Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and W... more Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and West Bank. Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects. The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample. Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members. The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other. Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and W... more Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and West Bank. Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects. The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample. Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members. The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other. Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and W... more Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and West Bank. Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects. The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample. Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members. The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other. Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Fungi are among the most important aeroallergens. The aim of this study was to provide aeromycolo... more Fungi are among the most important aeroallergens. The aim of this study was to provide aeromycological baseline information about Zarqa area, Jordan, for the first time. During the entire survey and from 170 settle plate exposures, a total of 735 mould-and 274 yeast colony-forming units (CFU) were collected. mould colonies were assigned to 35 genera and 59 species. The highest abundance was attributed to Cladosporium with a percentage of 29.1% of the total colony count followed by Fusarium 20%, Alternaria 7.7%, Ulocladium 6.5% Penicillium 4.2% and then Aspergillus 3.6%. Cladosporium showed one peak in October while Aspergillus and Penicillium
This study investigated the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in the general population in two re... more This study investigated the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in the general population in two regions in southern Italy. A total of 1,294 subjects were recruited from January to June 1996 among patients attending randomly selected public and private laboratories and pediatric outpatient clinics. Information on sex, age, residence, and occupation was recorded. Seroprevalence of brucellosis was studied by the safranin O-stained antigen microagglutination test. The chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were performed. An overall prevalence of brucellosis of 3.1% was recorded; no significant difference was found between the two regions, with values of 2.7% in Campania and 3.8% in Calabria. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that positivity to brucellosis was significantly associated with the province the subjects reside in, ranging from 0 in Salerno to 6.2% in Caserta, and that it significantly increased with age, ranging from 1% in persons under 16 to 4.2% in those over 65 (OR--1.7; 95% CI=1.04-2.6), whereas it was not significantly associated with sex. When analysis was conducted after restriction to subjects reporting to be working, occupation was found not to be significantly associated with brucellosis. Since the spread of the disease is still of concern, though circulation of Brucella is decreasing, strict application of measures for the eradication of brucellosis from livestock, pasteurization of milk and dairy products, and education regarding eating habits must be pursued.
Retrieving the past: essays on archaeological …, Jan 1, 1996
... Awni Dajani, John Evans, Basil Hennessy, Sinclair Hood, Diane Kirkbride, James Melaart, and D... more ... Awni Dajani, John Evans, Basil Hennessy, Sinclair Hood, Diane Kirkbride, James Melaart, and Douglas Tushingham. ... He also visited the pre-Islamic site at Dhufar, near Sana, and searched for pre-Islamic sites in the Tihama and especially in the vicinity of Mocha. ...
Correspondencia: Dra. V. Seidel Padilla. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P.º Marítim, 25... more Correspondencia: Dra. V. Seidel Padilla. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P.º Marítim, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona. España. Correo electrónico: [email protected] BIBLIOGRAFÍA 1. McLure JM. A 9-month-old boy with fever and lethargy. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2000;39:295-8.
When the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, it did so with the ambitious goal to completely tran... more When the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, it did so with the ambitious goal to completely transform an isolationist government into an international democracy. The Coalition forces created laws designed to conform Iraq to international standards, including three Orders tracking the language of the WTO and its IP enforcement mechanism, the TRIPs Agreement. These standards, however, are often inapposite of unique cultural and religious beliefs of an Arab Middle Eastern country that views ideas, concepts, and knowledge as communal. This comment analyzes similarly situated countries in various stages of dealing with the transition and suggests affirmative steps to expedite the process. Finally, this comment concludes that for a seamless transition into the global economy, Iraq should be supplied aid to acclimate its judiciary, attorneys, and citizenry to these new standards and allowed a reservation in Iraq's accession agreement regarding the patenting of seeds.
... [6:250 2007] The John ... Lastly, this section concludes with subsection C, which describes E... more ... [6:250 2007] The John ... Lastly, this section concludes with subsection C, which describes Egypt's, Lebanon's, and Jordan's interactions with the global IP ... rewrote the commercial laws of Iraq.31 The areas of law include, "banking, taxation, trade, foreign investment, corporations ...
A dipstick assay for the detection of brucella-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies was evaluated... more A dipstick assay for the detection of brucella-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies was evaluated with 707 sera from 247 laboratory-confirmed brucellosis patients and 342 control sera from brucellosis-free individuals. These sera were collected from six different countries. The assay was found to be highly sensitive and specific. In addition, the test is easy to use and does not require specialized training or equipment, and the components are stable without a requirement for refrigeration. All of these factors make the test ideal for developing countries and rural settings.
