{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4380558621","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2306.06948","title":"Rethinking Translation Memory Augmented Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"Rethinking Translation Memory Augmented Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4380558621","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2306.06948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.06948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.06948","pdf_url":"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2306.06948","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2306.06948","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5111019859","display_name":"Hongkun Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao, Hongkun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5070016752","display_name":"Guoping Huang","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6795-9596"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Guoping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5005411806","display_name":"Lemao Liu","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3804-5768"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Lemao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5028604823","display_name":"Zhirui Zhang","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1385-3742"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zhirui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5087920747","display_name":"Shuming Shi","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-0682"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Shuming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5092160865","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Rui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5111019859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7123095989227295},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.6826658844947815},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5945944786071777},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.589980959892273},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5347567796707153},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.5071625709533691},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.49206918478012085},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46285760402679443},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.441774845123291},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43473783135414124},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36345911026000977},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05952504277229309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C41008148","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7123095989227295},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C196083921","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6826658844947815},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C203005215","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5945944786071777},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C49937458","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.589980959892273},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C149364088","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5347567796707153},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C50335755","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.5071625709533691},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C206345919","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.49206918478012085},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C154945302","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46285760402679443},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C2780586882","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.441774845123291},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C2780451532","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43473783135414124},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C119857082","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36345911026000977},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C127413603","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05952504277229309},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C185592680","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C121332964","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C201995342","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C144133560","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C55493867","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C121955636","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C62520636","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C138885662","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C111472728","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C105580179","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C104317684","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C31258907","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.06948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.06948","pdf_url":"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2306.06948","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550\/arxiv.2306.06948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2306.06948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.06948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.06948","pdf_url":"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2306.06948","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https:\/\/metadata.un.org\/sdg\/8","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/G3631063781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21702012","funder_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/G6092351401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-Baidu Open Fund","funder_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/G8721642152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021SHZDZX0102","funder_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320318547","display_name":"Baidu","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vs3wt56"},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/F4320322999","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https:\/\/content.openalex.org\/works\/W4380558621.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4300450609","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4386931570","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2391010541","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2357367123","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4388930439","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2387276901","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2385953334","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2351303360","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3134118520","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2883671469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"rethinks":[2],"translation":[3,8,69],"memory":[4],"augmented":[5],"neural":[6],"machine":[7],"(TM-augmented":[9],"NMT)":[10],"from":[11],"two":[12,127],"perspectives,":[13],"i.e.,":[14],"a":[15,61,91],"probabilistic":[16],"view":[17],"of":[18,36],"retrieval":[19],"and":[20,102,122,130],"the":[21,34,47,50,67,78,85,100,104,111,136],"variance-bias":[22],"decomposition":[23],"principle.":[24],"The":[25],"finding":[26],"demonstrates":[27],"that":[28,110],"TM-augmented":[29,71,95,113,124],"NMT":[30,72,76,96,114,121,125],"is":[31,43],"good":[32],"at":[33],"ability":[35],"fitting":[37],"data":[38,52],"(i.e.,":[39,53],"lower":[40],"bias)":[41],"but":[42],"more":[44],"sensitive":[45],"to":[46,60,98],"fluctuations":[48],"in":[49],"training":[51],"higher":[54],"variance),":[55],"which":[56],"provides":[57],"an":[58],"explanation":[59],"recently":[62],"reported":[63],"contradictory":[64,105],"phenomenon":[65],"on":[66],"same":[68],"task:":[70],"substantially":[73],"advances":[74],"vanilla":[75],"under":[77,84,126],"high-resource":[79,137],"scenario":[80],"whereas":[81],"it":[82],"fails":[83],"low-resource":[86],"scenario.":[87,138],"Then":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"simple":[92],"yet":[93],"effective":[94],"model":[97],"promote":[99],"variance":[101],"address":[103],"phenomenon.":[106],"Extensive":[107],"experiments":[108],"show":[109],"proposed":[112],"achieves":[115],"consistent":[116],"gains":[117],"over":[118],"both":[119],"conventional":[120],"existing":[123],"variance-preferable":[128],"(low-resource":[129],"plug-and-play)":[131],"scenarios":[132],"as":[133,135],"well":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}