and profiled handles. the
amphora is attested to a rare type of ceramic containers. now this is the only entirely preserved amphora of such type, which gives an idea on the full shape of the vessels in question.
The paper publishes a selection of amphora stamps discovered during excavations at Kara-tobe, which is a settlement of the Hellenistic period in the northwest Crimea. the stamps carry names of two previously unknown Chersoneses astynomoi; the selection has a number of Sinope amphora producers stamps with the names identified in this center of ceramic epigraphy for the first time. The reading of the stamps, their
reconstruction, interpretation and dating are provided.
containers and the trade links of the region. It is found out that during the annexation of the Crimea by the Kingdom of Pontus the main quantities of goods in amphorae came to the settlement from the Black Sea centers of Sinope and Heraclea (?) and from Colchis. Mediterranean
amphorae are less than 20% of all containers. They were produced in Rhodes, Knidos, Cos, Northern Peloponnese and Central Aegean region. Trade with the Mediterranean was more intense at the beginning of the period; later it was reduced but import from the Black Sea centers simultaneously increased. Apparently, the changes in the trade occurred at the end of the First Mithridatic war. The political and military situation in the region, which has developed after the war, did not contribute to the development of relations with the Mediterranean. Probably, the formation of enclosed Black Sea market started during the existence of
the Pontic power; and the process was completed only in Roman time.
The article also describes several little-studied varieties of the containers: the late Hellinistic Heraclean(?) amphorae and red-clay amphorae with conical toe as well as the vessels with high rim of the Mediterranean centers, which are rare in the Northern Black Sea area.
Abstract. The article analyzes the chronological distribution of coin fi nds in the settlements
of the Northwestern Crimea in the 2nd – 1st centuries BC. It is established that in the last quarter
of the 2nd century BC, the supply of Chersonese coins to the region stops. The coin fi nds are represented
only by the Pontic issues of Mithradates Eupator. They were found at fi ve strategically
important sites. This is associated with the evacuation of the Greek population from the region as
a result of the confl ict with the Scythians in the second or third quarters of the 2nd century BC and
the appearance of Pontic garrisons here. Coins allow us to determine the period of deployment of
these troops in the region: ca. 115/110-63 BC. It is also concluded that there are no traces of the
recolonization of this territory by Chersonesus during the reign of Mithradates Eupator.
Keywords: Northwestern Crimea in late Hellenism, Mithradates Eupator, coin finds, Pontic garrisons
в местной мастерской с монет, обращавшихся на денежном рынке города, отсюда
рассматривать эту категорию находок следует в общем контексте с находками синхронных монет. В Фанагории зарегистрированы монеты Константина I (3 экз.) и его сыновей – Криспа (2 экз.) и Констанция II (5 экз.). Публикуемая индикация позволяет датировать погребение № 280 временем после 313 г. н. э.
In 2017, a gold danake of Constantine I was uncovered in child’s burial No. 280/2017 in the eastern necropolis of Phanagoria. Such pits with kerving is a type of burial rarely found in Late Antique Phanagoria. The archaeological context suggests that the danake was used as Charon’s obol. The matrix was the obverse of a half-follis issued in the name of Constantine I at a mint of Rome from October, 312, to May, 313. Altogether nine indications were found during the entire period of the research of Phanagoria, three of which date back to the period of Constantine the Great. The danakes of Constantine’s family issue and those of his son Crispus were found in the necropolis. These artifacts should be linked to Roman coins circulating in the local money market in the same period. Ten coins of Constantine I (3 pcs) and his sons, Crispus (2 pcs) and Constantius II (5 pcs), have been documented in Phanagoria. The new danake helps date burial No. 280 to the period no earlier than after AD 313.
щей редкому типу тары. в настоящее время это единственная известная целая амфора такой разновидности, которая дает представление о полной форме этих сосудов.
In this note a rare find of Sinopean amphora is published. the vessel was found at the Kara-tobe hillfort. It has a wide neck, a pointed bottom and profiled handles. the
amphora is attested to a rare type of ceramic containers. now this is the only entirely preserved amphora of such type, which gives an idea on the full shape of the vessels in question.
The paper publishes a selection of amphora stamps discovered during excavations at Kara-tobe, which is a settlement of the Hellenistic period in the northwest Crimea. the stamps carry names of two previously unknown Chersoneses astynomoi; the selection has a number of Sinope amphora producers stamps with the names identified in this center of ceramic epigraphy for the first time. The reading of the stamps, their
reconstruction, interpretation and dating are provided.
containers and the trade links of the region. It is found out that during the annexation of the Crimea by the Kingdom of Pontus the main quantities of goods in amphorae came to the settlement from the Black Sea centers of Sinope and Heraclea (?) and from Colchis. Mediterranean
amphorae are less than 20% of all containers. They were produced in Rhodes, Knidos, Cos, Northern Peloponnese and Central Aegean region. Trade with the Mediterranean was more intense at the beginning of the period; later it was reduced but import from the Black Sea centers simultaneously increased. Apparently, the changes in the trade occurred at the end of the First Mithridatic war. The political and military situation in the region, which has developed after the war, did not contribute to the development of relations with the Mediterranean. Probably, the formation of enclosed Black Sea market started during the existence of
the Pontic power; and the process was completed only in Roman time.
The article also describes several little-studied varieties of the containers: the late Hellinistic Heraclean(?) amphorae and red-clay amphorae with conical toe as well as the vessels with high rim of the Mediterranean centers, which are rare in the Northern Black Sea area.
SANKT- PETERSBURG, 2006