... inventory system. Later Axsater [18], Andijani and Al-Dajani [5] utilized optimal control the... more ... inventory system. Later Axsater [18], Andijani and Al-Dajani [5] utilized optimal control theory to obtain optimal production policy for production-inventory systems where items are deteriorating at a constant rate. Optimal control ...
Page 206. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MUSLIM AND FRANKISH RULERS 1097-1153 AD Hadia Dajani-Shake... more Page 206. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MUSLIM AND FRANKISH RULERS 1097-1153 AD Hadia Dajani-Shakeel This paper will probe some aspects of the diplomatic relations between some Muslim and Crusade ...
Infective endocarditis is a common disease in Yemen. Although the incidence of rheumatic valvular... more Infective endocarditis is a common disease in Yemen. Although the incidence of rheumatic valvular disease and uncorrected congenital heart disease in adults is high in Yemen, there are few data regarding the pattern, characteristic features and outcome of infective endocarditis in Yemen. The aim was to study the characteristic, clinical features and diagnostic criteria of infective endocarditis in Yemeni patients and the outcome in patients treated with medical therapy. Seventy-two consecutive patients admitted to Kuwait teaching hospital in Sana'a with suspected infective endocarditis between June 1, 2005 and June 1, 2007 were included in this study. A questionnaire including history, clinical findings, and result of requested investigations, treatment, complications and outcome was used. The diagnosis was based on Dukes criteria, which proposed two major or five minor criteria. In our study, we included raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as a minor criteria. The patients were classified as definite, possible and rejected cases. All patients received empirical antibiotic therapy. The mean age was 28.56 ± 14.5 years. Men were 30 (42.2%) while women were 42 (57.7%). 59 (81.9%) of the patients had been admitted due to fever. Past history of rheumatic heart disease was positive in 38 (53.3%) of the patients. Mitral regurgitation was the commonest form of valvular affection 54 (82.1%) of patients followed by aortic regurgitation in 45 (63%). Anemia was present in 53 (74%) while raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high in all patients. Vegetations were detected by transthorasic echocardiography in 51 (70.83%) of the patients while blood culture was positive in only 7 (9.6%). After adding high ESR to the criteria, definite infective endocarditis were found in 34 (47.2%); possible in 38 (52.7%) and no rejected patients. Sixty-two (87.5%) of the patients improved and were discharged in good general condition. Nine patients died, an In hospital mortality of 12.5 %. patients with IE in Yemen were younger than those patients in western countries, RHD is the commonest predisposing factor. Duke's criteria in addition to high ESR as minor criteria improved the diagnostic possibilities and using empirical antibiotic therapy improves the outcome.
Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and W... more Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and West Bank. Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects. The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample. Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members. The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other. Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and W... more Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and West Bank. Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects. The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample. Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members. The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other. Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and W... more Criteria's of Performance Success for Small Enterprises in Palestine, Case Study: Jerusalem and West Bank. Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects. The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample. Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members. The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other. Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Fungi are among the most important aeroallergens. The aim of this study was to provide aeromycolo... more Fungi are among the most important aeroallergens. The aim of this study was to provide aeromycological baseline information about Zarqa area, Jordan, for the first time. During the entire survey and from 170 settle plate exposures, a total of 735 mould-and 274 yeast colony-forming units (CFU) were collected. mould colonies were assigned to 35 genera and 59 species. The highest abundance was attributed to Cladosporium with a percentage of 29.1% of the total colony count followed by Fusarium 20%, Alternaria 7.7%, Ulocladium 6.5% Penicillium 4.2% and then Aspergillus 3.6%. Cladosporium showed one peak in October while Aspergillus and Penicillium
This study investigated the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in the general population in two re... more This study investigated the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in the general population in two regions in southern Italy. A total of 1,294 subjects were recruited from January to June 1996 among patients attending randomly selected public and private laboratories and pediatric outpatient clinics. Information on sex, age, residence, and occupation was recorded. Seroprevalence of brucellosis was studied by the safranin O-stained antigen microagglutination test. The chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were performed. An overall prevalence of brucellosis of 3.1% was recorded; no significant difference was found between the two regions, with values of 2.7% in Campania and 3.8% in Calabria. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that positivity to brucellosis was significantly associated with the province the subjects reside in, ranging from 0 in Salerno to 6.2% in Caserta, and that it significantly increased with age, ranging from 1% in persons under 16 to 4.2% in those over 65 (OR--1.7; 95% CI=1.04-2.6), whereas it was not significantly associated with sex. When analysis was conducted after restriction to subjects reporting to be working, occupation was found not to be significantly associated with brucellosis. Since the spread of the disease is still of concern, though circulation of Brucella is decreasing, strict application of measures for the eradication of brucellosis from livestock, pasteurization of milk and dairy products, and education regarding eating habits must be pursued.
