{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2032051785","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2002.804425","title":"3-D active appearance models: segmentation of cardiac MR and ultrasound images","display_name":"3-D active appearance models: segmentation of cardiac MR and ultrasound images","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2032051785","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2002.804425","mag":"2032051785","pmid":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12564884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109\/tmi.2002.804425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2002.804425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5042162475","display_name":"Susan Mitchell","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8363-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.C. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5010630685","display_name":"Johan G. Bosch","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5369-817X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.G. Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5019003563","display_name":"Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8269-7603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.P.F. Lelieveldt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5048648478","display_name":"Rob J. van der Geest","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9084-5597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. van der Geest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5028379363","display_name":"Johan H. C. Reiber","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-6417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.H.C. Reiber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5018836634","display_name":"Milan Sonka","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9613-9968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sonka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/A5042162475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I126307644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1268,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":393,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99295717,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"1167","last_page":"1178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/subfields\/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/fields\/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/domains\/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6347923278808594},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6267582178115845},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.604552149772644},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5471847653388977},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4794163405895233},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.47281232476234436},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3318224549293518},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/keywords\/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27269893884658813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C31972630","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6347923278808594},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C124504099","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6267582178115845},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C154945302","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.604552149772644},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C89600930","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5471847653388977},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C41008148","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4794163405895233},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C143409427","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.47281232476234436},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C126838900","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3318224549293518},{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/C71924100","wikidata":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27269893884658813}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019560","descriptor_name":"Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019560","descriptor_name":"Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019560","descriptor_name":"Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109\/tmi.2002.804425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2002.804425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12564884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12564884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https:\/\/openalex.org\/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.453.8812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.453.8812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http:\/\/perso.telecom-paristech.fr\/~angelini\/MIMED\/papers_2010\/mitchell_tmi_2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/W33507944","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W57298833","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W214577476","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1484786760","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1571578421","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1583065847","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1769974409","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1957945098","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2012046777","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2025184078","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2032317372","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2034987376","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2038952578","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2049981393","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2058822180","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2080568558","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2096503284","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2099530880","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2102978459","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2105169845","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2106904753","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2112691218","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2116044718","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2124632179","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2124832827","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2131202198","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2132084981","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2147646630","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2151105625","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2151219244","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2152826865","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2152974907","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2153003473","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2165348824","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2167407599","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2169803254","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2171790646","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2603283561","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3146913902","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3148960654","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4238712382","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6602375562","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6674679650","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W6682522442"],"related_works":["https:\/\/openalex.org\/W3021493803","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2257755506","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2011111248","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2462603952","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W4256129901","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2002934375","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2006468016","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W2912860444","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1907269663","https:\/\/openalex.org\/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"model-based":[1],"method":[2,141,201],"for":[3,39,205],"three-dimensional":[4,31,96],"image":[5,25,75,137,212],"segmentation":[6,14,64,94],"was":[7,120,195],"developed":[8],"and":[9,22,74,113,133,157,160,171,180,210],"its":[10],"performance":[11,119],"assessed":[12,121],"in":[13,83,108,129,214],"of":[15,29,47,77,95,102,152],"volumetric":[16],"cardiac":[17,79,97,110],"magnetic":[18],"resonance":[19],"(MR)":[20],"images":[21,112],"echocardiographic":[23,115,190,211],"temporal":[24],"sequences.":[26,116,138],"Comprehensive":[27],"design":[28],"a":[30,84,89,215],"(3-D)":[32],"active":[33],"appearance":[34,76],"model":[35],"(AAM)":[36],"is":[37,59,81,106],"reported":[38],"the":[40,48,78,103,146,166,192],"first":[41],"time":[42],"as":[43],"an":[44,67],"involved":[45],"extension":[46],"AAM":[49,105,140,181,200],"framework":[50],"introduced":[51],"by":[52,122],"Cootes":[53],"et":[54],"al.":[55],"The":[56,99,117,139,199],"model's":[57],"behavior":[58],"learned":[60],"from":[61],"manually":[62,125],"traced":[63],"examples":[65],"during":[66],"automated":[68],"training":[69],"stage.":[70],"Information":[71],"about":[72],"shape":[73],"structures":[80],"contained":[82],"single":[85],"model.":[86],"This":[87],"ensures":[88],"spatially":[90],"and\/or":[91],"temporally":[92],"consistent":[93],"images.":[98],"clinical":[100,131,135,216],"potential":[101],"3-D":[104],"demonstrated":[107],"short-axis":[109],"MR":[111,132,209],"four-chamber":[114],"method's":[118],"comparison":[123],"with":[124,145],"identified":[126],"independent":[127,147],"standards":[128],"56":[130],"64":[134],"echo":[136],"showed":[142],"good":[143],"agreement":[144],"standard":[148],"using":[149],"quantitative":[150],"indexes":[151],"border":[153],"positioning":[154],"errors,":[155],"endo-":[156],"epicardial":[158,169],"volumes,":[159,168,170],"left":[161,172],"ventricular":[162,173],"mass.":[163],"In":[164],"MR,":[165],"endocardial":[167],"wall":[174],"mass":[175],"correlation":[176,194],"coefficients":[177],"between":[178],"manual":[179],"were":[182],"R2":[183,196],"=":[184,197],"0.94,":[185],"0.97,":[186],"0.82,":[187],"respectively.":[188],"For":[189],"analysis,":[191],"area":[193],"0.79.":[198],"shows":[202],"high":[203],"promise":[204],"successful":[206],"application":[207],"to":[208],"analysis":[213],"setting.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}