{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4410392848","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","title":"Simultaneous text and gesture generation for social robots with small language models","display_name":"Simultaneous text and gesture generation for social robots with small language models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4410392848","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","pmid":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40453041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","pdf_url":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/robotics-and-ai\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024\/pdf","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/robotics-and-ai\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024\/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5050015281","display_name":"Alessio Galatolo","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9289-4659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Galatolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Department of Women and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Women and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5089342160","display_name":"Katie Winkle","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3309-3552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katie Winkle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5050015281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I123387679"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":6.5622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96067416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1581024","last_page":"1581024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8555675745010376},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.8211534023284912},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5699673891067505},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5631088614463806},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5521423816680908},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4801349341869354},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.467158704996109},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4449646770954132},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4209912419319153},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.41926825046539307},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.12896016240119934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C41008148","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8555675745010376},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C207347870","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.8211534023284912},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C2779960059","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5699673891067505},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C90509273","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5631088614463806},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C48044578","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5521423816680908},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C107457646","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4801349341869354},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C206345919","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.467158704996109},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C154945302","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4449646770954132},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C195704467","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4209912419319153},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C137293760","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.41926825046539307},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C77088390","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12896016240119934},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C111919701","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C31258907","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","pdf_url":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/robotics-and-ai\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024\/pdf","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40453041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40453041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-558738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-558738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org\/article:abc28971c36b401eb313d1081962e1e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doaj.org\/article\/abc28971c36b401eb313d1081962e1e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12122315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/12122315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024","pdf_url":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/robotics-and-ai\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1581024\/pdf","source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/licenses\/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https:\/\/metadata.un.org\/sdg\/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https:\/\/content.openalex.org\/works\/W4410392848.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/W107524893","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1542318638","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1821462560","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1929522574","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1979924955","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1981509185","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2017262373","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2024649868","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2039376592","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2122376170","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2135115712","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2144477373","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2161460193","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2220815059","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2401641474","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2612690371","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2617211984","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2744999500","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2871950322","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2967443589","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2990138404","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3098994456","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3105179718","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3124346429","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3133702157","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3139503245","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3141199462","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3158278730","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3181695292","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3181705171","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4245503200","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4250700556","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4300035993","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4312584365","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4385877119","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4386302153","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4387821331","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4388717680","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4389519535","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4390722831","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4391335180","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4391351849","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4391417118","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4392633394","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4395474395","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4396811641","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4396832345","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4402354151","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4402670135","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4402672105","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4406960578","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6638523607","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6641943239","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6678819414","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6713340697","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6739901393","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6747109042","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6778883912","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6790935010","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6796581206","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6809646742","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6838557027","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6847592177","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6847726902","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6857323363","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6857804743","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6863044375","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6871347706","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6876750130"],"related_works":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2537963312","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2066003895","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2537762514","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2349788282","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W577271088","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2120801881","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1982853263","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1974473538","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2020010749","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4206297952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"approach":[1],"supports":[2],"the":[3],"use":[4],"of":[5],"Small":[6],"Language":[7],"Models":[8],"for":[9],"multimodal":[10],"generation,":[11],"offering":[12],"an":[13],"effective":[14],"alternative":[15],"to":[16],"existing":[17],"high-resource":[18],"methods.":[19],"By":[20],"abstracting":[21],"gesture":[22],"generation":[23],"and":[24,38],"eliminating":[25],"reliance":[26],"on":[27],"platform-specific":[28],"motion":[29],"data,":[30],"we":[31],"enable":[32],"broader":[33],"applicability":[34],"in":[35],"real-world,":[36],"low-resource,":[37],"privacy-sensitive":[39],"HRI":[40],"settings.":[41]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}