Retrieving the past: essays on archaeological …, Jan 1, 1996
... Awni Dajani, John Evans, Basil Hennessy, Sinclair Hood, Diane Kirkbride, James Melaart, and D... more ... Awni Dajani, John Evans, Basil Hennessy, Sinclair Hood, Diane Kirkbride, James Melaart, and Douglas Tushingham. ... He also visited the pre-Islamic site at Dhufar, near Sana, and searched for pre-Islamic sites in the Tihama and especially in the vicinity of Mocha. ...
Correspondencia: Dra. V. Seidel Padilla. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P.º Marítim, 25... more Correspondencia: Dra. V. Seidel Padilla. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P.º Marítim, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona. España. Correo electrónico: [email protected] BIBLIOGRAFÍA 1. McLure JM. A 9-month-old boy with fever and lethargy. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2000;39:295-8.
When the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, it did so with the ambitious goal to completely tran... more When the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, it did so with the ambitious goal to completely transform an isolationist government into an international democracy. The Coalition forces created laws designed to conform Iraq to international standards, including three Orders tracking the language of the WTO and its IP enforcement mechanism, the TRIPs Agreement. These standards, however, are often inapposite of unique cultural and religious beliefs of an Arab Middle Eastern country that views ideas, concepts, and knowledge as communal. This comment analyzes similarly situated countries in various stages of dealing with the transition and suggests affirmative steps to expedite the process. Finally, this comment concludes that for a seamless transition into the global economy, Iraq should be supplied aid to acclimate its judiciary, attorneys, and citizenry to these new standards and allowed a reservation in Iraq's accession agreement regarding the patenting of seeds.
... [6:250 2007] The John ... Lastly, this section concludes with subsection C, which describes E... more ... [6:250 2007] The John ... Lastly, this section concludes with subsection C, which describes Egypt's, Lebanon's, and Jordan's interactions with the global IP ... rewrote the commercial laws of Iraq.31 The areas of law include, "banking, taxation, trade, foreign investment, corporations ...
A dipstick assay for the detection of brucella-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies was evaluated... more A dipstick assay for the detection of brucella-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies was evaluated with 707 sera from 247 laboratory-confirmed brucellosis patients and 342 control sera from brucellosis-free individuals. These sera were collected from six different countries. The assay was found to be highly sensitive and specific. In addition, the test is easy to use and does not require specialized training or equipment, and the components are stable without a requirement for refrigeration. All of these factors make the test ideal for developing countries and rural settings.
... inventory system. Later Axsater [18], Andijani and Al-Dajani [5] utilized optimal control the... more ... inventory system. Later Axsater [18], Andijani and Al-Dajani [5] utilized optimal control theory to obtain optimal production policy for production-inventory systems where items are deteriorating at a constant rate. Optimal control ...
Page 206. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MUSLIM AND FRANKISH RULERS 1097-1153 AD Hadia Dajani-Shake... more Page 206. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MUSLIM AND FRANKISH RULERS 1097-1153 AD Hadia Dajani-Shakeel This paper will probe some aspects of the diplomatic relations between some Muslim and Crusade ...
Infective endocarditis is a common disease in Yemen. Although the incidence of rheumatic valvular... more Infective endocarditis is a common disease in Yemen. Although the incidence of rheumatic valvular disease and uncorrected congenital heart disease in adults is high in Yemen, there are few data regarding the pattern, characteristic features and outcome of infective endocarditis in Yemen. The aim was to study the characteristic, clinical features and diagnostic criteria of infective endocarditis in Yemeni patients and the outcome in patients treated with medical therapy. Seventy-two consecutive patients admitted to Kuwait teaching hospital in Sana'a with suspected infective endocarditis between June 1, 2005 and June 1, 2007 were included in this study. A questionnaire including history, clinical findings, and result of requested investigations, treatment, complications and outcome was used. The diagnosis was based on Dukes criteria, which proposed two major or five minor criteria. In our study, we included raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as a minor criteria. The patients were classified as definite, possible and rejected cases. All patients received empirical antibiotic therapy. The mean age was 28.56 ± 14.5 years. Men were 30 (42.2%) while women were 42 (57.7%). 59 (81.9%) of the patients had been admitted due to fever. Past history of rheumatic heart disease was positive in 38 (53.3%) of the patients. Mitral regurgitation was the commonest form of valvular affection 54 (82.1%) of patients followed by aortic regurgitation in 45 (63%). Anemia was present in 53 (74%) while raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high in all patients. Vegetations were detected by transthorasic echocardiography in 51 (70.83%) of the patients while blood culture was positive in only 7 (9.6%). After adding high ESR to the criteria, definite infective endocarditis were found in 34 (47.2%); possible in 38 (52.7%) and no rejected patients. Sixty-two (87.5%) of the patients improved and were discharged in good general condition. Nine patients died, an In hospital mortality of 12.5 %. patients with IE in Yemen were younger than those patients in western countries, RHD is the commonest predisposing factor. Duke's criteria in addition to high ESR as minor criteria improved the diagnostic possibilities and using empirical antibiotic therapy improves the outcome.
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Papers by Sana Dajani
Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani
Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract
This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects.
The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample.
Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members.
The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other.
Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani
Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract
This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects.
The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample.
Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members.
The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other.
Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani
Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract
This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects.
The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample.
Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members.
The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other.
Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani
Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract
This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects.
The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample.
Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members.
The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other.
Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani
Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract
This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects.
The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample.
Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members.
The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other.
Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.
Prepared by: Sana’ Al-Dajani
Supervisor: Prof. Mahmoud El-Jafari
Abstract
This study looks into the importance and success of small enterprises in Palestine. Small enterprises consists 99% of the Palestinian work establishment, thereby securing jobs for 80% of the national labor force and contributing about 24% to the national income. The study also tries to identify the conditions necessary for success of small enterprises in Palestine. Such an identification would set the guidelines for prospective investors to take into consideration when planning on small projects.
The methodology used for data collection included interviews and questionnaire. 500 small enterprises in Jerusalem and the West Bank were randomly chosen for the study. 472 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS program. Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics were used to give information about these enterprises' contributions to the national economy on one side and to show the distribution of these enterprises in the West Bank Governorates on the other. These data assisted in proportionally choosing the sample.
Results of the study have shown that small enterprise success in Palestine depends on three independent variables. These include a change in workers numbers, a change in work hours, and an increase in profits. These were analyzed in relation to demographic variables for both the enterprise including location, establishment year, and kinship between workers and the entrepreneur including gender, age, and social situation to mention a few. Small enterprises in Palestine can be classified as either individually-owned or family-owned. The first kind constitutes 63.3% and the second 29.5% of the Palestinian enterprises. The fact that the two most common enterprises are either individually or family-owned makes the variable of workers number unreliable; as these enterprises do not employ workers outside family members.
The study used the "Stepwise Regression Analysis" to analyze the three dependent variables: workers number, work hours, and profits. Results, however, were not satisfactory as they were 0.138, 0.049, and 0.332 for the three variables respectively on the "Adjusted R. Square Regression". The most significant factors that have the most impact on the dependent variables were the demographic variables which include the kind of workers "workers who are family members"; the second factor was the kind of enterprise "family-owned". Other demographic variables including age, manual labor, governorate, number of work hours, location of enterprise, expertise, work capacity, raw material accessibility, number of assembly lines, and entrepreneur's nationality were the most significant. A result worth mentioning was the insignificance of factors like workers training and incentives given to workers. The result of this study concerning the two former variables comes in contrary to previous studies which found a significant relation between workers training and incentives on one side and enterprise success on the other.
Some of the major recommendations of this study is the importance of workers training and incentives given to workers. Even though this study did not find much significant relationship concerning the last two variables and enterprise success, they seem to have a noticeable impact on small enterprise success. It is hoped that this study would serve small enterprise owners, university graduates, the Palestinian National Authority, local universities, and Palestinian women who constitute 48.3% of the Palestinian society. Palestinian women should take more advantage of their time and use it effectively to improve their families economic situation through inexpensive home-based business that would secure a sufficient income for the family. Another recommendation is the need for similar further studies that would serve as a data-base for future research and provide deeper and more comprehensive results on the subject of small enterprises. The study also recommends the need for research about the city of Jerusalem and about women-initiated enterprises in Palestine.